The Journal of

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Background: Dyes have complicated structure, are usually toxic and resistant to biological treatment which entere into environment by industrial waste streams. The aim of this study was the removal of reactive red 198 dye (RR 198) by photolysis (UV) and photocatalytical (TiO2/UVC) processes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dye concentration, pH, TiO₂ dose, and contact time.

Methods: The study was carried out by drawing on batch reactor. Synthetic wastewater was prepared by solving of RR198 in tap water.Dye concentration was determined with spectrophotometer on 518 nm.

Results: The results of this study show that Tio₂/UV process is more effective than UV-C process alone. The results of the study also show that constant rate of photochemical degradation in acidic pH and during photocatalytic degradation process was 0.0019 and o.0381 min^_1, respectively. Photolysis and photocatalytic degradation of considered dye follow the first order kinetic model. Increasing 0f Tio₂ dose from 0.4 to 10 gr led to Increasing of dye removal efficiency from 97.8 to 100%. Increasing of dye concentration from 100 to 250 mg/l and pH from 4 to 10 led to decreasing of dye degradation efficiency from 100 to 97.66 and from 100 to 94.6, respectively. The best efficiency was at pH=4.

Conclusion: Removal of RR 198 with photolysis and photocatalitical processes has the best efficiency in acidic condition (pH=4) among which the TiO2/UVC process is better than the UVC.

 

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  Background: Using natural methods such as constructed wetland is one of the methods for municipal wastewater treatment that has the capacity of reducing costs of treatment and improving environment. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of sub-surface constructed wetland in wastewater treatment in Yazd.

  Methods: This is an experimental study aimed of to determine the efficacy of sub-surface constructed wetland for the removal of COD ,BOD₅, TSS, PO₄-P ,NH₃-N ,NO₃-N , Total coli form and Fecal coli form Parameters. For this two reactors were constructed as pilot with retention time for 4 days. Within 2 months, samples were taken from the input and output reactors according to standard methods and were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS ver 11.5 and Excel 2003 .

  Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency of COD, BOD₅, TSS, PO₄-P, NH₃-N, NO₃-N, Total coli form and Fecal coli form Parameters in Cyperus Alternifolius was 74, 73, 84, 40, 36, 33, 70 and 38% respectively, and in control wetland was 44, 34, 77, 15, 0.3, 1, 17 and 26% respectively.

  Conclusion: According to the findings, sub-surface constructed wetland has high efficiency in removing organic matter and solids and can be used, in Iran, for agriculture and irrigation . Also this plant has a high efficiency in removing nutrients and total Coli forms and fecal Coli forms . However more studies can be done on the effectiveness of this method to remove nutrients, heavy metals , parasites , parasite eggs and Intestinal virus .

   Natural treatment, Wetland, Cyperus Alternifolius

  

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Abstract

Background: To protect against the adverse effects of heavy metals on human health, investigation of heavy metal contents in cigarettes and aromatic tobaccos is essential. The aim of this study was to assess heavy metals in some highly-used samples of cigarettes and aromatic tobaccos in the Iranian market.

Methods: In this study, 9 cigarette and 3 aromatic tobacco samples found in the Iranian market were selected because of their very high use and their level of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe) were determined. Heavy metal contents of the samples were detected by using acid digestion method and with a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). To determine confidence and accuracy of the results, all testes were carried out twice by two series of samples.

Results: The Fe (473.45±78.28) and chromium (1.33±0.03) had maximum and minimum average concentrations in all cigarette samples, respectively. Statistical tests did not show any significant difference between average concentrations of heavy metals in Iranian and imported cigarettes and aromatic tobaccos samples (P >0.05).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the heavy metals are present in some highly-used samples of cigarettes and aromatic tobaccos found in the Iranian market. Thus regarding the importance of human health, this problem should be considered seriously.

