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TB 2024, 23(1): 84-97 |
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Research code: 6556
Ethics code: IR.SSU.REC.1398.114
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Mazloomy Mahmoodabad S S, Ehrampoush M H, Zare Alliabad S, Ardian N, Soltani T, Yoshany N. Tendency to Addiction from the Viewpoints of the Youth and Their Parents Based on the Marketing Model (Com-B), in 2020, Yazd. TB 2024; 23 (1) :84-97
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3587-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3587-en.html
Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad 
, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush , Salimeh Zare Alliabad , Nahid Ardian * , Tahere Soltani , Nooshin Yoshany
, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush , Salimeh Zare Alliabad , Nahid Ardian * , Tahere Soltani , Nooshin Yoshany
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. , n_ardian1382@hotmail.com
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Tendency to Addiction from the Viewpoints of the Youth and Their Parents Based on the Marketing Model (Com-B), in 2020, Yazd
Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoudabad(Ph.D.)1, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush(Ph.D.)2 , Salime Zare Abdollahi(Ph.D.)3, Nahid Ardian(Ph.D.)4, Tahere Soltani(Ph.D.)5, Nooshin Yoshany(Ph.D.)5
1.Professor Social Determinants of health Research center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, School of public health, Shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
2.Professor Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
3.Ph.D. of health education and health promotion, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
4.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor Social Determinants of Health Diseases Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran..Email: n_ardian1382@hotmail.com, Tel +98 9132506563,
5.Assistant Professor Social Determinants of Health Diseases Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the views of teenagers-the adults and their parents regarding the prevention of drug addiction based on the mixed elements of the marketing model (audience needs, access to services, cost, and communication).
Methods: This research was conducted based on a qualitative research method using an exploratory method. 14 teenagers-adults and 10 parents, 24 participants were selected through targeted sampling, from the marginal neighborhoods of Yazd in 2019; the neighborhoods included Maryam Abad, Hassan Abad, and Skan. In total, 2 semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents and 3 focused group discussions were conducted with the presence of teenagers and young people in the neighborhood. In this study, the information, including demographic characteristics, and the results of market analysis were obtained with elements of Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) social marketing model; they were investigated using focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed based on the content analysis method.
Results: The qualitative study resulted in 63 codes, 26 subcategories, 4 categories, product, location, cost, and promotion according to the COMBI model structures. Product category or behavioral characteristics, having peace of mind, and seeking independence were mentioned by both groups of parents and the youth as the factors of addiction tendency. But, regarding the cost of addiction, while teenagers and the young people considered the social side effects of drug use, such as losing friends, more important, parents were more concerned about the physical side effects of drugs. Location or environmental and social conditions were important for both groups of parents and the youth.
Conclusion: The results showed that although both groups of teenagers-the youth and their parents pointed to the social, environmental, and individual factors of addiction, their intended examples were different in many areas. Parents considered the most important factor in the tendency to drugs addiction to be the structure of the audience's need, having peace of mind, compensating for the sense of deficiencies and the need for independence, and the youth suggested the use of virtual space and creating motivation and awareness campaign to prevent addiction as a suitable method. Perceived costs according to the young people were loss of friends, feeling of rejection, loss of self-confidence, and negative view of others towards addiction. One of the reasons for the tendency towards addiction was mentioned by the young people as the location and easy access to drugs, and the parents said that the suitable place for the tendency towards addiction was having a risky and inappropriate family.
Keywords: Addiction, Product, Place, Cost, Promotion, COMBI, Qualitative research
References
1-Amini Naser, Zohreh GJ. The predictability of youth addiction according to identity style. The Journal of New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 2018;3(19):1-19.
2-Laitano HV, Ely A, Sordi AO & et al. Anger and substance abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;44(1):103-10.
3-Saladino V, Mosca O, Petruccelli F & et al. The vicious cycle: problematic family relations, substance abuse, and crime in adolescence: a narrative review. Frontiers in psychology. 2021;12:673954.
