Volume 19, Issue 6 (2-2021)
TB 2021, 19(6): 108-120 |
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Mohajeri L, Zahed M A, Pakravan M. Health and Well-being Challenges of Workers on the Upstream Sector in the Oil and Gas Industry. TB 2021; 19 (6) :108-120
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3188-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3188-en.html
, mohajerileila@yahoo.com
Keywords: Occupational safe and health, Oil and gas industry, Exploration and production, offshore oil rigs, Health safety environment
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Workers’ Health and Well-being Challenges in the Upstream Sector in Oil and Gas Industry
Leila Mohajeri(Ph.D.)1, Mohammad Ali Zahed(Ph.D.)2, Morteza Pakravan(Ph.D.)3
1. Corresponding Author: PhD. Enviromental Engineer,HSE Group, Ostovan Kish Drilling Company (OKDC), Tehran, Iran. Email: mohajerileila@yahoo.com Tel: 09120253713
2. Assistant Professor of Environmental sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3. P.hD., of Business Administration, Chife Executive Officer, Ostovan Kish Drilling Company (OKDC), Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Occupational nature, strenuous physical activity, shift work, spatial and geographical location, as well as support facilities and equipment pose greater risks on individuals in the oil and gas industry, especially on those engaged in offshore oil exploration and production activities. The purpose of this study was to explain the issue of workers’ health and well-being employed in the oil and gas industry with regard to the accidents in this industry. Another aim was to provide a better and more effective health safety environment by modeling events in other countries.
Methods: This review article analyzed the health problems of oil and gas workers. The research question was ‘what are the issues and challenges of the upstream sector of oil and gas industry in the field of employees’ welfare?’ To this end, physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic risk factors were investigated. Moreover, the specific problems of the drilling industry (restrictions on offshore work, psychological hazards, stresses from frequent relocations, and sleep quality to choose from) were emphasized.
Results: Physical, chemical, and biological hazards were identified as the most important hazards. In addition, psychological hazards had a very serious effect on the workers’ health and safety.
Conclusion: Effective methods of health safety environment management include: performing systematic assessment of health risks, investigating personnel health, conducting training programs, and performing accident analysis.
Keywords: Occupational safe and health, Oil and gas industry, Exploration and production, offshore oil rigs, Health safety environment.
1- Asad M, Razali H, Sherwani F, Soomro Q M, Sohu S, Lakhiar M T. Oil and Gas Disasters and Industrial Hazards Associated with Drilling Operation: An Extensive Literature Review. In 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), Malaysia 2019; 1-6. IEEE.
2- HSC, Health and safety commission Annual report 1996; London HSE Books.
3-Mette J, Velasco Garrido M, Harth V, Preisser AM, Mache S. Healthy offshore workforce A qualitative study on offshore wind employees’ occupational strain, health, and coping. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18(1): 172.
4- Niven K, McLeod R. Offshore industry: management of health hazards in the upstream petroleum industry. Occupational medicine. 2009; 59(5):304-9.
5-Asad M, Razali H, Mehmood Soomro Q, Sherwani F, Aamir M. Identification of Hazardous Nature of Well Drilling Operation With Associated Potential Hazards at Oil and Gas Extraction Industries: an Explanatory Approach. 4th Scientific Conference on Occupational Safety and Health: Sci- COSH, Pakistan 2016 December.2016; 85-92.
6-Yang Y. Reforming Health, Safety, and Environmental Regulation for Offshore Operations in China: Risk and Resilience Approaches Sustainability.2019;11(9) :1-13.
7-Naji GM, Isha AN, Abd SM. The Role of HR Strategy on Safety Culture and Psychological Stress among Employees in the Upstream Oil and Gas Companies: a Conceptual Review. Solid State Technology.2020:63(5):9118-28.
8- Roberts R, Flin R. Unlocking the Potential: Understanding the Psychological Factors That Influence Technology Adoption in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry. SPE Journal. 2020:25(01):515-28.
