Volume 23, Issue 3 (8-2024)
TB 2024, 23(3): 1-15 |
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Research code: 107949
Ethics code: IR.GUILAN.REC.1402.049
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Yaghoobi Siahgoorabi F, Rezaei S, Zebardast A. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Adolescent Girls in Lahijan and Associated Demographic Factors. TB 2024; 23 (3) :1-15
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3649-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3649-en.html
University of Guilan , Sajjad.Rezaei@guilan.ac.ir
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Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Adolescent Girls in Lahijan and Associated Demographic Factors
Fatemeh Yaghoobi Siahgoorabi (M.A.)1, Sajjad Rezaei (Ph.D.)2, Azra Zebardast (Ph.D.)3
1.M.A. Student of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2.Corresponding Author:Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
E-mail: Sajjad.Rezaei@guilan.ac.ir Tel: 09113390785
3.Assistant Professor of Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety and depression are common mental health disordersthat threaten physical and mental health and quality of life of adolescents and cause defects in their performance.. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescent girls in Lahijan, along with the associated demographic factors.
Methods: This analytical-cross-sectional survey involved 291 girls aged 15 to 18, selected through convenience sampling method from public all-female' high schools in Lahijan in early 2024. Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale were the research tools. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-26, independent t-tests, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance.
Results: The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression among girls were 3/8% and 3/1%. Girls with physical illnesses exhibited higher levels of major depression, suicide, overall depression score, overall anxiety score, and panic compared to their healthy peers(P<0/05). Those with mental disorders reported higher levels of major depression, suicide, overall depression score, selective mutism, and panic compared to those without such disorders(P<0/05). 11th-grade girls demonstrated higher levels of separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and overall anxiety score than 10th-grade girls(P<0/05). No significant differences were observed in anxiety and depression among girls from different fields of study(mathematics, empirical sciences, and humanities)(P>0/05).
Conclusion: The study revealed a relatively low prevalence of anxiety and depression, which was associated with the girls' histories of physical and mental disorders, as well as their educational grade. These findings hold significant implications for school administrators and health professionals.
Keywords: Prevalence, Anxiety, Depression, Adolescent
1-Walsh O, Nicholson AJ. Adolescent health Clinics in Integrated Care. 2022; 14: 100123.
2-Cendrero-Luengo C, Jiménez-Palomares M, Rodríguez-Mansilla J & et al. Cross-Sectional Descriptive Pilot Study on the Risk of Psychotic Disorders among Adolescents. Children. 2021; 8(10): 916.
3-Hantsoo L, Epperson CN. Anxiety Disorders Among Women: A Female Lifespan Approach. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing). 2017; 15(2): 162-72.
4-Szuhany KL, Simon NM. Anxiety Disorders A Review. JAMA. 2022; 328(24): 2431-45.
5-Spielberger CD. Anxiety. In: Kuper J,editor. Social Problems and Mental Health. 1st ed. London: Routledge Revivals; 2022: 15-9.
6-Biagi E. A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Focus on Adolescents [Doctoral Dissertation]. Medaille University. 2023.
7-Mikaeli Manee F, Ab Khiz Sh. The Study of the Psychometric properties of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5. Journal of Clinical Psycology. 2021; 12(4): 49-62. [Persian]
8-Rezaee F, Fakhraee A, Farmand A & et al. In translation Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 5th ed. Tehran: Arjmand; 2021: 229. [Persian]
9-Racu I, Stanciu M. Experimental research of anxiety in adolescence. UNIVERS PEDAGOGIC. 2022; 3(75): 50-5.
10-Hankin BL. Depression During Childhood and Adolescence. In: DeRubeis RJ, Strunk DR (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2017: 276-86.
11-Raharja B, Samudera EB, Lay F & et al. Expert system for depression detection in teenagers. System Research & Information Technologies. 2022; 2: 143-50.
12-Espada JP, Sánchez-López A, Morales A. Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression in childhood and adolescence: A review of reviews. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes. 2023; 10(1): 68-83.