 

                                                            

 

 

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Introduction: Cadmium is a heavy metal with high toxicity and is best known as a carcinogen element. For protecting human health and environment it is necessary to remove excess Cadmium from industrial wastewater before discharging it to surface and ground water. In this study the efficiency of Zinc Oxides Nanoparticles in Cadmium removal from aqueous solution was evaluated. Methods: This is a laboratory experimental study. Adsorption tests were performed in a batch reactor in a laboratory scale using zinc oxide nanoparticles and the effect of initial cadmium concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time on the removal efficiency was studied. Theresidual cadmium concentration in the solutionwas determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy Varian AA20 made in Australia. Finally for designing graphs, we used Excel software. Results: The results indicated that the adsorption process is affected by different parameters such as initial pollutant concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time and Cadmiumremoval efficiency increases with increasing adsorbent dose and reaction time and decreases with increasing initial concentration of Cadmium. Therefore, it is observed that by raising the initial Cadmium concentration, the adsorption rate increases. The maximum efficiency of adsorptionin pH=7amounted to 89.6%. Conclusion: It is concluded that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have proper efficiency in removal of Cadmium from aqueous solutions and can be used in the treatment of wastewater that contains ion Cadmium. However, its efficiency is deeply dependent on ion strength and the interaction of other metals in wastewater.

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Introduction: One of the most important factors for disease risk is the undesirable health condition of the houses. The dark, damp and unsanitary house exposes residents to TB. As the housing status is crucial in establishing the conditions for the transmission of TB, this study was designed to survey the situation of housing environmental health of tuberculosis patients in Yazd on transmission of communicable diseases according to World Health Organization standards in 2010. Methods: In this descriptive study, the housing status of all TB patients of Yazd in 86 cases were collected through a questionnaire survey, observation, and measurement. Results: Results showed that the houses in 22.1 % of cases were made of adobe and mud, 3.55% having average density of room, 50% of houses had insufficient natural light, 54.7 % had unfavorable natural ventilation, and 26.7 %, inadequate heating appliances. Also 32.6 % of the floor, 32.6 % of the walls, 37.2 % of the ceilings, 22.1 % of the sewage disposal, 12.8 % of drinking water, 20.9% of garbage collection, 11.6% of keeping-pet places, and 20.9% of waste disposal were in unhealthy conditions. In addition, 2.3% of these houses lacked toilet and 7% lacked bathroom. Conclusions: Comparing the housing condition of people with TB via the existing standards, the status is assessed as unfavorable. Thus improvement of the tuberculosis condition calls for the education programs to inform people of such disadvantages. Also the attention of housing stakeholders and relevant agencies should be drawn to help low-income people.

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Abstract Introduction: Selection and employment of clerks and managers is a crucial factor in modern organization and, recruiters try to select the best candidates in all organizational levels. One challenge which has been harmful for management stability is Similar-to-me (STM) effect. This effect explains that people usually tend to select a person with whom they have common demographic and attitudinal characteristics. Determination of all factors and challenges related to STM was the main objective of the present study. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study performed on all managers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). A four-dimension questionnaire was applied with more than 0.7 α Chronbach coefficient for all dimensions. Moreover, its content validity was approved by experts’ perspectives. SPSS 18 and Person correlation were used in to analyze the data. Results: According to the results obtained with the participation of 60 mangers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, narcissism had a significant correlation with STM effect (0.805). Also a positive correlation was observed between STM and groupthinking (0.875). Another result of the current research was the negative impact of functional conflict on STM (-0.685) Conclusion: Findings of the study revealed that the destructive consequences of similar-to-me effect through narcissism, groupthinking and functional conflict avoidance can affect the performance of SUMS managers negatively. These behaviors should be studied and prevented in order to achieve the goals of this system in the future.

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Introduction: The family physician system is among the most fundamental developments of Iran's health system in the recent years and customer’s satisfaction should be considered in the design of the system. This study aimed to investigate the customers' satisfaction from family physician services in the rural health centers related to Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences- 2012. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 266 individuals of rural customers in Sabzevar were selected using clustered random sampling method. Data were gathered using a Questionnaire and then were analyzed by descriptive statistics and SPSS 11. Results: Excellent satisfaction from family physician services was as the following: 40.2% good, 15.8% moderate, and 0.4% weak. Excellent satisfaction was observed in Khoshab, Rodab, and Davarzan respectively (40.2%, 30.1%, and 29.7%).There was no statistical significant relationship between satisfactions and demographic factors. Conclusion: All in all, the family physician in Sabzevar has been successful and with modification of some defects based on feedback from the recipients of services, satisfaction will be even higher.