9-Taiwo AS. The influence of work environment on workers productivity: A case of selected oil and gas industry in Lagos, Nigeria. African journal of business management.2010;4(3);299-307.
10-Rothstein NH. Optimizing sleep for an optimal workforce in the oil, gas and mining industries.Target Logistics White Paper. Target Logistics Management LLC. 2013;10(13):1-14.
11-Parkes KR. Shift schedules on North Sea oil/gas installations: A systematic review of their impact on performance, safety and health. Safety science.2012;50(7):1636-51.
12-Oppong S. Common health, safety and environmental concerns in upstream oil and gas sector: Implications for HSE management in Ghana. Academicus International Scientific Journal.2014;(9):92–105.
13- França JE, Hollnagel E, Dos Santos IJ, Haddad AN. Analysing human factors and non-technical skills in offshore drilling operations using FRAM (functional resonance analysis method). Cognition, Technology & Work. 2020;(20):1-4.
14- Conway PM, Høgh A, Balducci C, Ebbesen DK. Workplace bullying and mental health. Pathways of job-related negative behaviour.2021;(2):101-28.
15- Shortz A E, Mehta R K, Peres S C, Benden M E, Zheng Q. Development of the Fatigue Risk Assessment and Management in High-Risk Environments (FRAME) Survey: A Participatory Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(4):522.
16- Chen WQ, Yu ITS, Wong T W. Impact of occupational stress and other psychosocial factors on musculoskeletal pain among Chinese offshore oil installation workers. Occupational and Environmental Med.2005;(62):251-6.
17- Naafs M AB. Occupational Diseases in the Petrochemical Sector and Offshore Upstream Petroleum Industry, Progress in Petrochemical Science.2018;2(2):1-12.
18-King BS, West C, Gibbins JD, Wiegand DM, Evans SM. Health hazard evaluation of deepwater horizon response workers. Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 2010-0115 & 2010-0129-3138. U.S.A: CDC publication;2011;1-24.
19-Yadav UK, Dewan R, Verma N, Singh A. Prominent Safety and Health Hazards During Crude Extraction: A Review of Process. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. 2021;(3):1-6.
20-Kim I. Ergonomic involvement for occupational safety and health improvements in the oil and gas industry. J Ergon.2016;6(3):154.
21-koye EA, Ugbebor J, Adaramola S. Assessing the Effectiveness of Ergonomics Practices in Selected Workplaces in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Proceeding of the SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, Lagos, Nigeria, August 2018.
22- Ross J K. Offshore industry shift work–health and social considerations. Occup. Med. (Lond.) 2009;59(5):310-315.
23- Balderas J, Gelpke D, Salawage C. Properly Designed PPE for the Oil and Gas Industry. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Proceeding of the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April.2010.
24-Nævestad TO, Phillips RO, Størkersen KV, Laiou A, Yannis G. Safety culture in maritime transport in Norway and Greece: Exploring national, sectorial and organizational influences on unsafe behaviours and work accidents. Marine Policy. 2019;1(99):1-3.
25-Downie M, Gosling D. Offshore Helicopter Travel: Is the UK Oil and Gas Industry Failing Workers?. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy. 2020;29(4):504-18.
26-De Oliveira Neto RO, dos Santos MB, de Almeida Rodrigues T, Santos JG, Ricci LM. Risk Management in Personal Transfer Activities Using Aerial Baskets and Surfer Boats in Offshore Units. InOccupational and Environmental Safety and Health 2019;(202): 97-104. Springer, Cham.
27-Crowther ME, Ferguson SA, Vincent GE, Reynolds AC. Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Chronic Disease Risk Factors and Sleep in Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clocks & Sleep. 2021;3(1):132-84.
28-Parkes KR. Shift schedules on North Sea oil/gas installations: A systematic review of their impact on performance, safety and health. Safety science. 2012;50(7):1636-51.
29-Mearns K, Flin R. Risk perception and attitudes to safety by personnel in the offshore oil and gas industry: a review. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries. 1995;8(5):299-305.