13-Yuliyana R. Depression In Adolecents. Journal of Health Science and Nursing Studies. 2022; 1: 23-8.
14-Neyazi A, Padhi BK, Mohammadi, AQ & et al. Depression, anxiety and quality of life of Afghan women living in urban areas under the Taliban government: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2023; 13: e071939.
15-Monferrer M, García AS, Ricarte JJ & et al. Facial emotion recognition in patients with depression compared to healthy controls when using human avatars. Scientific Reports. 2023; 13(1): 6007.
16-Izaki Y. Depression among adolescents: Clinical features and interventions. The journal of medical investigation. 2021; 68(1.2): 22–8.
17-Karimi A, Yadegari N, Sarokhani D & et al. Prevalence of Depression in Iranian School Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2021; 12: 110.
18-Malek Afzali H, Majdzadeh SR, Fotouhi A & et al. Applied Research Methodology in Medical Sciences .1st ed. Tehran: Tehran University Medical Sciences; 2004: 295-316. [Persian]
19-Riahi F, Izadi-Mazidi M, TashaKori A & et al. Prevalence of Depression among High School Girls in Kuhdasht, Iran. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal. 2017; 16(4): 433-42. [Persian]
20-Muris P, Simon E, Lijphart H & et al. The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5): Development and First Psychometric Evidence of a New Scale for Assessing Anxiety Disorders Symptoms of Children and Adolescents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2017; 48(1): 1–17.
21-Habibi M, Hamediniya E, Asgarinejad F & et al. Psychometric Properties of Kutcher Adole Csent’s Depression Scale. Applied Research in Educational Psychology. 2016; 2(2): 15-28. [Persian]
22-Derakhshanpour F, Mohammadi M, Zarafshan H & et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents in Gorgan, north of Iran (2019). Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2020; 22(3): 113-20. [Persian]
23-Nasiri M, Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N & et al. The Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Mazandaran Province. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2019; 21(1): 314-19. [Persian]
24-Movahedi Rad NKh, Ajvadi H, Ahmadi M & et al. A comparison of prevalence of clear anxiety among the students with different demographic characteristics. Instruction and Evaluation. 2012; 5(17): 131-46.
25-Abdolkarimi M, Sarrafi M, Nejad Torshabi M & et al. Stress, Anxiety and Depression and Related Factors in Secondary School Girls in Rafsanjan in 98. Iranian Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2021; 7(3): 69-75. [Persian]
26-Armani Kian A, Mohammadi M, Ahmadi N & et al. Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-18 Years in Zanjan Province, Iran (November-February 2016). Jhehp. 2020; 6(4): 177-82.
27-Kordi M, Mohamadirizi S, Shakeri Mt & et al. The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Health Behaviors in High School Girl Students in Mashhad in Year 2011-2012. Tolooe Behdasht. 2015; 13(5): 56-67. [Persian]
28-Roshan Chesly R, Sharbati A, Rahimi Z. Comparing High School Student's Mental health Considering Their Sex and Location. Journal of Daneshvar Behavior. 2011; 17(45): 71. [Persian]
29-Heidari ME, Naghibi Irvani SS, Pourhoseingholi MA & et al. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among Iranian high school students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2024; 346: 9–20.
30-Bazargan M, Dehghani A, Ramezani MA & et al. Prevalence of depression among Iranian children and adolescents: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis. Health Science Reports. 2023; 6(10): e1584.
31-Mahmudi L, Karimi P, Arghavan FS & et al. The prevalence of depression in Iranian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2021; 58: 102579.
