Volume 23, Issue 6 (2-2025)
TB 2025, 23(6): 49-63 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.YAZD.REC.1403.019
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Harandi moghadam Z, Alavi langroody S K. Comparison of the Efficacy of Metacognitive Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Life Hope and Depression Severity in Adolescents with Depression in Yazd City. TB 2025; 23 (6) :49-63
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3714-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3714-en.html
Islamic Azad University , zhalehharandi27@gmail.com
Keywords: Metacognitive therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Adolescents, Severity of depression, Life expectancy
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Comparison of the Efficacy of Metacognitive Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Life Hope and Depression Severity in Adolescents with Depression in Yazd City
Zhaleh Harandi Moghadam(M.Sc)1, Seyed Kazem Alavi Langarudi(Ph.D)2
1.Corresponding Author: Master's degree of General Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Email: zhalehharandi27@gmail.com Tel: 09136704783
2.Assistant Professor Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Imam Jawad University, Yazd, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: In today's society, mental disorders, especially depression, have become highly prevalent among adolescents. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the hope for life and severity of depression in adolescents suffering from depression in Yazd.
Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 using a pre-test post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up in Yazd. The study population consisted of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in Yazd County. Using a convenience sampling method, 45 depressed 14-year-old girls were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 (metacognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and control group). After administering the pre-test using the Mariaquas Depression Questionnaire and Miller's Hope Scale, post-tests were conducted for all three groups after 8 sessions (90 minutes each). For data analysis, means and standard deviations were used for descriptive statistics, and analysis of covariance was employed for inferential statistics. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results: The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p < 0.05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p>0/05).
Conclusion: The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p<0/05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p<0/05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p>0/05).
Keywords: Metacognitive therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Adolescents, Severity of depression, Life expectancy
Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
References
1-Eghbali S. The impact of metacognitive therapy on improving executive functions and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in university students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [MD thesis]. Isfahan University of Isfahan. 2021.[Persian]
2- Bi Azar Adlu T. A comparison of attentional bias, working memory, and behavioral inhibition in individuals with major depressive disorder and healthy controls [MD thesis]. Ardabil Mohaghegh Ardabili University. 2019.[Persian]
3- Purghayumi A. A comparison of stress, anxiety, and depression levels among nurses and teachers in Shiraz [MD thesis]. Marvdasht: Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch. 2021. [Persian]
4- Smith JA, Doe R. Gender Differences in Depression: A Review of Recent Findings. J Ment Health Res. 2023;45(2):123-35.
5- Rajabi A, Shamooni Ahvazi Z, Amanalahi M. A comparison of life expectancy, life satisfaction, and suicidal ideation in lifers and prisoners serving less than 10 years [MD thesis]. Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch. 2019.[Persian]
6- Johnson SL, Miller IW. The Importance of Effective Treatment for Recurrent Depression: A Review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2023;45:101-12.
7-Morey A, Loades M, Tully L & et al. Review: How has cognitive behaviour therapy been adapted for adolescents with comorbid depression and chronic illness? Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 26(1): 1-10.
8- Swanson LB, Griffiths HG, Moritz S & et al. Metacognitive training for negative symptoms: Support for the cognitive model. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022;29(1):1-10.
9-Twenge JM, Joiner TE, Rogers ML& et al. Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among U.S. adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Clin Psychol Sci. 2019;7(3):525-50.
10-Mohammad Khani Sh. A practical guide to metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Tehran: Ibn Sina Press. 2024.[Persian]
11-Seligman MEP, Steen TA, Park N & et al. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. Am Psychol. 2019;60(5):410-21.
12-Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EMS & et al. Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(4):575-85.
13- Gergabie F. A comparative study of the efficacy of behavioral activation therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and hope for life in hemodialysis patients at Emineh Hospita Isfahan [MD thesis]. Isfahan Payame Noor University. 2022.[Persian]
14-Khan A, Ahmed S, Raza M. The effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on depression in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2023;310:123-130.
15-Lee H, Kim S, Park J. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2023;53(4):678-688.
16-Heidari Z. The effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on positive and negative metacognitive beliefs and emotional regulation in patients with epilepsy in Ilam city [MD thesis]. Ilam Islamic Azad University. 2019 . [Persian]
17- Chiniforushan M. Comparison of the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in group and individual formats on symptoms and beliefs of obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and quality of life in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without major depressive disorder [PhD thesis]. Tehran Allameh Tabatabai University. 2018 .[Persian]
18- Abdi Bayghout H. The relationship between self-concept and mindfulness with anxiety and depression in adolescent girls [MD thesis]. Bonab Payame Noor University.2021.[Persian]
19 Smith J, Johnson L, Brown A. The impact of hope on depression in adolescents: A systematic review. J Adolesc Health. 2022;70(3):345-52.
20- Smith JA, Doe R. Gender Differences in Depression: A Review of Recent Findings. J Ment Health Res. 2023;45(2):123-35.
21- Garcia M, Lopez R, Martinez A. The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on hope and depression in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2023;54(1):45-56.
