Volume 24, Issue 6 (9-2025)
TB 2025, 24(6): 80-97 |
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norouzi Y, motaghi M. Investigating the Relationship between Self-Regulation and Organizational Structure with the Mediating Role of Social Attrition in Healthcare Network Employees in Lenjan County. TB 2025; 24 (6) :80-97
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3793-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3793-en.html
Azad university of Shahre kord , monika3005@yahoo.uk
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Investigating the Relationship between Self-Regulation and Organizational Structure with the Mediating Role of Social Attrition in Healthcare Network Employees in Lenjan County
Yousef Norouzi (MSc.)1, Monika Motaghi (Ph.D.)2
1.M.Sc. student of Management of health and treatment services, Shahrekord Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord,Iran.
2.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of health care Management, Department of Health, Shk.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Email: monika3005@yahoo.co.uk Tel:03833361000-9
Abstract
Introduction: Employees’ productivity is influenced by a wide range of individual and organizational factors.Accordingly, this study investigated the relationship between self-regulation and organizational structure, with social loafing serving as a mediating variable, among employees of the Lenjan County Health Network.
Methods: This descriptive-correlational study employed path analysis within the framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consisted of 430 employees of the Lenjan County Health Network, from whom a sample of 186 participants was selected using Cochran's sample size formula. Data were collected using the Bouffard Self-Regulation Questionnaire, the Beheshti-Far Social Loafing Questionnaire, and the Robbins Organizational Structure Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine bivariate relationships, while SEM with path analysis was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships among the study variables and to test the proposed conceptual mode
Results: The results of SEM analysis demonstrated that self-regulation had a significant positive direct effect on organizational structure (β=0/29, p<0/001). Furthermore, self-regulation exerted a significant direct negative effect on social loafing (β=−0/215, p<0/001), indicating that higher levels of self-regulation were associated with lower levels of social loafing. In addition, social loafing had a significant negative effect on organizational structure (β=−0/11, p=0/002). The indirect effects analysis further revealed that self-regulation had a significant positive indirect effect on organizational structure through reducing social loafing (β=0/17, p<0/001).
Conclusion: Self-regulation was significantly associated with improved organizational structure and reduced social loafing. Enhancing self-regulation may strengthen organizational structure by reducing social loafing among healthcare employees.
Keywords: Self-regulation, organizational structure, social loafing
Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
References
1-Caldwell R, Dyer C. The performative practices of consultants in a change network: an actor–network practice perspective on organisational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 2020;33(5):941–63.
2-Cortez RM, Johnston WJ. The Coronavirus crisis in B2B settings: Crisis uniqueness and managerial implications based on social exchange theory. Industrial Marketing Management. 2020;88:125–35.
3-Luan S, Reb J, Gigerenzer G. Ecological rationality: Fast-and-frugal heuristics for managerial decision making under uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal. 2019;62(6):1735–59.
4-Lanaj K, Chang C-H, Johnson RE. Regulatory focus and work-related outcomes: a review and meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin. 2012;138(5):998.
5-Newman DT, Fast NJ, Harmon DJ. When eliminating bias isn’t fair: Algorithmic reductionism and procedural justice in human resource decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2020;160:149–67.
6-Khayef Elahi Ahmad A, Alipour Darvishi Z. Designing a model of human resource social attrition and the consequences of interpersonal relationships. . Journal of Management Research in Iran. 2021;14(2):45–66.[Persian]
7-Cao W, Li PC, van der Wal R & et al. Leadership and workplace aggression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Ethics. 2022:1–21
8-Hilal OA. The moderating role of self‐efficacy in the relationship between workplace envy and social undermining. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. 2021;40(6):28–4.
9-Batool T, Aziz F, Khannam A. Exploring The Relationship Of Motivational Beliefs With Students’ Mathematical Performance At Primary Level. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2022;6(9):5478–88.
10-Alonso-Martínez AM, Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Alonso Y & et al. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep and self-regulation in Spanish preschoolers during the COVID-19 lockdown. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;18(2):693.
11-Purwanto A. Effect of hard skills, soft skills, organizational learning and innovation capability on Islamic University lecturers’ performance. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2020.