32-Shabanpour T, Rajabi A, Rezaei S & et al. Prevalence and severity of depression in Iranian students. 12th Annual Congress of Medical Students of the Eastern Medical Sciences: 2018 January. Gonabad, Iran. [Persian]
33-Julaei Manesh A, Feizi Manesh B, Azarbeik M. Prevalence and severity of depression in Dezful students. 1st Congress on Child and Adolescent Psychology: 2014 February. Tehran, Iran. [Persian]
34-Rostamzadeh Z, Khalilzadeh R. Investigating the prevalence and severity of depression in female high school students in Urmia city. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2007; 5(2): 12-8. [Persian]
Fatemeh Yaghoobi Siahgoorabi (M.A.)1, Sajjad Rezaei (Ph.D.)2, Azra Zebardast (Ph.D.)3
1.M.A. Student of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2.Corresponding Author:Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
E-mail: Sajjad.Rezaei@guilan.ac.ir Tel: 09113390785
3.Assistant Professor of Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety and depression are common mental health disordersthat threaten physical and mental health and quality of life of adolescents and cause defects in their performance.. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among adolescent girls in Lahijan, along with the associated demographic factors.
Methods: This analytical-cross-sectional survey involved 291 girls aged 15 to 18, selected through convenience sampling method from public all-female' high schools in Lahijan in early 2024. Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale were the research tools. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-26, independent t-tests, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance.
Results: The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression among girls were 3/8% and 3/1%. Girls with physical illnesses exhibited higher levels of major depression, suicide, overall depression score, overall anxiety score, and panic compared to their healthy peers(P<0/05). Those with mental disorders reported higher levels of major depression, suicide, overall depression score, selective mutism, and panic compared to those without such disorders(P<0/05). 11th-grade girls demonstrated higher levels of separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and overall anxiety score than 10th-grade girls(P<0/05). No significant differences were observed in anxiety and depression among girls from different fields of study(mathematics, empirical sciences, and humanities)(P>0/05).
Conclusion: The study revealed a relatively low prevalence of anxiety and depression, which was associated with the girls' histories of physical and mental disorders, as well as their educational grade. These findings hold significant implications for school administrators and health professionals.
Keywords: Prevalence, Anxiety, Depression, Adolescent
1-Walsh O, Nicholson AJ. Adolescent health Clinics in Integrated Care. 2022; 14: 100123.
2-Cendrero-Luengo C, Jiménez-Palomares M, Rodríguez-Mansilla J & et al. Cross-Sectional Descriptive Pilot Study on the Risk of Psychotic Disorders among Adolescents. Children. 2021; 8(10): 916.
3-Hantsoo L, Epperson CN. Anxiety Disorders Among Women: A Female Lifespan Approach. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing). 2017; 15(2): 162-72.
4-Szuhany KL, Simon NM. Anxiety Disorders A Review. JAMA. 2022; 328(24): 2431-45.
5-Spielberger CD. Anxiety. In: Kuper J,editor. Social Problems and Mental Health. 1st ed. London: Routledge Revivals; 2022: 15-9.
6-Biagi E. A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Focus on Adolescents [Doctoral Dissertation]. Medaille University. 2023.
7-Mikaeli Manee F, Ab Khiz Sh. The Study of the Psychometric properties of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5. Journal of Clinical Psycology. 2021; 12(4): 49-62. [Persian]
8-Rezaee F, Fakhraee A, Farmand A & et al. In translation Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 5th ed. Tehran: Arjmand; 2021: 229. [Persian]
9-Racu I, Stanciu M. Experimental research of anxiety in adolescence. UNIVERS PEDAGOGIC. 2022; 3(75): 50-5.
10-Hankin BL. Depression During Childhood and Adolescence. In: DeRubeis RJ, Strunk DR (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2017: 276-86.
11-Raharja B, Samudera EB, Lay F & et al. Expert system for depression detection in teenagers. System Research & Information Technologies. 2022; 2: 143-50.
12-Espada JP, Sánchez-López A, Morales A. Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression in childhood and adolescence: A review of reviews. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes. 2023; 10(1): 68-83.
13-Yuliyana R. Depression In Adolecents. Journal of Health Science and Nursing Studies. 2022; 1: 23-8.
14-Neyazi A, Padhi BK, Mohammadi, AQ & et al. Depression, anxiety and quality of life of Afghan women living in urban areas under the Taliban government: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2023; 13: e071939.