30-Brkic D, Praks P. Proper Use of Technical Standards in Offshore Petroleum Industry. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020;8(8):555.
Leila Mohajeri(Ph.D.)1, Mohammad Ali Zahed(Ph.D.)2, Morteza Pakravan(Ph.D.)3
1. Corresponding Author: PhD. Enviromental Engineer,HSE Group, Ostovan Kish Drilling Company (OKDC), Tehran, Iran. Email: mohajerileila@yahoo.com Tel: 09120253713
2. Assistant Professor of Environmental sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3. P.hD., of Business Administration, Chife Executive Officer, Ostovan Kish Drilling Company (OKDC), Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Occupational nature, strenuous physical activity, shift work, spatial and geographical location, as well as support facilities and equipment pose greater risks on individuals in the oil and gas industry, especially on those engaged in offshore oil exploration and production activities. The purpose of this study was to explain the issue of workers’ health and well-being employed in the oil and gas industry with regard to the accidents in this industry. Another aim was to provide a better and more effective health safety environment by modeling events in other countries.
Methods: This review article analyzed the health problems of oil and gas workers. The research question was ‘what are the issues and challenges of the upstream sector of oil and gas industry in the field of employees’ welfare?’ To this end, physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic risk factors were investigated. Moreover, the specific problems of the drilling industry (restrictions on offshore work, psychological hazards, stresses from frequent relocations, and sleep quality to choose from) were emphasized.
Results: Physical, chemical, and biological hazards were identified as the most important hazards. In addition, psychological hazards had a very serious effect on the workers’ health and safety.
Conclusion: Effective methods of health safety environment management include: performing systematic assessment of health risks, investigating personnel health, conducting training programs, and performing accident analysis.
Keywords: Occupational safe and health, Oil and gas industry, Exploration and production, offshore oil rigs, Health safety environment.
1- Asad M, Razali H, Sherwani F, Soomro Q M, Sohu S, Lakhiar M T. Oil and Gas Disasters and Industrial Hazards Associated with Drilling Operation: An Extensive Literature Review. In 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), Malaysia 2019; 1-6. IEEE.
2- HSC, Health and safety commission Annual report 1996; London HSE Books.
3-Mette J, Velasco Garrido M, Harth V, Preisser AM, Mache S. Healthy offshore workforce A qualitative study on offshore wind employees’ occupational strain, health, and coping. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18(1): 172.
4- Niven K, McLeod R. Offshore industry: management of health hazards in the upstream petroleum industry. Occupational medicine. 2009; 59(5):304-9.
5-Asad M, Razali H, Mehmood Soomro Q, Sherwani F, Aamir M. Identification of Hazardous Nature of Well Drilling Operation With Associated Potential Hazards at Oil and Gas Extraction Industries: an Explanatory Approach. 4th Scientific Conference on Occupational Safety and Health: Sci- COSH, Pakistan 2016 December.2016; 85-92.
6-Yang Y. Reforming Health, Safety, and Environmental Regulation for Offshore Operations in China: Risk and Resilience Approaches Sustainability.2019;11(9) :1-13.
7-Naji GM, Isha AN, Abd SM. The Role of HR Strategy on Safety Culture and Psychological Stress among Employees in the Upstream Oil and Gas Companies: a Conceptual Review. Solid State Technology.2020:63(5):9118-28.
8- Roberts R, Flin R. Unlocking the Potential: Understanding the Psychological Factors That Influence Technology Adoption in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry. SPE Journal. 2020:25(01):515-28.
9-Taiwo AS. The influence of work environment on workers productivity: A case of selected oil and gas industry in Lagos, Nigeria. African journal of business management.2010;4(3);299-307.
10-Rothstein NH. Optimizing sleep for an optimal workforce in the oil, gas and mining industries.Target Logistics White Paper. Target Logistics Management LLC. 2013;10(13):1-14.