12-Mitchell MS, Greenbaum RL, Vogel RM & et al. Can You Handle the Pressure? The Effect of Performance Pressure on Stress Appraisals, Self-regulation, and Behavior. Academy of Management Journal. 2018;62(2):531–52.
13-Delbari S, Rajaipour S, Abedini Y. Investigating the relationship between career development and productivity with the mediating role of self-regulation among university staff. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. 2020;13(3):759–81.[Persian]
14-Abdollahi Bagherabadi Gh, Heidari Rad M. The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on academic self-regulation and procrastination of male students with specific learning disabilitiesRooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ), 2024;13(11) .[Persian]
15-Talebzadeh Khoshroey SF, Rezaei Rad M. The Relationship Between Online Social Interactions with Emphasis on Artificial Intelligence, Motivation, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Self-Regulated Learning in Medical Students. Sociology of Education. 2025;11(2):306–16.[Persian]
16-Andishmand V, Shams al-Din Z. Social relationship between attrition and job burnout, job burnout and stagnation in boarding school staff, Journal of Modern Advances in Psychology, Educational Sciences and Education, Year 2, Issue 18, December 2019.[Persian]
17-Karaizadeh A, Shabani A, Jafari K & et al.The Effect of Organizational Structure on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment, Monthly Journal of Management and Accounting Research, Issue 24, June 2016.[Persian]
18-Javid M, Shahin Ahmadi S, Mansour S. Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive self-regulation training and information technology training on organizational awareness of employees of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. Journal of Research in Educational Systems.2019;13(45):141–55.
19-Moeini Shahraki H, Turkez Jafar A, Mohammadi M & et al. Investigating the relationship between the type of organizational structure and the power resources of managers in the headquarters units of Shiraz University, Studies in Management Improvement and Transformation, Issue 11, Winter 2011.[Persian]
20-Karimi P. The role of social attrition and organizational trauma with organizational inertia in primary school principals of the first district of Urmia city, Journal of Strategic Research in Education, 2025; No. 63, 155-164.[Persian]
21-Shariatnejad A, Mousavi Seyedeh N. Monitoring the effectiveness of organizational inertia from social attrition; Explaining the mediating role of managers' behavioral turmoil, Journal of Studies in Improvement and Transformation Management, 2021; Vol 30, Issue 102, 125-146.[Persian]
22-Taherpour f. The relationship between social undermining and co-creating with mediating role of organizational self- esteem among faculty members of selected Iranian universities. Public Administration Perspective.2017.;9(1):109–28.[Persian]
23-Taherpour F,Fallahi H. The mediating role of organizational self-esteem in the relationship between social attrition and organizational silence from the perspective of faculty members of Birjand University. Khorasan Socio-Cultural Studies, 2022 . 16(4) .[Persian]
24-Nazari Sh, Bakhit M, Abdipour K. The effect of social attrition on organizational performance of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province with the mediating role of job engagement, Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sports.2017; 4(2), Serial 14, 69-76.[Persian]
25-Khakpour E, Hassanzadeh F, Younesi F& et al.Investigation of the effect of social attrition on organizational loyalty with the mediating role of organizational silence, Conference on Management, Education and Training Research in Education, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Management, Education and Training Research in Education . 2025; 4370- 4382.[Persian]
26-Judy Shah Abadgiou, Maleki Avarsin S, Danshur Harris Z. Investigating the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in the Relationship Between Organizational Loyalty and Social Attrition, Research in Educational Systems, 2023;17(61),. 87-104.
27-Basu E, Pradhan RK, Tewari HR. Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on job performance in Indian healthcare industries: The mediating role of social capital. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 2017;66(6):780–96.
28-Smith MB, Webster BD. A moderated mediation model of Machiavellianism, social undermining, political skill, and supervisor-rated job performance. Personality and Individual Differences. 2017;104:453–9.
29-Fayazy M. Youssefian Arani W. Social destabilizing impact on organizational commitment, and job involvement. Quarterly Journal of Management Studies. 2016;79(24):47–72.[Persian]
30-Hershcovis MS. “Incivility, social undermining, bullying… oh my!”: A call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research. Journal of organizational behavior. 2011, 32(3):499–519.