4-Ritanti R, Permatasari I, Nurdiantami Y. The relationship of resilience and family functioning with substance abuse risk behavior among adolescents. Health Education and Health Promotion. 2023;11(2):0.
5-Do HTP, Santos JA, Trieu K & et al. Effectiveness of a Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) intervention to reduce salt intake in a Vietnamese Province based on estimations from spot urine samples. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2016;18(11):1135-42.
6-Bardus M. Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Social Marketing: Springer; 2022. 1-3.
7-DiClemente RJ, Crosby R, Kegler MC. Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
8-Antonangelo JA, Sun X, Zhang H. The roles of co-composted biochar (COMBI) in improving soil quality, crop productivity, and toxic metal amelioration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021;277:111443.
9-Nugroho E. Penerapan program communication for behavioural impact (combi) dalam menciptakan lingkungan sekolah bebas jentik. j-abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2021;1(4):409-18.
10-Amirah A, Suharto T, Renowening Y & et al. Dynamic System Model Using the Combi (Communication for Behavioral Impact) Method Approach to Early Detection of Stunting Neonates in Pregnant Women North Sumatra. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2024;17(4):1397-404.
11-Chao K-I. Communication for behavioral impact: a COMBI plan for cancer prevention in Taiwan. 2014.
12-Lindgren B-M, Lundman B, Graneheim UH. Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process. International journal of nursing studies. 2020;108:103632.
13-Hatami M. Investigating the role of family functioning and basic psychological needs on youth addiction to cyberspace. National Congress of Virtual Space and New Technologies: Challenges, Opportunities and Strategies; Tehran: Allame Tabatabaei University; 2023.
14-Dehghani KH, Zare A, Dehghani H & et al. Drug abuse prevalence and risk factors in students of Shaheed Sadoughi university of medical sciences, Yazd. SSU_Journals. 2010;18(3):164-9.
15-Bayani A, Ahmadi RaA, Alirezza Esmaili. Lived experiences of young addicts about the role of social support in preventing addiction relapse. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy 2023;14(56):67-101.
16-Parvizi S, Ahmadi F, Nikbakht Nasrabadi AR. Adolescents’ perspectives on addiction: a qualitative study. Iranian Journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology. 2005;3(3):250.
17-Mauri MC, Cirnigliaro G, Piccoli E & et al. Substance abuse associated with aggressive/violent behaviors in psychiatric outpatients and related psychotropic prescription. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2023;21(6):4071-84.
18-Behravan H, Mir-Anvaari SA. A sociological analysis of drug addict’s relapse in the therapeutic community of Mashhad, Iran. Journal of Social Problems of Iran. 2010;1(1).
19-Rahimi Movaghar A, Malayerikhah Langroodi Z, Delbarpour Ahmadi S & et al. A qualitative study of specific needs of women for treatment of addiction. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2011;17(2):116-25.
20-Frew JR. Reducing the stigma of perinatal substance use disorders: The time is now. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2023;26(3):411-3.
21-Javanian M, Bayani M, Shokri M & et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2020;58(3):161-7.
22-Soltani B, Mohammadi F. Effective factors of youth and women turning to addiction and delinquency and ways to prevent it in Ravansar city. Journal of New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 2022;7(55):449-56.
23-Almerie MQ, Matar HE, Salam M & et al. Cigarettes and waterpipe smoking among medical students in Syria: a cross-sectional study. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. 2008;12(9):1085-91.
24-Esteban J, Suárez‐Relinque C, Jiménez TI. Effects of family therapy for substance abuse: A systematic review of recent research. Family process. 2023;62(1):49-73.
25-Lapham SC, Smith E, C'De Baca J & et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among persons convicted of driving while impaired. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001;58(10):943-9.
26-Ghaleiha A, Farhadi Nasab A, Zarabian MK & et al. Comparative survey of mental disorders and personality characteristics in persons with drug dependent and non drug dependent in Hamadan, Iran. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2008;15(2):40.7-2.
