Volume 23, Issue 4 (10-2024)
TB 2024, 23(4): 44-56 |
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Shomali Ahmadabadi M, Zabihi M, Khodarahmi A, Barkhordari Ahmadabadi A. The Mediating Role of Self-Criticism in the Relationship between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Anxiety in Medical Science Students. TB 2024; 23 (4) :44-56
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URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3654-en.html
Education department, Ardakan , Mahdi_shomali@yahoo.com
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The Mediating Role of Self-Criticism in the Relationship between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Anxiety in Medical Science Students
Mehdi Shomali Ahmadabadi(Ph.D.)1,Zabihi Mohsen(Ph.D.)2, Ali Khodarahmi(Ph.D.s)3, Atefeh Barkhordari Ahmadabadi(M.A.s)4
1.PhD of Psychology, Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran
2. Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
3.Pharmacy student, Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
4.Corresponding Aouthor:Master's student of clinical psychology, Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran Email:atefeh.8449@gmail.com Tel:09137798449
Abstract
Introduction: Social anxiety disorder is an intense and persistent fear of being watched and judged by others. This fear can affect work, school, and other daily activities. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of self-criticism regarding the fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety of medical students.
Methods: This is a correlational research conducted using structural equations. The statistical population of the research consisted of all doctoral students of medical sciences in Yazd in the academic year 1400-1401. The sample size of 227 people was determined and sampling was done by voluntary sampling method. The research tools included the social anxiety scale (Jarabek, 1996), self-criticism (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004) and fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), which was published online. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling, utilizing SPSS26 and Amos24 software.
Results: The direct effect of fear of negative evaluation on social anxiety was significant (P=0/001). the direct effect of self-criticism on social anxiety (P=0/041), and the direct effect of fear of negative evaluation on self-criticism (P=0/001) were significant. Bootstrap results further indicated that the indirect effect of fear of negative evaluation on social anxiety through self-criticism was significant (P=0/019).
Conclusion:These findings highlight self-criticism as a significant mediator between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in medical students, emphasizing the importance of addressing self-perception in interventions.
Keywords: Self-Assessment, Fear, Self-Criticism, Anxiety, Students
References
1-American Psychiatric Association D, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5: American psychiatric association Washington, DC; 2013.
2-McBride NL, Bates GW, Elphinstone B & et al. Self‐compassion and social anxiety: The mediating effect of emotion regulation strategies and the influence of depressed mood. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2022;95(4):1036-55.
3-Hashemi SE, Hassanvand Amouzadeh M, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M & et al. Evaluating The Structural Model for Causative and Maintaining Factors of Social Anxiety Disorder in Students of Medical Sciences. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2022;31(206):114-29.
4-Fredrick JW, Luebbe AM. Prospective Associations Between Fears of Negative Evaluation, Fears of Positive Evaluation, and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescence. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 2024;55(1):195-205.
5-Zhang C, Zhang Q, Zhuang H & et al. The reciprocal relationship between depression, social anxiety and aggression in Chinese adolescents: The moderating effects of family functioning. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;329:379-84.
6-Lyvers M, Salviani A, Costan S & et al. Alexithymia, narcissism and social anxiety in relation to social media and internet addiction symptoms. International Journal of Psychology. 2022;57(5):606-12.
7-Brosof LC, Calebs BJ, Levinson CA. Ethnic variance between Asian and European American women in a six month prospective model of eating disorder and social anxiety symptom comorbidity. Eating Disorders. 2019;27(2):110-22.
8-Majidianfard MB, Sadri Nasab Babakan M. The Relationships among Social Skills, Anxiety and Academic Performance of Nursing Students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Journal of Educational Studies. 2020;15:19-28.
9-Rozen N, Aderka IM. Emotions in social anxiety disorder: A review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2023;95:102696.
10-Li J, Jia S, Wang L & et al. Relationships among inferiority feelings, fear of negative evaluation, and social anxiety in Chinese junior high school students. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;13:1-9.
11-Yue Y, jia Y, Wang X. Self-efficacy and negative silence in the classroom: The mediating role of fear of negative evaluation. Nurse Education in Practice. 2022;62:103379.
12-Robatmili S, Karimi M. The prediction of social anxiety in adolescents based on meta cognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation. Social Psychology Research. 2018;8(31):51-68.
13-Poole KL, Hassan R, Schmidt LA. Two-Factor Structure of Social-Evaluative Fear in Children: Distinguishing Fear of Positive and Negative Evaluation in Social Anxiety. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2022;44(3):800-10.
14-Yao Q, Wu X, Tao C, Gong W & et al. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2023;8(1):56.