22- Hernandez A, Smith J, Lee K. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in adolescents: A meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023;64(2):123-134.
23- Nguyen T, Patel R, Kim J. The impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and quality of life in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2023;162:104-112.
Zhaleh Harandi Moghadam(M.Sc)1, Seyed Kazem Alavi Langarudi(Ph.D)2
1.Corresponding Author: Master's degree of General Psychology, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Email: zhalehharandi27@gmail.com Tel: 09136704783
2.Assistant Professor Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Imam Jawad University, Yazd, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: In today's society, mental disorders, especially depression, have become highly prevalent among adolescents. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the hope for life and severity of depression in adolescents suffering from depression in Yazd.
Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 using a pre-test post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up in Yazd. The study population consisted of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in Yazd County. Using a convenience sampling method, 45 depressed 14-year-old girls were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 (metacognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and control group). After administering the pre-test using the Mariaquas Depression Questionnaire and Miller's Hope Scale, post-tests were conducted for all three groups after 8 sessions (90 minutes each). For data analysis, means and standard deviations were used for descriptive statistics, and analysis of covariance was employed for inferential statistics. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.
Results: The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p < 0.05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p < 0.05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p>0/05).
Conclusion: The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p<0/05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p<0/05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p>0/05).
Keywords: Metacognitive therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Adolescents, Severity of depression, Life expectancy
Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
References
1-Eghbali S. The impact of metacognitive therapy on improving executive functions and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in university students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [MD thesis]. Isfahan University of Isfahan. 2021.[Persian]
2- Bi Azar Adlu T. A comparison of attentional bias, working memory, and behavioral inhibition in individuals with major depressive disorder and healthy controls [MD thesis]. Ardabil Mohaghegh Ardabili University. 2019.[Persian]
3- Purghayumi A. A comparison of stress, anxiety, and depression levels among nurses and teachers in Shiraz [MD thesis]. Marvdasht: Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch. 2021. [Persian]
4- Smith JA, Doe R. Gender Differences in Depression: A Review of Recent Findings. J Ment Health Res. 2023;45(2):123-35.
5- Rajabi A, Shamooni Ahvazi Z, Amanalahi M. A comparison of life expectancy, life satisfaction, and suicidal ideation in lifers and prisoners serving less than 10 years [MD thesis]. Shahrood Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch. 2019.[Persian]
6- Johnson SL, Miller IW. The Importance of Effective Treatment for Recurrent Depression: A Review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2023;45:101-12.
7-Morey A, Loades M, Tully L & et al. Review: How has cognitive behaviour therapy been adapted for adolescents with comorbid depression and chronic illness? Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 26(1): 1-10.
8- Swanson LB, Griffiths HG, Moritz S & et al. Metacognitive training for negative symptoms: Support for the cognitive model. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022;29(1):1-10.
9-Twenge JM, Joiner TE, Rogers ML& et al. Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among U.S. adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Clin Psychol Sci. 2019;7(3):525-50.
10-Mohammad Khani Sh. A practical guide to metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Tehran: Ibn Sina Press. 2024.[Persian]
11-Seligman MEP, Steen TA, Park N & et al. Positive psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions. Am Psychol. 2019;60(5):410-21.
12-Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EMS & et al. Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(4):575-85.
13- Gergabie F. A comparative study of the efficacy of behavioral activation therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and hope for life in hemodialysis patients at Emineh Hospita Isfahan [MD thesis]. Isfahan Payame Noor University. 2022.[Persian]
14-Khan A, Ahmed S, Raza M. The effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on depression in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2023;310:123-130.
15-Lee H, Kim S, Park J. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescent depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2023;53(4):678-688.
16-Heidari Z. The effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on positive and negative metacognitive beliefs and emotional regulation in patients with epilepsy in Ilam city [MD thesis]. Ilam Islamic Azad University. 2019 . [Persian]
17- Chiniforushan M. Comparison of the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in group and individual formats on symptoms and beliefs of obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and quality of life in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without major depressive disorder [PhD thesis]. Tehran Allameh Tabatabai University. 2018 .[Persian]
18- Abdi Bayghout H. The relationship between self-concept and mindfulness with anxiety and depression in adolescent girls [MD thesis]. Bonab Payame Noor University.2021.[Persian]
19 Smith J, Johnson L, Brown A. The impact of hope on depression in adolescents: A systematic review. J Adolesc Health. 2022;70(3):345-52.
20- Smith JA, Doe R. Gender Differences in Depression: A Review of Recent Findings. J Ment Health Res. 2023;45(2):123-35.
21- Garcia M, Lopez R, Martinez A. The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on hope and depression in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2023;54(1):45-56.
22- Hernandez A, Smith J, Lee K. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression in adolescents: A meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023;64(2):123-134.
23- Nguyen T, Patel R, Kim J. The impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression and quality of life in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther. 2023;162:104-112.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychology
Received: 2024/10/6 | Accepted: 2024/12/11 | Published: 2025/02/28
Received: 2024/10/6 | Accepted: 2024/12/11 | Published: 2025/02/28
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