27-Henkel D. Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010). Current drug abuse reviews. 2011;4(1):4-27.
28-Meymandi MS, Ziaeddini H, Yazdi AS. Opinion of high school students of Kerman towards affecting factors on narcotics tendency (2005). JQUMS. 2008;12:8-80.
Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoudabad(Ph.D.)1, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush(Ph.D.)2 , Salime Zare Abdollahi(Ph.D.)3, Nahid Ardian(Ph.D.)4, Tahere Soltani(Ph.D.)5, Nooshin Yoshany(Ph.D.)5
1.Professor Social Determinants of health Research center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, School of public health, Shahid sadoughi university of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran
2.Professor Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, School of Public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
3.Ph.D. of health education and health promotion, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
4.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor Social Determinants of Health Diseases Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran..Email: n_ardian1382@hotmail.com, Tel +98 9132506563,
5.Assistant Professor Social Determinants of Health Diseases Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the views of teenagers-the adults and their parents regarding the prevention of drug addiction based on the mixed elements of the marketing model (audience needs, access to services, cost, and communication).
Methods: This research was conducted based on a qualitative research method using an exploratory method. 14 teenagers-adults and 10 parents, 24 participants were selected through targeted sampling, from the marginal neighborhoods of Yazd in 2019; the neighborhoods included Maryam Abad, Hassan Abad, and Skan. In total, 2 semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents and 3 focused group discussions were conducted with the presence of teenagers and young people in the neighborhood. In this study, the information, including demographic characteristics, and the results of market analysis were obtained with elements of Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) social marketing model; they were investigated using focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed based on the content analysis method.
Results: The qualitative study resulted in 63 codes, 26 subcategories, 4 categories, product, location, cost, and promotion according to the COMBI model structures. Product category or behavioral characteristics, having peace of mind, and seeking independence were mentioned by both groups of parents and the youth as the factors of addiction tendency. But, regarding the cost of addiction, while teenagers and the young people considered the social side effects of drug use, such as losing friends, more important, parents were more concerned about the physical side effects of drugs. Location or environmental and social conditions were important for both groups of parents and the youth.
Conclusion: The results showed that although both groups of teenagers-the youth and their parents pointed to the social, environmental, and individual factors of addiction, their intended examples were different in many areas. Parents considered the most important factor in the tendency to drugs addiction to be the structure of the audience's need, having peace of mind, compensating for the sense of deficiencies and the need for independence, and the youth suggested the use of virtual space and creating motivation and awareness campaign to prevent addiction as a suitable method. Perceived costs according to the young people were loss of friends, feeling of rejection, loss of self-confidence, and negative view of others towards addiction. One of the reasons for the tendency towards addiction was mentioned by the young people as the location and easy access to drugs, and the parents said that the suitable place for the tendency towards addiction was having a risky and inappropriate family.
Keywords: Addiction, Product, Place, Cost, Promotion, COMBI, Qualitative research
References
1-Amini Naser, Zohreh GJ. The predictability of youth addiction according to identity style. The Journal of New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 2018;3(19):1-19.
2-Laitano HV, Ely A, Sordi AO & et al. Anger and substance abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;44(1):103-10.
3-Saladino V, Mosca O, Petruccelli F & et al. The vicious cycle: problematic family relations, substance abuse, and crime in adolescence: a narrative review. Frontiers in psychology. 2021;12:673954.
4-Ritanti R, Permatasari I, Nurdiantami Y. The relationship of resilience and family functioning with substance abuse risk behavior among adolescents. Health Education and Health Promotion. 2023;11(2):0.
5-Do HTP, Santos JA, Trieu K & et al. Effectiveness of a Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) intervention to reduce salt intake in a Vietnamese Province based on estimations from spot urine samples. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2016;18(11):1135-42.
6-Bardus M. Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Social Marketing: Springer; 2022. 1-3.
7-DiClemente RJ, Crosby R, Kegler MC. Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: John Wiley & Sons; 2009.