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Introduction: The members of local Organizations in rural regions of Iran can have an effective role in the improvement of health programs due to their resources and logistical influence. Favorable collaboration of them needs sufficienet familiarity and information about the objectives and principles of health programs. This study was Performed to asses the level of familiarity in members of local organizations about the Family Physician (FP) Program and Rural Insurance in Northen Provinces of Iran. Methods: This Cross-Sectional Study was Performed in the Second half of the year 2012. % 25 of health Centers doing FP Program in three Provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran, Gillan (totally 139 Centers out of 552 units). In each selected center, available members of dispute resolation council, village coucil, health council, village magor, school manager and native teacher were enrolled in the research. A researcher- made questinnaire which its validity and reliability were Confirmed was used for data gathering. Data analysis was Performed by SPSS17 with Significant level of P<0.05. Results: 521 (84.7%) individuals (out of 601 members of local organizations) were male. The age range was 19-81 years. Mean and standard deviation of participants age was 45±9.7 years. 47.1% of persons had academic education level. Out of total score 27, mean and SD of the familiarity in village magor was 12.4±4, in health council’s members 11.6±3.7, in village council’s members 11.4±4.1, in school managers 10.6±3.3. in dispute resolation council’s members 10.5±5.1 and in native teachers was 8.8±4.9. There were significant relationships between the level of familiarity and being participated in trustees council of the health center, sex and the work type of local organization (p<0.05). There were no signification relationships between the level of familiarity, education, the prevince of living and the marriage status (p>0.05). Conclusion: This Study Showed that the level of familiarity of members of local organizations in rural regions of Iran is not sufficient and interventional Programs must be Planned and Performed for improvement.

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Introduction: Heavy metals like Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead and Mercury are regarded as the most common heavy metals in the environment which can enter the food chain via various routs and may cause a great number of disorders within humans. Besides these heavy metals, such metals as Zinc and Copper can be dangerous in excess amounts. Edible salt, as one of the main additives, can contain these heavy metals. Hence, this study aimed to determine the contamination of heavy metals in edible salts of Isfahan market in 2011.

Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 15 packets of refined table salt and 5 packets of unrefined ones were analyzed. Accuracy of the analysis was assured through repeated analysis of five samples. The heavy metal contents of salts were measured via a flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Moreover, SPSS software was applied to analyze the data utilizing t-test.

Results: The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cu and Zn in the refined table salt were 0.15, 0.57, 0.69, 0.061, and 0.87µg/g, whereas their mean concentrations were reported 6.34, 0.16, 0.61, 0.63, 0.058, 0.86 and 7.53 µg/g, respectively in the unrefined salt.

Conclusions: The study findings demonstrated that Arsenic and Mercury concentrations mean were reported higher than the standard in the available salt samples, whereas the concentrations of other heavy metals were observed lower than this extent in the refined and unrefined salts. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between mean concentrations of heavy metals in refined and unrefined edible salts. The estimated amount of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of these heavy metals was observed below the amount indicated by the guideline values. However, utilizing suitable methods is necessitated in order to  remove the mentioned pollutants of edible salt.

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Introduction: All organizations, whether public or private, necessitate performance evaluation systems in regard with growth, stability, and development in the competitive fields. One of the existing models for performance evaluation of occupational health and safety management is Total Quality Safety Management model (TQSM). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate performance of safety management and occupational health utilizing TQSM model.

Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, the population consisted of 16 individuals, including managers, supervisors, and members of technical protection and work health committee. Then the participants were asked to respond to TQSM questionnaire before and after the implementation of Occupational Health & Safety Advisory Services 18001 (OHSAS18001). Ultimately, the level of each program as well as the TQSM status were determined before and after the implementation of OHSAS18001.

Results: The study results showed that the scores obtained by the company before OHSAS 18001’s implementation, was 43.7 out of 312. After implementing OHSAS 18001 in the company and receiving the related certificate, the total score of safety program that company could obtain was 127.12 out of 312 demonstrating a rise of 83.42 scores (26.8%). The paired t-test revealed that mean difference of TQSM scores before and after OHSAS 18001 implementation was proved to be significant (p> 0.05).

