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Amini S, Sadeghi N, Moghimian M. Comparing Feelings of Loneliness and Happiness in Children of Female Nurses with Overtime and Mandatory Shift Work. TB 2025; 24 (3) :1-14
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3745-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3745-en.html
Isf. C., Islamic Azad University , n45sadeghi@yahoo.com
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Comparing Feelings of Loneliness and Happiness in Children of Female Nurses with Overtime and Mandatory Shift Work
Sareh Amini (M.Sc.)1, Narges Sadeghi(Ph.D.)2, Maryam Moghimian(Ph.D.)3
1.M.Sc.of Nursing Department of Nursing, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2.Associate Professor Department of Nursing, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Email:narges.sadeghi@iau.ac.ir Tel: 00989131091715
3.Associate Professor Department of Nursing, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: The nursing profession for female nurses, in addition to maternal duties, creates problems in meeting the psychological needs of their children. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing feelings of loneliness and happiness in the children of female nurses who work overtime and do shift work.
Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative study.The research population was the children of female nurses working in the emergency room of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan. 120 nurses were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of nurses working on shifts and those wprking overtime. The data collection tools included the demographic characteristics form, Usher and Wheeler loneliness questionnaires, and Oxford happiness questionnaires. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 software.
Rusults: The samples were compared in two groups including 60 children of nurses who worked overtime and did shift work. In working overtime group, the average happiness score was significantly lower (p=0/001), which had a significant negative relationship with the variables of being an only child (p=0/05), older child age (p=0/006), and being female (p=0/006). Among the happiness dimensions, the positive mood dimension had the highest, and the life satisfaction dimension had the lowest impact. The average loneliness score of children of nurses working shift work was significantly higher (p=0/001), which had a significant negative relationship with the variables of being an only child (p=0/02), older child age (p=0/03), and female (p=0/001). Among the loneliness dimensions, the emotional loneliness dimension had the highest, and the social loneliness dimension had the lowest impact.
Conclusion: The results of the present study show that children whose nursing mothers are away from them for a longer period of time, experience more emotional loneliness and have lower happiness and positive mood. Given the greater impact of the absence of the mother on the happiness and loneliness of adolescent female children in small-population families, it is necessary for health policymakers to pay special attention to providing human resources and providing shift work to maintain the psychosocial health of children of nursing mothers.
Keywords: Happiness, Loneliness, Nurse, Children, Shift Work
Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
References
1-Medvedev O N, Landhuis C E. Exploring constructs of well-being, happiness and quality of life. PeerJ. 2028; 6: e4903.
2-Cheng H, Liu G, Yang J & et al. Shift work disorder, mental health and burnout among nurses: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing open. 2023; 10(4): 2611-2620.
3-Avarro‐Cano JA, Horner B, Goberna M & et al. Additive effects of nurse and
facilitated plants on ecosystem functions. Journal of Ecology. 2019; 107(6):2587-97.
4-Indrayani N L D, Kao C Y. Parental role conflict in night shift nursing workers: A perspective on feminist ethics towards nursing career development. Innovation in Health for Society. 2024; 4(2): 101-108.
5-López‐López IM, Gómez‐Urquiza JL, Cañadas GR & et al. Prevalence of burnout in mental health nurses and related factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International journal of mental health nursing. 2019; 28 (5):1035-44.
6-Eyimaya AO, Irmak AY. Relationship between parenting practices and children's screen time during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Journal of pediatric nursing. 2021; 56:24-29.
7-Steptoe A. Happiness and health. Annual review of public health. 2019; 40(1): 339-359.
8-Oishi S, Westgate EC. A psychologically rich life: Beyond happiness and meaning. Psychological review.2022; 129(4): 790.
9-Anbari M, Haghi S. A Study of Role Changes and Happiness of Rural Women. Journal of Applied Sociology. 2021; 32(1): 23-58.
10-Schmidt E M, Décieux F, Zartler U & et al. What makes a good mother? Two decades of research reflecting social norms of motherhood. Journal of Family Theory & Review. 2023; 15(1): 57-77.
11-Motta V. Key concept: loneliness. Philosophy, Psychiatry & Psychology. 2021; 28(1): 71-81.
12-Kiran S, Parveen Q, Ikram A. Self-Confidence Level of the Children of Working and Non-Working Mothers: A Comparative Study. Journal of Educational Sciences & Research. 2018;5(2):20-27.