11-Parkes KR. Shift schedules on North Sea oil/gas installations: A systematic review of their impact on performance, safety and health. Safety science.2012;50(7):1636-51.
12-Oppong S. Common health, safety and environmental concerns in upstream oil and gas sector: Implications for HSE management in Ghana. Academicus International Scientific Journal.2014;(9):92–105.
13- França JE, Hollnagel E, Dos Santos IJ, Haddad AN. Analysing human factors and non-technical skills in offshore drilling operations using FRAM (functional resonance analysis method). Cognition, Technology & Work. 2020;(20):1-4.
14- Conway PM, Høgh A, Balducci C, Ebbesen DK. Workplace bullying and mental health. Pathways of job-related negative behaviour.2021;(2):101-28.
15- Shortz A E, Mehta R K, Peres S C, Benden M E, Zheng Q. Development of the Fatigue Risk Assessment and Management in High-Risk Environments (FRAME) Survey: A Participatory Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(4):522.
16- Chen WQ, Yu ITS, Wong T W. Impact of occupational stress and other psychosocial factors on musculoskeletal pain among Chinese offshore oil installation workers. Occupational and Environmental Med.2005;(62):251-6.
17- Naafs M AB. Occupational Diseases in the Petrochemical Sector and Offshore Upstream Petroleum Industry, Progress in Petrochemical Science.2018;2(2):1-12.
18-King BS, West C, Gibbins JD, Wiegand DM, Evans SM. Health hazard evaluation of deepwater horizon response workers. Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 2010-0115 & 2010-0129-3138. U.S.A: CDC publication;2011;1-24.
19-Yadav UK, Dewan R, Verma N, Singh A. Prominent Safety and Health Hazards During Crude Extraction: A Review of Process. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention. 2021;(3):1-6.
20-Kim I. Ergonomic involvement for occupational safety and health improvements in the oil and gas industry. J Ergon.2016;6(3):154.
21-koye EA, Ugbebor J, Adaramola S. Assessing the Effectiveness of Ergonomics Practices in Selected Workplaces in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Proceeding of the SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition, Lagos, Nigeria, August 2018.
22- Ross J K. Offshore industry shift work–health and social considerations. Occup. Med. (Lond.) 2009;59(5):310-315.
23- Balderas J, Gelpke D, Salawage C. Properly Designed PPE for the Oil and Gas Industry. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Proceeding of the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, April.2010.
24-Nævestad TO, Phillips RO, Størkersen KV, Laiou A, Yannis G. Safety culture in maritime transport in Norway and Greece: Exploring national, sectorial and organizational influences on unsafe behaviours and work accidents. Marine Policy. 2019;1(99):1-3.
25-Downie M, Gosling D. Offshore Helicopter Travel: Is the UK Oil and Gas Industry Failing Workers?. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy. 2020;29(4):504-18.
26-De Oliveira Neto RO, dos Santos MB, de Almeida Rodrigues T, Santos JG, Ricci LM. Risk Management in Personal Transfer Activities Using Aerial Baskets and Surfer Boats in Offshore Units. InOccupational and Environmental Safety and Health 2019;(202): 97-104. Springer, Cham.
27-Crowther ME, Ferguson SA, Vincent GE, Reynolds AC. Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Chronic Disease Risk Factors and Sleep in Shift Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clocks & Sleep. 2021;3(1):132-84.
28-Parkes KR. Shift schedules on North Sea oil/gas installations: A systematic review of their impact on performance, safety and health. Safety science. 2012;50(7):1636-51.
29-Mearns K, Flin R. Risk perception and attitudes to safety by personnel in the offshore oil and gas industry: a review. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries. 1995;8(5):299-305.
30-Brkic D, Praks P. Proper Use of Technical Standards in Offshore Petroleum Industry. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020;8(8):555.
Type of Study: Research |
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Received: 2021/03/9 | Accepted: 2021/03/10 | Published: 2021/02/28
Received: 2021/03/9 | Accepted: 2021/03/10 | Published: 2021/02/28
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