Conclusion: The study findings demonstrated that TQSM can be regarded as an appropriate model in order to monitor the performance of safety management system and occupational health, since it possesses the ability to quantitatively evaluate the system performance.

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Abstract

Introduction: Considering the important role of industry in polluting the environment, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of chemical coagulation together with advanced oxidation (peroxone) regarding dye wastewater treatment of appliance factories.

Methods: This study was experimental, which it’s pilot-scale was conducted on the wastewater of the painting appliance Factory. The sample was selected via the combined sampling procedure. The processes used in the present study consisted of chemical coagulation and advanced oxidation (peroxone) processes and 250 samples were analyzed. MgCl₂, PAC and FeCl₃, Bentonite, Cationic Polymer were used for chemical coagulation. The used equipments consisted of Spectrophotometer DR 2000, Jar taste and a ozonation reactor. COD and dye of samples were measured according to standard method.

Results: The results revealed that each of the coagulants in its optimal pH were able to arrange the magnesium chloride 86.85%, poly aluminum chloride 88.47% and ferric chloride 85.41% in removal of COD. Poly aluminum chloride achieved the highest dye removal 90.92%. Furthermore, the highest COD removal efficiency was related to the combination of magnesium chloride (1.4 mg/l), poly aluminum chloride (0.6 mg/l) and cationic polymers (0.4 mg/l) with an efficiency of 89.11%, which managed to remove the dye up to 93.38%. COD removal efficiency reached to 99.67% using advanced oxidation process by peroxone method on pretreated wastewater (with chemical coagulation).

Conclusions: For better performance of peroxone treatment, the wastewater should be pretreated for removal of dissolved solids. As a result, due to its suspension status of using peroxone method together chemical coagulation has a high capability to remove COD and dye from appliance Factore ^,s wastewater.

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Introduction: The prevalence of job-related stress has been proved to be high within the dentists in different studies. This stress, resulted from such factors as poor lightening as well as noise of dental office, can cause emotional distress, threaten dentists’ physical health and affect their quality of life. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate dentists’ professional quality of life, job-related stress and two important workplace factors of lighting and noise.

Methods: In this analytical-descriptive and cross sectional study, the researcher visited the dental offices in Shiraz and measured lighting and noise of the places. Moreover, dentist's quality of life and job stress were determined using McGill quality of life questionnaire and job-stress questionnaire. The relationship between quantitative variables was determined using regression test and the multiple regression t est was also applied for the modeling process.

Results: The local noise mean cased by the dental drills was 75.5 and 74.5 in the public and private offices, respectively. In 2.2% of the dental offices, lightening condition was reported below the standard levels. The study results revealed that 58.9% of dentists participating in this study experienced good or fairly good quality of life.

Conclusion: The study findings suggested that workplace conditions were correlated with the dentists’ professional stress and quality of life. Training how to manage this psychological disorder can significantly reduce its destructive effects and as a result, quality of life can be increased.

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Abstract

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is regarded as one of the major preventable and treatable causes of physical disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the growth pattern of first 5-year life in children with congenital hypothyroidism in Yazd according to growth pattern of healthy children of World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods: This descriptive retrospective cohort study was performed on all the infants born within 2006- 2008, that had been diagnosed as a patient by a screening program. After taking inclusion and exclusion criteria into account, growth pattern of the infants' height, weight and head circumference within first 5-year of life was compared to that of normal children of WHO in terms of age and sex in 3,15,50,85, 97 percentiles.

Results: The study results revealed that pattern growth of height, weight and head circumference within girl patients was developed parallel with the growth pattern of healthy girls of WHO. Within the boys, linear pattern growth after 36 months, weight growth after 9 months and head circumference growth at 24 months was similar to the growth pattern of healthy boys of WHO.

Conclusions: The growth pattern in children with congenital hypothyroidism will develop towards normal growth pattern after treatment and medical care continuation.

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Introduction: The increasing use of industrial dairy products instead of traditional might resulted in elimination of probiotic bacteria. The purpose of this study was isolation and biochemical identification of potentially Probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional yogurt produced from milk of goat, cattle and sheep in Yazd province.