15-Beato AF, Albuquerque S, Kömürcü Akik B & et al. Do Maternal Self-Criticism and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and Anxiety Mediate the Effect of History of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Mother-Infant Bonding? Parallel–Serial Mediation Models. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:1-16.
16-Kannan D, Levitt HM. A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2013;23(2):166.
17-Thompson R, Zuroff DC. The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale: comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences. 2004;36(2):419-30.
18-Yousefi Moridani M, Fallahian H, Mikaeili N. The Role of Self-criticism and Shyness in Predicting Social Appearance Anxiety of Female Students. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2020;18(4):54-60.
19-Castilho P, Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte J. Two forms of self-criticism mediate differently the shame–psychopathological symptoms link. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2017;90(1):44-54.
20-Zhang H, Watson-Singleton NN, Pollard SE & et al. Self-criticism and depressive symptoms: Mediating role of self-compassion. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2019;80(2):202-23.
21-Heshmati R, Pellerone M. Relationship of dispositional mindfulness, self-destruction and self-criticism in academic performance of boy students. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2018;6(3):1-22.
22-O'Neill C, Pratt D, Kilshaw M & et al. The relationship between self-criticism and suicide probability. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2021;28(6):1445-56.
23-Kotera Y, Dosedlova J, Andrzejewski D & et al. From Stress to Psychopathology: Relationship with Self-Reassurance and Self-Criticism in Czech University Students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2022;20(4):2321-32.
24-Iancu I, Bodner E, Ben-Zion IZ. Self esteem, dependency, self-efficacy and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2015;58:165-71.
25-Golestani-Fard A, Rezaee Dehnavi S. Exploring the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on social anxiety of female high school students in Kashan city. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2018;8(0):15-.
26-Rezaeipour F, Jabbareefar T, Barzegarbafrouee K. Comparative study of attachment dimensions, fear of negative evaluation, social and academic adjustment based on academic achievement in students with visual impairment. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2019;9(35):215-32.
27-Noorbala F, Borjali A, Ahmadian-Attari MM & et al. Effectiveness of compassionate mind training on depression, anxiety, and self-criticism in a group of Iranian depressed patients. Iranian journal of psychiatry. 2013;8(3):113.
28-Sajjadian Khosroshahi M, Mikaeli Manee F. The role of the mother's parental control and fear of negative evaluation in the prediction of social anxiety in students. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ). 2020;8(12):65-72.
Mehdi Shomali Ahmadabadi(Ph.D.)1,Zabihi Mohsen(Ph.D.)2, Ali Khodarahmi(Ph.D.s)3, Atefeh Barkhordari Ahmadabadi(M.A.s)4
1.PhD of Psychology, Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran
2. Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
3.Pharmacy student, Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
4.Corresponding Aouthor:Master's student of clinical psychology, Azad University, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran Email:atefeh.8449@gmail.com Tel:09137798449
Abstract
Introduction: Social anxiety disorder is an intense and persistent fear of being watched and judged by others. This fear can affect work, school, and other daily activities. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of self-criticism regarding the fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety of medical students.
Methods: This is a correlational research conducted using structural equations. The statistical population of the research consisted of all doctoral students of medical sciences in Yazd in the academic year 1400-1401. The sample size of 227 people was determined and sampling was done by voluntary sampling method. The research tools included the social anxiety scale (Jarabek, 1996), self-criticism (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004) and fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), which was published online. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling, utilizing SPSS26 and Amos24 software.
Results: The direct effect of fear of negative evaluation on social anxiety was significant (P=0/001). the direct effect of self-criticism on social anxiety (P=0/041), and the direct effect of fear of negative evaluation on self-criticism (P=0/001) were significant. Bootstrap results further indicated that the indirect effect of fear of negative evaluation on social anxiety through self-criticism was significant (P=0/019).
Conclusion:These findings highlight self-criticism as a significant mediator between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in medical students, emphasizing the importance of addressing self-perception in interventions.
Keywords: Self-Assessment, Fear, Self-Criticism, Anxiety, Students
References
1-American Psychiatric Association D, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5: American psychiatric association Washington, DC; 2013.
2-McBride NL, Bates GW, Elphinstone B & et al. Self‐compassion and social anxiety: The mediating effect of emotion regulation strategies and the influence of depressed mood. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2022;95(4):1036-55.
3-Hashemi SE, Hassanvand Amouzadeh M, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M & et al. Evaluating The Structural Model for Causative and Maintaining Factors of Social Anxiety Disorder in Students of Medical Sciences. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2022;31(206):114-29.