8-Antonangelo JA, Sun X, Zhang H. The roles of co-composted biochar (COMBI) in improving soil quality, crop productivity, and toxic metal amelioration. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021;277:111443.
9-Nugroho E. Penerapan program communication for behavioural impact (combi) dalam menciptakan lingkungan sekolah bebas jentik. j-abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2021;1(4):409-18.
10-Amirah A, Suharto T, Renowening Y & et al. Dynamic System Model Using the Combi (Communication for Behavioral Impact) Method Approach to Early Detection of Stunting Neonates in Pregnant Women North Sumatra. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2024;17(4):1397-404.
11-Chao K-I. Communication for behavioral impact: a COMBI plan for cancer prevention in Taiwan. 2014.
12-Lindgren B-M, Lundman B, Graneheim UH. Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process. International journal of nursing studies. 2020;108:103632.
13-Hatami M. Investigating the role of family functioning and basic psychological needs on youth addiction to cyberspace. National Congress of Virtual Space and New Technologies: Challenges, Opportunities and Strategies; Tehran: Allame Tabatabaei University; 2023.
14-Dehghani KH, Zare A, Dehghani H & et al. Drug abuse prevalence and risk factors in students of Shaheed Sadoughi university of medical sciences, Yazd. SSU_Journals. 2010;18(3):164-9.
15-Bayani A, Ahmadi RaA, Alirezza Esmaili. Lived experiences of young addicts about the role of social support in preventing addiction relapse. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy 2023;14(56):67-101.
16-Parvizi S, Ahmadi F, Nikbakht Nasrabadi AR. Adolescents’ perspectives on addiction: a qualitative study. Iranian Journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology. 2005;3(3):250.
17-Mauri MC, Cirnigliaro G, Piccoli E & et al. Substance abuse associated with aggressive/violent behaviors in psychiatric outpatients and related psychotropic prescription. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2023;21(6):4071-84.
18-Behravan H, Mir-Anvaari SA. A sociological analysis of drug addict’s relapse in the therapeutic community of Mashhad, Iran. Journal of Social Problems of Iran. 2010;1(1).
19-Rahimi Movaghar A, Malayerikhah Langroodi Z, Delbarpour Ahmadi S & et al. A qualitative study of specific needs of women for treatment of addiction. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2011;17(2):116-25.
20-Frew JR. Reducing the stigma of perinatal substance use disorders: The time is now. Archives of Women's Mental Health. 2023;26(3):411-3.
21-Javanian M, Bayani M, Shokri M & et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2020;58(3):161-7.
22-Soltani B, Mohammadi F. Effective factors of youth and women turning to addiction and delinquency and ways to prevent it in Ravansar city. Journal of New Advances in Behavioral Sciences. 2022;7(55):449-56.
23-Almerie MQ, Matar HE, Salam M & et al. Cigarettes and waterpipe smoking among medical students in Syria: a cross-sectional study. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. 2008;12(9):1085-91.
24-Esteban J, Suárez‐Relinque C, Jiménez TI. Effects of family therapy for substance abuse: A systematic review of recent research. Family process. 2023;62(1):49-73.
25-Lapham SC, Smith E, C'De Baca J & et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among persons convicted of driving while impaired. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001;58(10):943-9.
26-Ghaleiha A, Farhadi Nasab A, Zarabian MK & et al. Comparative survey of mental disorders and personality characteristics in persons with drug dependent and non drug dependent in Hamadan, Iran. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2008;15(2):40.7-2.
27-Henkel D. Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010). Current drug abuse reviews. 2011;4(1):4-27.
28-Meymandi MS, Ziaeddini H, Yazdi AS. Opinion of high school students of Kerman towards affecting factors on narcotics tendency (2005). JQUMS. 2008;12:8-80.
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Received: 2023/12/6 | Accepted: 2024/03/2 | Published: 2024/04/27
Received: 2023/12/6 | Accepted: 2024/03/2 | Published: 2024/04/27
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