Methods:   96 yogurt samples ,33 each from  goats ,sheep and cow were collected from different parts of Yazd province. Samples were enriched in MRS broth, and then cultured on MRS agar.Suspected colonies were primary tested for catalase and gram stain. Lactic acid bacteria with probiotic characteristics were identified with biochemical tests including fermentation of carbohydrates, grown at 15 and 45 ° C, hydrolysis of arginine, gas production from glucose and their probiotic activity were investigated by means of resistance to acid and bile.

Results: In general out of 75 positive samples, 47 were identified as lactic acid bacteria on the bases of phenotype and biochemical tests, in which 24 were resistance to acid and out of these 12, were resistant to bile, which had a probiotics potential. Five of them were identified as Pediococcus acidilacticii, and isolated from Sheep and goat yogurt. Another 6 probiotic isolates belonged to the genus Lactobacillus and included as L. plantarum, L. brevis, L. fermentom and L. kefiri and isolated from goat and sheep yogurt Yazd province.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate high diversity of lactic acid bacteria in traditional yogurt in Yazd province

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Introduction: Traffic accidents are recognized the main causes of fatalities and injuries, as well as a worldwide public health problem. Among the many factors that contribute to accidents, risky behavior is the most common cause of them. This study aimed to investigate factors related lack of driving discipline among Yazd city drivers in 2014.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study has been performed on 373 drivers of Yazd in 2014. The sampling method was convenience. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS₁₆ software, using Pearson correlation tests, ANOVA, t-test and linear regression analysis.

Results: The data showed that average score of high-risk behavior was 81.41 and risk-taking attitudes and perceived risk were correlated with risky driving behavior significantly (p< 0.001). Among the variables entered into the regression model, risk-taking attitudes and risk perception could predict 35 percent of variance of risky behavior.) F= 27.2, R=0.59, R²= 0.35)

Conclusion: The results show that risky behaviors have influenced by risk-taking attitudes and perceived risk driving. So it is necessary to consider these factors in educational interventions

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Introduction: Nowadays, there are many efforts in different countries to identify hazardous road locations through different models in Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Our goal was to identify hazardous locations on a part of Yazd-Kerman highway located in Yazd province. It was by using hot zone method in GIS, and the relationship between these locations and environmental and demographic variables was assessed.

Methods: By using hot zone method, each road (Yazd-Kerman & Kerman-Yazd path) was divided into segments named Basic Spatial Units (BSUs). A BSU was defined as 1 Kilometer. For each BSU, variables such as number, time and cause of crashes, vehicle type, weather, age, sex and status of drivers were collected. The hazardous locations were classified in two definition groups as Hot Zones and Yellow Zones.

Results: According to results, 17% of total 212-kilometer road was identified as hazardous locations. The most drivers engaged in crashes in these locations (34%) were in age group of 31-40. Motorcars, trailers and trucks had the most crashes, respectively. The most frequently cause of crashes was non-attendance to front and miss control of vehicle. The most number of crashes were taken place in the sunny climate.

Conclusion: Considering that hazardous locations increase near entrances, exits and junctions, it seems that paying attention to road design principles may cause a great reduction in the crash rate. A safe design also can reduce the effect of environmental factors such as weather, time and even vehicle type. Furthermore a good training program, especially for age 21-40, may have a great role in minimize the human errors in crash occurrence.

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Introduction: The high prevalence of hypertension all over the world and serious side effects is a major health problem in all societies. To reduce these effects, control of blood pressure is very important. Regular physical activity is one of the most effective strategies to reduce the risk of some noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular. The present study aimed to determine the effect of training of physical activity based on Trans-theoretical Model for controlling blood pressure.

Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 patients with high blood pressure were selected by sampling method and randomly divided into either control or interventional groups. The means of Data collection was multi-part questionnaire that was included demographic characteristics, stages of change questions and factors affecting the Trans-theoretical model and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Questionnaires completed for two groups and then educational intervention was done in the intervention group. After two months, questionnaires were completed for both groups again. Data were analyzed in SPSS and t-test and Chi-square were used according to the data distribution.

Results: Statistical analysis didn't show a significant difference between the two groups before the education regarding their stages of change, Decisional balance, physical activity, blood pressure and processes of change (p<0.005).

After education, average scores of all the above-mentioned variables increased meaningfully, in the interventional group. (p<0.005).