13-Moghimian M, Fadaee, S, Azarbarzin M & et al. Alphabet research method in medical sciences for using by students of medical sciences and researchers. 2st Ed. Isfahan: Islamic Azad University of Najafabad Press; 2021:109-120.
14-Asher SR, Wheeler VA. Children’s loneliness: A comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1985; 53: 500-505.
15-Jafari Harandi R, Jokar S, Setayeshi Azhari M. Effectiveness of Philosophy for Children on their Loneliness. Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory. 2024; 6(24): 28-36.
16-Argyle M, LU L. The happiness of extroverts. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 1991; 11: 1011-1017.
17-Mirzaee A, Sharif Nia H, Dowran B & et al. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in a Sample of the Iranian Military. Journal of Military Medicine, 2022; 23(3): 246-254.
18-Kebriyaei E, Khajeh F, Yazdanpanah M & et al. Comparison of children’s behavioral problems between two groups of shift and fixed working mothers with different occupational stress levels. Medical Science.2020; 24: 3106-3112.
19-Heard D, McCluskey U, Lake B. Attachment therapy with adolescents and adults: Theory and practice post Bowlby. London: Routledge;2018:202-213.
20-Türkoglu B, Uslu M. The Opinions of University Graduate Working Mothers Who Have
36-60-Months-Old Children about the Quality of the Time Spent with Their Children: A
Phenomenological Analysis. International Journal of Progressive Education.
2019; 15(3):123-43.
21-Alhani F, Mahmoodi-Shan GR. Work–family conflict as a stressor in the lifestyle of
nurses: A content analysis. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2018; 5(3):79-88.
22-Shahhosseini Z, Simbar M, Ramezankhani A & et al. Psycho-Emotional Needs Of Female Adolescents In Mazandaran-Iran. European Psychiatry 2021; 27 (1): 1-7.
23-Iraninejad S, Nikooy M, Sharifirad G. The relationship between parenting style and resilience with the mediation of loneliness in young people in Iranian sojourn. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ). 2024; 13(8): 71-78.
24-Yoo H J, Shim J. Child‐rearing experiences of female nurses working three shifts in South Korea: A qualitative study. International Nursing Review. 2022; 69(3): 318-329.
Sareh Amini (M.Sc.)1, Narges Sadeghi(Ph.D.)2, Maryam Moghimian(Ph.D.)3
1.M.Sc.of Nursing Department of Nursing, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2.Associate Professor Department of Nursing, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Email:narges.sadeghi@iau.ac.ir Tel: 00989131091715
3.Associate Professor Department of Nursing, Na.C., Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: The nursing profession for female nurses, in addition to maternal duties, creates problems in meeting the psychological needs of their children. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing feelings of loneliness and happiness in the children of female nurses who work overtime and do shift work.
Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative study.The research population was the children of female nurses working in the emergency room of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan. 120 nurses were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups of nurses working on shifts and those wprking overtime. The data collection tools included the demographic characteristics form, Usher and Wheeler loneliness questionnaires, and Oxford happiness questionnaires. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 software.
Rusults: The samples were compared in two groups including 60 children of nurses who worked overtime and did shift work. In working overtime group, the average happiness score was significantly lower (p=0/001), which had a significant negative relationship with the variables of being an only child (p=0/05), older child age (p=0/006), and being female (p=0/006). Among the happiness dimensions, the positive mood dimension had the highest, and the life satisfaction dimension had the lowest impact. The average loneliness score of children of nurses working shift work was significantly higher (p=0/001), which had a significant negative relationship with the variables of being an only child (p=0/02), older child age (p=0/03), and female (p=0/001). Among the loneliness dimensions, the emotional loneliness dimension had the highest, and the social loneliness dimension had the lowest impact.
Conclusion: The results of the present study show that children whose nursing mothers are away from them for a longer period of time, experience more emotional loneliness and have lower happiness and positive mood. Given the greater impact of the absence of the mother on the happiness and loneliness of adolescent female children in small-population families, it is necessary for health policymakers to pay special attention to providing human resources and providing shift work to maintain the psychosocial health of children of nursing mothers.
Keywords: Happiness, Loneliness, Nurse, Children, Shift Work
Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
References
1-Medvedev O N, Landhuis C E. Exploring constructs of well-being, happiness and quality of life. PeerJ. 2028; 6: e4903.
