The Journal of

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  Background: There is no doubt that one of the effective factors in implementation of projects that have potential hazard can cause irreversible losses. Therefore recognizing potential hazards is of paramount importance.

  Method: The present descriptive-analysis study was conducted at Rudbar Lorestan Dam constructional projects. For recognizing potential hazard in tunneling activities, job safety analysis (JSA) was performed according to OSHA 3071 method and for observing this purpose, the risk assessment matrix was carried out on the basis of MIL-STD-882E standard. Combination of severity and probability of each risk makes it possible to determine the risk level and the priority of control measures, qualitatively rating from 1-24.

  Results: Generally, a total of 232 risk factors were identified in different activities. As results show, %15.9 of recognized risks were serious, %17.3 almost serious, %38.4 medium and %28.4 were in low level. Therefore more than one-third hazards are assessed as unacceptable. Work at heights without using proper lifting, lack of equipment of tunneling treatmentolagy, delay in unstable rock mass support can be enumerated as the causative factors.

  Conclusion: A llocating a percentage of the budget of every construction project to provide safety and rescue equipment as well as experienced safety experts can significantly reduce the risk level.

  For assessment criteria, MIL-STD-882E standard was used and four indices were presented for decision making: serious, almost serious, medium, and low.

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  Background: The need for high-quality education and setting principles and practices for enhancing educational policy and practice using modern techniques is self-evident. The entrance of students into the factories is sometimes limited, and of particular concern is that students likely face danger by their presence at the workplace. A review of the related literature revealed no research involving simulations of airborne particles in the occupational health labs in our country. The aim of this study was to design a producer and simulator of airborne pollutants for measuring gases, vapors and particles in the lab.

  Method: First, a comprehensive search was performed through different and present modern laboratory systems for generation and collection of dust. Then, interviews were carried out with stakeholders researchers lecturers our colleagues and students. Later, the laboratory chamber for simulation was designed and assembled.

  Results: This paper describes laboratory chamber for simulation. It is possible to suspend dust, vapors and gases inside the chamber for measurement. The assessment of dispersed dusts inside the chamber showed relative steady concentration of respirable dust the average of which was 24.3 mg/m3 after 20 minutes.

  Conclusion: Satisfaction of occupational health students about good performance of chamber for teaching of sampling method indicates that this chamber can be used in all occupational labs for enhancing education quality without taking students to the field .

  

 

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Introduction: Nowadays, there are many efforts in different countries to identify hazardous road locations through different models in Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Our goal was to identify hazardous locations on a part of Yazd-Kerman highway located in Yazd province. It was by using hot zone method in GIS, and the relationship between these locations and environmental and demographic variables was assessed.

Methods: By using hot zone method, each road (Yazd-Kerman & Kerman-Yazd path) was divided into segments named Basic Spatial Units (BSUs). A BSU was defined as 1 Kilometer. For each BSU, variables such as number, time and cause of crashes, vehicle type, weather, age, sex and status of drivers were collected. The hazardous locations were classified in two definition groups as Hot Zones and Yellow Zones.

Results: According to results, 17% of total 212-kilometer road was identified as hazardous locations. The most drivers engaged in crashes in these locations (34%) were in age group of 31-40. Motorcars, trailers and trucks had the most crashes, respectively. The most frequently cause of crashes was non-attendance to front and miss control of vehicle. The most number of crashes were taken place in the sunny climate.

Conclusion: Considering that hazardous locations increase near entrances, exits and junctions, it seems that paying attention to road design principles may cause a great reduction in the crash rate. A safe design also can reduce the effect of environmental factors such as weather, time and even vehicle type. Furthermore a good training program, especially for age 21-40, may have a great role in minimize the human errors in crash occurrence.

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Introduction: One of the major problems in industrialized societies is occupational stress. This problem is associated with an increase in various diseases and drivers have a lot of exposure to this factor. According to the harmful effects of stress and drivers exposure with this agent, the aim of study was to review relationship of job stress and disease history of shift and non- shift work agency drivers of urban Yazd city.