Conclusion: Education and intervention based on Trance theoretical Model, results to physical activity behaviors promotion and reduce high blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

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Introduction: Heavy metals owing to their health hazards and high toxicity in low concentration for human and environment have very concern and attention. Slow sand filter is one of the simple and cost-effective for removal of these pollutants. In this method, media play an important role for removal of pollutant. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigation of different media like slag, zeolite, and conventional media in slow sand filter for removal of lead and cadmium.

Methods: In this research there are three beds filter include typical filter bed, slag and zeolite that used in pilot plant for investigation of lead and cadmium removal at three concentration of 0.1T 1 and 10 ppm. Each of filters has an internal diameter of 8 cm and a height of 120 cm with Plexiglas, which have a continuous flow operation.

Results: The removal efficiency of turbidity by three typical filter bed, slag, and zeolite with initial turbidity of 13 NTU was 46%, 77%, and 89% respectively. Removal efficiency of lead without turbidity was 70.3%, 79%, and 59.8% respectively for 0.1 ppm lead. For 1 ppm, concentration of lead removal efficiency was 51.8%, 52.7% and 52.6% respectively and for 10 ppm it was 53.4%, 57.8%, and 59.8% respectively. Cadmium removal for these media was 23.4%, 37.5%, and 59.4% respectively at 0.1 ppm cadmium. At 1 ppm of cadmium concentration, it was 37.9%, 45% and 41.3% respectively and at 10 ppm concentration of cadmium it was 68.3%, 68.6% and 67% respectively.

Conclusion: Slag and zeolite beds are more efficiently than the conventional sand beds in the slow sand filter, so it can be used instead of the usual sand for removing lead and cadmium from resources water.

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Abstract

Introduction: Water turbidity is caused by some particles, organic compounds and microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of magnetic nanoparticles coated with chitosan as a cationic polymer in turbidity removal from aqueous solution.

Methods: In this empirical study, the chemical co-precipitation technique was used to synthesize the magnetic nanoparticles coated by chitosan polymer. The effect of magnetite nanoparticles doses (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l), pH(in the range of 4, 6, 7 and 9), settling time (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min), external magnetic field strength(in the range of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.7 Tesla) and initial various turbidity values (250, 500, 750 and 1000 NTU) were studied.

Results: The study results showed that increasing the dose of nanoparticles, settling time, the external magnetic field, and the acidic conditions in the pH range of 5-6 were considered as the agents of increasing turbidity removal performance by chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Using the studied nanoparticles in the optimal conditions, the water turbidity decreased up to 99.5%.

Conclusion: As the study findings revealed chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles showed a good performance in turbidity removal from aqueous solutions. Using the external magnetic field could significantly reduce the settling time of magnetic flocs. As a result, simultaneous use of the studied magnetic nanoparticles with the external magnetic field can significantly reduce the turbidity of high turbid waters.

 

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Abstract

Introduction: Studies show that parents of children with autism disorders are more exposed to the stress of having disabled children than the parents of children with other psychological disorders.

All the problems of these children can endanger the quality of life and happiness of their families.

The more the ability of people for coping, so the present study with the aim of studying Effectiveness of Cognitive Group Therapy on Quality of Life and Happiness among Mothers of Autistic Children was done.

Methods: The aim of the present study was to examine effectiveness of cognitive group therapy on quality of life and happiness among mothers of autistic children in Shiraz. This study was an experimental study with pretest and posttest with control group design. At first the Quality of Life Questionnaire and Happiness Inventory were administered to mothers of autistic children and after analyzing the data 30 mothers of autistic children who gained lower scores on these tests were selected based on simple random sampling and assigned two groups; experimental and control. The experimental group underwent treatment method for 12 sessions with two month follow up study, but the control group did not receive any treatment.

Finding; Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and showed that there was a significant positive correlation between cognitive group therapy and improvement in quality of life and happiness in mothers with autistic children. Follow up studies showed that cognitive group therapy had a significant effect on in quality of life and happiness in the control sample.

Conclusion: The results showed that the intervention which has been done could improve the quality of life and its dimensions in parents of children with autism, resulting in the increasing happiness of the  parents. Hence, this method of therapy can be used as therapy, either alone or in conjunction with other forms of mental health treatment, to supply the mental health of future children and adults