Yousef Norouzi (MSc.)1, Monika Motaghi (Ph.D.)2
1.M.Sc. student of Management of health and treatment services, Shahrekord Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord,Iran.
2.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of health care Management, Department of Health, Shk.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Email: monika3005@yahoo.co.uk Tel:03833361000-9
Abstract
Introduction: Employees’ productivity is influenced by a wide range of individual and organizational factors.Accordingly, this study investigated the relationship between self-regulation and organizational structure, with social loafing serving as a mediating variable, among employees of the Lenjan County Health Network.
Methods: This descriptive-correlational study employed path analysis within the framework of structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consisted of 430 employees of the Lenjan County Health Network, from whom a sample of 186 participants was selected using Cochran's sample size formula. Data were collected using the Bouffard Self-Regulation Questionnaire, the Beheshti-Far Social Loafing Questionnaire, and the Robbins Organizational Structure Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine bivariate relationships, while SEM with path analysis was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships among the study variables and to test the proposed conceptual mode
Results: The results of SEM analysis demonstrated that self-regulation had a significant positive direct effect on organizational structure (β=0/29, p<0/001). Furthermore, self-regulation exerted a significant direct negative effect on social loafing (β=−0/215, p<0/001), indicating that higher levels of self-regulation were associated with lower levels of social loafing. In addition, social loafing had a significant negative effect on organizational structure (β=−0/11, p=0/002). The indirect effects analysis further revealed that self-regulation had a significant positive indirect effect on organizational structure through reducing social loafing (β=0/17, p<0/001).
Conclusion: Self-regulation was significantly associated with improved organizational structure and reduced social loafing. Enhancing self-regulation may strengthen organizational structure by reducing social loafing among healthcare employees.
Keywords: Self-regulation, organizational structure, social loafing
Conflict of interest: The authors declared no conflict of interest.
References
1-Caldwell R, Dyer C. The performative practices of consultants in a change network: an actor–network practice perspective on organisational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 2020;33(5):941–63.
2-Cortez RM, Johnston WJ. The Coronavirus crisis in B2B settings: Crisis uniqueness and managerial implications based on social exchange theory. Industrial Marketing Management. 2020;88:125–35.
3-Luan S, Reb J, Gigerenzer G. Ecological rationality: Fast-and-frugal heuristics for managerial decision making under uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal. 2019;62(6):1735–59.
4-Lanaj K, Chang C-H, Johnson RE. Regulatory focus and work-related outcomes: a review and meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin. 2012;138(5):998.
5-Newman DT, Fast NJ, Harmon DJ. When eliminating bias isn’t fair: Algorithmic reductionism and procedural justice in human resource decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2020;160:149–67.
6-Khayef Elahi Ahmad A, Alipour Darvishi Z. Designing a model of human resource social attrition and the consequences of interpersonal relationships. . Journal of Management Research in Iran. 2021;14(2):45–66.[Persian]
7-Cao W, Li PC, van der Wal R & et al. Leadership and workplace aggression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business Ethics. 2022:1–21
8-Hilal OA. The moderating role of self‐efficacy in the relationship between workplace envy and social undermining. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. 2021;40(6):28–4.
9-Batool T, Aziz F, Khannam A. Exploring The Relationship Of Motivational Beliefs With Students’ Mathematical Performance At Primary Level. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2022;6(9):5478–88.
10-Alonso-Martínez AM, Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Alonso Y & et al. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep and self-regulation in Spanish preschoolers during the COVID-19 lockdown. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;18(2):693.
11-Purwanto A. Effect of hard skills, soft skills, organizational learning and innovation capability on Islamic University lecturers’ performance. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2020.
12-Mitchell MS, Greenbaum RL, Vogel RM & et al. Can You Handle the Pressure? The Effect of Performance Pressure on Stress Appraisals, Self-regulation, and Behavior. Academy of Management Journal. 2018;62(2):531–52.