Methods: This research is a case - control study that is done in agency drivers of Yazd city. For this purpose, 142 shiftwork drivers and 125 non-shiftwork with random-quota sampling method were selected. In order to collect of research data was used from a two-part questionnaire. The first part is demographic and the second part is measuring job stress with Philip L. Rice questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed by spss software.

Results: Analyses of the data showed that mean stress score of shift workers is higher than non-shift workers. In addition, the mean stress score based on the type of disease was showed that apart from the lack of sleep, in other diseases, there was no statistically significant difference. However, drivers with disease history had the higher mean stress score.

Conclusion: High stress levels of drivers indicate the need to implement a comprehensive program of stress management in organizations. Therefore, should be further studies in this field.

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Abstract

Introduction: In the absence of proper control, environmental hazards and risks from industries, can be irreparable damages to the environment. Hence, this study with the aim of environmental risks identification and assessment (such as emissions to air, discharges of pollutants into water, the discharge of pollutants in soil, consumption energy, etc) and estimation of control costs by (william fine) and (PHA) method in the Kavir steel Complex.

Methods: environmental hazards that identified by field observations, categoried on the Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) on unit, human activities and performance of the machines in the production hall of Kavir Steel; then was done  risk assessment by William Fine method for calculation of (RAC1). After providing reform strategy for critical risks , (RAC2) calculated. In this study was used software (SPSS) version 19 for statistical calculations.

Results: According to this study, the number of 356 environmental risk, in the form of 9-risk groups, identified. before the offered intervention strategies, the number of acceptable risks 89, the lowest practictable (ALARP) 204 and 63 was unacceptable risks. prospecting after the offered intervention strategies, changed the number of acceptable risks 183 and the lowest practicable (ALARP) 173.

Conclusion: The results show that the comprehensive identification and assessment of environmental risks in the rolling steel industry, presenting technical flaws and imperfections and errors of destructive environmental staff to the issue of environmental and making necessary to auditing environmental, and changing attitude of personnel, sensitivization of rolling steel industry personnel to maintain and improve the health of the environment.

 

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Introduction : Safety culture reflects the values, attitudes, perceptions, and behavior patterns of individual or collective efforts and commitment, success and effectiveness of a safety management system is determined.The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting safety culture is one of the steel industry.
Methods : The most familiar tool to measure psychological aspects, safety culture questionnaire.In this cross - sectional study using a standard questionnaire, 202 personnel of a company producing steel were studied. The questionnaire has 74 questions in two parts of sociological and questions to measure safety culture.The collected data is transferred to spss software(version 19) and using descriptive statistics and analytical results were analyzed.
Results :The average final score  safety culture in the participants in this study was 167/98 ± 22/07 from the total score of 325.The difference of scores of safety culture in the various educational groups is statistically significant(p=0/02). In addition, the difference of safety culture total score were statistically significant among workers with and without accidents(p=0/02) .
Conclusion: According to the findings, the safety culture has the highest correlation with the dimension of management commitment. Management organization with appropriate support in planning and implementing safety programs play an important role in creating, fostering a safety culture that lives lead to safe behaviors evolve, improve safety culture and thus reduce the accident statistics agency.
 

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Introduction: Since proper use of drugs by patients is under the influence of their beliefs and attitudes, we decided to conduct a study to determine the effect of training of asthmatic patients for appropriate use of inhaled corticosteroids sprays (ICS) on their attitude and asthma control.
Methods: This study was semi-experimental with two groups of case and control. One hundred ninety patients were enrolled in the study and randomly were allocated to either two groups. Ninety patients in each group finished the study. Pre-training researcher made questionnaire was completed by all of the participants. Nine sessions of one-hour training on how to properly use the inhalers, were held for patients in the case group. Two months later, the questionnaire was completed by all the patients again. Student and paired T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data.
Results: Demographic characteristics of two groups were similar. Training could reduce patients’ anxiety (p=0.0001) and increase their interest (p=0.0001) and self-esteem (p=0.0001). Overall attitude score in the case and control groups were 68.23 ± 6.69 and 58.69 ± 10, respectively (p=0.001). Average score of asthma control in the trained group was significantly higher than the other (p=0. 001). Control of asthma did not have a substantial relationship with the level of education (p=0.061) and gender (p=0.116) of patients.
Conclusion: Overall, education could have a positive effect on patient attitude and improve control of asthma. Therefore, training patients could increase the effectiveness of therapy and lower the costs on patients and the society.