4-Fredrick JW, Luebbe AM. Prospective Associations Between Fears of Negative Evaluation, Fears of Positive Evaluation, and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescence. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. 2024;55(1):195-205.
5-Zhang C, Zhang Q, Zhuang H & et al. The reciprocal relationship between depression, social anxiety and aggression in Chinese adolescents: The moderating effects of family functioning. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;329:379-84.
6-Lyvers M, Salviani A, Costan S & et al. Alexithymia, narcissism and social anxiety in relation to social media and internet addiction symptoms. International Journal of Psychology. 2022;57(5):606-12.
7-Brosof LC, Calebs BJ, Levinson CA. Ethnic variance between Asian and European American women in a six month prospective model of eating disorder and social anxiety symptom comorbidity. Eating Disorders. 2019;27(2):110-22.
8-Majidianfard MB, Sadri Nasab Babakan M. The Relationships among Social Skills, Anxiety and Academic Performance of Nursing Students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Journal of Educational Studies. 2020;15:19-28.
9-Rozen N, Aderka IM. Emotions in social anxiety disorder: A review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2023;95:102696.
10-Li J, Jia S, Wang L & et al. Relationships among inferiority feelings, fear of negative evaluation, and social anxiety in Chinese junior high school students. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;13:1-9.
11-Yue Y, jia Y, Wang X. Self-efficacy and negative silence in the classroom: The mediating role of fear of negative evaluation. Nurse Education in Practice. 2022;62:103379.
12-Robatmili S, Karimi M. The prediction of social anxiety in adolescents based on meta cognitive beliefs, mindfulness and fear of negative evaluation. Social Psychology Research. 2018;8(31):51-68.
13-Poole KL, Hassan R, Schmidt LA. Two-Factor Structure of Social-Evaluative Fear in Children: Distinguishing Fear of Positive and Negative Evaluation in Social Anxiety. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2022;44(3):800-10.
14-Yao Q, Wu X, Tao C, Gong W & et al. Osteoarthritis: pathogenic signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. 2023;8(1):56.
15-Beato AF, Albuquerque S, Kömürcü Akik B & et al. Do Maternal Self-Criticism and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and Anxiety Mediate the Effect of History of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Mother-Infant Bonding? Parallel–Serial Mediation Models. Frontiers in Psychology. 2022;13:1-16.
16-Kannan D, Levitt HM. A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2013;23(2):166.
17-Thompson R, Zuroff DC. The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale: comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences. 2004;36(2):419-30.
18-Yousefi Moridani M, Fallahian H, Mikaeili N. The Role of Self-criticism and Shyness in Predicting Social Appearance Anxiety of Female Students. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2020;18(4):54-60.
19-Castilho P, Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte J. Two forms of self-criticism mediate differently the shame–psychopathological symptoms link. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2017;90(1):44-54.
20-Zhang H, Watson-Singleton NN, Pollard SE & et al. Self-criticism and depressive symptoms: Mediating role of self-compassion. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2019;80(2):202-23.
21-Heshmati R, Pellerone M. Relationship of dispositional mindfulness, self-destruction and self-criticism in academic performance of boy students. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2018;6(3):1-22.
22-O'Neill C, Pratt D, Kilshaw M & et al. The relationship between self-criticism and suicide probability. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2021;28(6):1445-56.
23-Kotera Y, Dosedlova J, Andrzejewski D & et al. From Stress to Psychopathology: Relationship with Self-Reassurance and Self-Criticism in Czech University Students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2022;20(4):2321-32.
24-Iancu I, Bodner E, Ben-Zion IZ. Self esteem, dependency, self-efficacy and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2015;58:165-71.
25-Golestani-Fard A, Rezaee Dehnavi S. Exploring the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on social anxiety of female high school students in Kashan city. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2018;8(0):15-.
26-Rezaeipour F, Jabbareefar T, Barzegarbafrouee K. Comparative study of attachment dimensions, fear of negative evaluation, social and academic adjustment based on academic achievement in students with visual impairment. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2019;9(35):215-32.
27-Noorbala F, Borjali A, Ahmadian-Attari MM & et al. Effectiveness of compassionate mind training on depression, anxiety, and self-criticism in a group of Iranian depressed patients. Iranian journal of psychiatry. 2013;8(3):113.
28-Sajjadian Khosroshahi M, Mikaeli Manee F. The role of the mother's parental control and fear of negative evaluation in the prediction of social anxiety in students. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal(RRJ). 2020;8(12):65-72.
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Received: 2024/06/5 | Accepted: 2024/09/18 | Published: 2024/11/18
Received: 2024/06/5 | Accepted: 2024/09/18 | Published: 2024/11/18
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