13-Delbari S, Rajaipour S, Abedini Y. Investigating the relationship between career development and productivity with the mediating role of self-regulation among university staff. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. 2020;13(3):759–81.[Persian]
14-Abdollahi Bagherabadi Gh, Heidari Rad M. The effectiveness of emotion regulation training on academic self-regulation and procrastination of male students with specific learning disabilitiesRooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ), 2024;13(11) .[Persian]
15-Talebzadeh Khoshroey SF, Rezaei Rad M. The Relationship Between Online Social Interactions with Emphasis on Artificial Intelligence, Motivation, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Self-Regulated Learning in Medical Students. Sociology of Education. 2025;11(2):306–16.[Persian]
16-Andishmand V, Shams al-Din Z. Social relationship between attrition and job burnout, job burnout and stagnation in boarding school staff, Journal of Modern Advances in Psychology, Educational Sciences and Education, Year 2, Issue 18, December 2019.[Persian]
17-Karaizadeh A, Shabani A, Jafari K & et al.The Effect of Organizational Structure on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment, Monthly Journal of Management and Accounting Research, Issue 24, June 2016.[Persian]
18-Javid M, Shahin Ahmadi S, Mansour S. Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive self-regulation training and information technology training on organizational awareness of employees of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. Journal of Research in Educational Systems.2019;13(45):141–55.
19-Moeini Shahraki H, Turkez Jafar A, Mohammadi M & et al. Investigating the relationship between the type of organizational structure and the power resources of managers in the headquarters units of Shiraz University, Studies in Management Improvement and Transformation, Issue 11, Winter 2011.[Persian]
20-Karimi P. The role of social attrition and organizational trauma with organizational inertia in primary school principals of the first district of Urmia city, Journal of Strategic Research in Education, 2025; No. 63, 155-164.[Persian]
21-Shariatnejad A, Mousavi Seyedeh N. Monitoring the effectiveness of organizational inertia from social attrition; Explaining the mediating role of managers' behavioral turmoil, Journal of Studies in Improvement and Transformation Management, 2021; Vol 30, Issue 102, 125-146.[Persian]
22-Taherpour f. The relationship between social undermining and co-creating with mediating role of organizational self- esteem among faculty members of selected Iranian universities. Public Administration Perspective.2017.;9(1):109–28.[Persian]
23-Taherpour F,Fallahi H. The mediating role of organizational self-esteem in the relationship between social attrition and organizational silence from the perspective of faculty members of Birjand University. Khorasan Socio-Cultural Studies, 2022 . 16(4) .[Persian]
24-Nazari Sh, Bakhit M, Abdipour K. The effect of social attrition on organizational performance of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province with the mediating role of job engagement, Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sports.2017; 4(2), Serial 14, 69-76.[Persian]
25-Khakpour E, Hassanzadeh F, Younesi F& et al.Investigation of the effect of social attrition on organizational loyalty with the mediating role of organizational silence, Conference on Management, Education and Training Research in Education, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Management, Education and Training Research in Education . 2025; 4370- 4382.[Persian]
26-Judy Shah Abadgiou, Maleki Avarsin S, Danshur Harris Z. Investigating the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in the Relationship Between Organizational Loyalty and Social Attrition, Research in Educational Systems, 2023;17(61),. 87-104.
27-Basu E, Pradhan RK, Tewari HR. Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on job performance in Indian healthcare industries: The mediating role of social capital. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 2017;66(6):780–96.
28-Smith MB, Webster BD. A moderated mediation model of Machiavellianism, social undermining, political skill, and supervisor-rated job performance. Personality and Individual Differences. 2017;104:453–9.
29-Fayazy M. Youssefian Arani W. Social destabilizing impact on organizational commitment, and job involvement. Quarterly Journal of Management Studies. 2016;79(24):47–72.[Persian]
30-Hershcovis MS. “Incivility, social undermining, bullying… oh my!”: A call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research. Journal of organizational behavior. 2011, 32(3):499–519.
Type of Study: Research |
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managment
Received: 2025/10/21 | Accepted: 2025/12/2 | Published: 2025/09/1
Received: 2025/10/21 | Accepted: 2025/12/2 | Published: 2025/09/1
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