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Introduction: Job stress is one of the most important phenomena in social life and is a serious threat to the health of the workforce in the world. Job stress can cause occupational accidents and incidents resulting injuries to people and damage equipment of the workplace. Firefighting is also one of the most stressful occupations. Firefighters are among the most important specialty occupation that need to be physically and mentally fit to perform safely their missions and tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and work accidents among the staff of fire department and safety services of Yazd city.
Methods: This is a descriptive study that was performed on 9 individuals who were selected from the whole statistical population by available sampling method. The validity coefficient of job stress questionnaire was 0.78 and the validity of both questionnaires was confirmed by some experts. Statistical methods used in this study include descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis) which were performed by spss12 software.
Results: he results showed that occupational stress was higher than usual and there was a significant relationship between occupational stress and variables such as physical status of workplace, work injury and injury, time pressure at work, workplace problems and decision making at work. The severity of the correlation between all of these cases is strong except for moderate to severe accidents and stress also plays an important role in predicting the rate of accidents.
Conclusion: According to the findings of the study of employees exposed to stress, they are more weakened and suffering from low spirits and stress indifferent to tasks, decreasing the energy of adaptation of employees, decreasing efficiency, problems in decision making, Disrupting organizational communication and decreasing job values and organizational productivity of firefighting staff are therefore important in assessing job stress on firefighters.
 

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Introduction: Smartphones have become an integral part of today's life. In addition to their benefits, excessive use of smartphones has negative effects, especially among students. One of these negative effects is smartphone addiction. During the Coronavirus pandemic and home quarantine, they were used to participate in virtual classes. They were also a means of entertainment and leisure. The aim of this study is to investigate the extent of smartphone addiction among students of Shahid Sadoughi School of Health in Yazd during the Coronavirus pandemic.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. The statistical population included 303 students from the school of Health. The instrument used was a cell phone addiction questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS_26 software, independent t-test and Chi-square.
Result: The mean score for cell phone addiction was 39.6. 7.6% had mild addiction, 85.8%, moderate addiction, and 6.6% had severe addiction. No significant relationship was found between gender, marital status, and education level and smartphone addiction. 66% of students' time was spent on social networks.
Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is high among health school students. It is necessary to carry out serious educational interventions and cultural and extracurricular activities later in the post-COVID period.

 

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Introduction: Traffic noise annoyance is one of the consequences of urban life which can have adverse effects on human health including sleep quality. The present study intends to investigate the extent of noise annoyance and its relationship with sleep quality of residents adjacent to high- and low-traffic roads in Yazd city in 1399.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 1399 in Yazd. Data were collected using two standard questionnaires of assessing noise annoyance and Pittsburgh sleep quality. Responses were collected from residents around 10 high- and low-traffic roads, and a total of 200 samples were obtained randomly.
Results: The mean score of sleep quality for all participants was 11.5 ± 35.25, and the mean score of noise annoyance was 3.73± 1.9. There was a significant difference between the average quality of sleep and the score of noise annoyance in terms the type of road (P/00.001). In general, there was also a significant and direct correlation between noise annoyance and sleep quality (r = 0.569, P = 0.001). But, the correlation between these two variables was not significant with the separation of the types of roads.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the quality of sleep of residents around high traffic roads is moderate, which suggests that noise annoyance caused by traffic affects the quality of sleep. In other words, the noise annoyance caused by traffic has reduced the quality of sleep in people living adjacent to high-traffic roads.