2-Cheng H, Liu G, Yang J & et al. Shift work disorder, mental health and burnout among nurses: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing open. 2023; 10(4): 2611-2620.
3-Avarro‐Cano JA, Horner B, Goberna M & et al. Additive effects of nurse and
facilitated plants on ecosystem functions. Journal of Ecology. 2019; 107(6):2587-97.
4-Indrayani N L D, Kao C Y. Parental role conflict in night shift nursing workers: A perspective on feminist ethics towards nursing career development. Innovation in Health for Society. 2024; 4(2): 101-108.
5-López‐López IM, Gómez‐Urquiza JL, Cañadas GR & et al. Prevalence of burnout in mental health nurses and related factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International journal of mental health nursing. 2019; 28 (5):1035-44.
6-Eyimaya AO, Irmak AY. Relationship between parenting practices and children's screen time during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Journal of pediatric nursing. 2021; 56:24-29.
7-Steptoe A. Happiness and health. Annual review of public health. 2019; 40(1): 339-359.
8-Oishi S, Westgate EC. A psychologically rich life: Beyond happiness and meaning. Psychological review.2022; 129(4): 790.
9-Anbari M, Haghi S. A Study of Role Changes and Happiness of Rural Women. Journal of Applied Sociology. 2021; 32(1): 23-58.
10-Schmidt E M, Décieux F, Zartler U & et al. What makes a good mother? Two decades of research reflecting social norms of motherhood. Journal of Family Theory & Review. 2023; 15(1): 57-77.
11-Motta V. Key concept: loneliness. Philosophy, Psychiatry & Psychology. 2021; 28(1): 71-81.
12-Kiran S, Parveen Q, Ikram A. Self-Confidence Level of the Children of Working and Non-Working Mothers: A Comparative Study. Journal of Educational Sciences & Research. 2018;5(2):20-27.
13-Moghimian M, Fadaee, S, Azarbarzin M & et al. Alphabet research method in medical sciences for using by students of medical sciences and researchers. 2st Ed. Isfahan: Islamic Azad University of Najafabad Press; 2021:109-120.
14-Asher SR, Wheeler VA. Children’s loneliness: A comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1985; 53: 500-505.
15-Jafari Harandi R, Jokar S, Setayeshi Azhari M. Effectiveness of Philosophy for Children on their Loneliness. Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory. 2024; 6(24): 28-36.
16-Argyle M, LU L. The happiness of extroverts. Journal of Personality and Individual Differences, 1991; 11: 1011-1017.
17-Mirzaee A, Sharif Nia H, Dowran B & et al. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in a Sample of the Iranian Military. Journal of Military Medicine, 2022; 23(3): 246-254.
18-Kebriyaei E, Khajeh F, Yazdanpanah M & et al. Comparison of children’s behavioral problems between two groups of shift and fixed working mothers with different occupational stress levels. Medical Science.2020; 24: 3106-3112.
19-Heard D, McCluskey U, Lake B. Attachment therapy with adolescents and adults: Theory and practice post Bowlby. London: Routledge;2018:202-213.
20-Türkoglu B, Uslu M. The Opinions of University Graduate Working Mothers Who Have
36-60-Months-Old Children about the Quality of the Time Spent with Their Children: A
Phenomenological Analysis. International Journal of Progressive Education.
2019; 15(3):123-43.
21-Alhani F, Mahmoodi-Shan GR. Work–family conflict as a stressor in the lifestyle of
nurses: A content analysis. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2018; 5(3):79-88.
22-Shahhosseini Z, Simbar M, Ramezankhani A & et al. Psycho-Emotional Needs Of Female Adolescents In Mazandaran-Iran. European Psychiatry 2021; 27 (1): 1-7.
23-Iraninejad S, Nikooy M, Sharifirad G. The relationship between parenting style and resilience with the mediation of loneliness in young people in Iranian sojourn. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ). 2024; 13(8): 71-78.
24-Yoo H J, Shim J. Child‐rearing experiences of female nurses working three shifts in South Korea: A qualitative study. International Nursing Review. 2022; 69(3): 318-329.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Nursing
Received: 2025/01/30 | Accepted: 2025/03/12 | Published: 2025/09/22
Received: 2025/01/30 | Accepted: 2025/03/12 | Published: 2025/09/22
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