15-Monferrer M, García AS, Ricarte JJ & et al. Facial emotion recognition in patients with depression compared to healthy controls when using human avatars. Scientific Reports. 2023; 13(1): 6007.
16-Izaki Y. Depression among adolescents: Clinical features and interventions. The journal of medical investigation. 2021; 68(1.2): 22–8.
17-Karimi A, Yadegari N, Sarokhani D & et al. Prevalence of Depression in Iranian School Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2021; 12: 110.
18-Malek Afzali H, Majdzadeh SR, Fotouhi A & et al. Applied Research Methodology in Medical Sciences .1st ed. Tehran: Tehran University Medical Sciences; 2004: 295-316. [Persian]
19-Riahi F, Izadi-Mazidi M, TashaKori A & et al. Prevalence of Depression among High School Girls in Kuhdasht, Iran. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal. 2017; 16(4): 433-42. [Persian]
20-Muris P, Simon E, Lijphart H & et al. The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5): Development and First Psychometric Evidence of a New Scale for Assessing Anxiety Disorders Symptoms of Children and Adolescents. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 2017; 48(1): 1–17.
21-Habibi M, Hamediniya E, Asgarinejad F & et al. Psychometric Properties of Kutcher Adole Csent’s Depression Scale. Applied Research in Educational Psychology. 2016; 2(2): 15-28. [Persian]
22-Derakhshanpour F, Mohammadi M, Zarafshan H & et al. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents in Gorgan, north of Iran (2019). Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2020; 22(3): 113-20. [Persian]
23-Nasiri M, Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N & et al. The Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents in Mazandaran Province. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2019; 21(1): 314-19. [Persian]
24-Movahedi Rad NKh, Ajvadi H, Ahmadi M & et al. A comparison of prevalence of clear anxiety among the students with different demographic characteristics. Instruction and Evaluation. 2012; 5(17): 131-46.
25-Abdolkarimi M, Sarrafi M, Nejad Torshabi M & et al. Stress, Anxiety and Depression and Related Factors in Secondary School Girls in Rafsanjan in 98. Iranian Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2021; 7(3): 69-75. [Persian]
26-Armani Kian A, Mohammadi M, Ahmadi N & et al. Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-18 Years in Zanjan Province, Iran (November-February 2016). Jhehp. 2020; 6(4): 177-82.
27-Kordi M, Mohamadirizi S, Shakeri Mt & et al. The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Health Behaviors in High School Girl Students in Mashhad in Year 2011-2012. Tolooe Behdasht. 2015; 13(5): 56-67. [Persian]
28-Roshan Chesly R, Sharbati A, Rahimi Z. Comparing High School Student's Mental health Considering Their Sex and Location. Journal of Daneshvar Behavior. 2011; 17(45): 71. [Persian]
29-Heidari ME, Naghibi Irvani SS, Pourhoseingholi MA & et al. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors among Iranian high school students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2024; 346: 9–20.
30-Bazargan M, Dehghani A, Ramezani MA & et al. Prevalence of depression among Iranian children and adolescents: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis. Health Science Reports. 2023; 6(10): e1584.
31-Mahmudi L, Karimi P, Arghavan FS & et al. The prevalence of depression in Iranian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2021; 58: 102579.
32-Shabanpour T, Rajabi A, Rezaei S & et al. Prevalence and severity of depression in Iranian students. 12th Annual Congress of Medical Students of the Eastern Medical Sciences: 2018 January. Gonabad, Iran. [Persian]
33-Julaei Manesh A, Feizi Manesh B, Azarbeik M. Prevalence and severity of depression in Dezful students. 1st Congress on Child and Adolescent Psychology: 2014 February. Tehran, Iran. [Persian]
34-Rostamzadeh Z, Khalilzadeh R. Investigating the prevalence and severity of depression in female high school students in Urmia city. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2007; 5(2): 12-8. [Persian]
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychology
Received: 2024/05/16 | Accepted: 2024/06/9 | Published: 2024/08/31
Received: 2024/05/16 | Accepted: 2024/06/9 | Published: 2024/08/31
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