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Biriaei Najaf Abadi D, Badihi M, Rabiee Z, shokrolahi M. Effectiveness of Cognitive Analytic Therapy on Anxiety Sensitivity and Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Chronic Pain and Alexithymia. TB 2024; 22 (6) :62-75
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3611-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3611-en.html
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Quranic and Atrat Studies, Isfahan, Iran , mojganshokrolahi@gmail.com
Keywords: Cognitive-analytic therapy, Anxiety sensitivity, Pain catastrophizing, Chronic pain, Alexithymia
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Effectiveness of Cognitive Analytic Therapy on Anxiety Sensitivity and Pain Catastrophizing in Patients with Chronic Pain and Alexithymia
Delaram Biriaei Najaf Abadi(MS.c.)1, Marzieh Badihi(MS.c.)2 ,Zahra Rabiee(B.S.)3,Mojgan Shokrolahi(Ph.D.)4
1.Master, Faculty of Humanities, Ragheb Esfahani Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
2. Master's student, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Badrood Branch, Badrood, Iran
3. Bachelor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Payam Noor University, Gaz Branch, Barkhor, Iran.
4. Corresponding author : Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Quranic and Atrat Studies, Isfahan, Iran
Contact phone: 09137545704 Email: mojganshokrolahi@gmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy on anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test ,a two months' follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population included all the patients with chronic pain in Isfahan city in 2022. Sampling was done through convenience sampling method among the volunteer patients referred to private clinics in two stages. 24 patients with chronic pain who scored above 60 in Toronto alexithymia questionnaire (1994) were selected and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 12). The instruments included Sullivan's pain catastrophizing scale questionnaire (1995) and Taylor and Cox's anxiety sensitivity questionnaire (1998. The experimental group received cognitive analytical therapy for 16 90-minute sessions once a week, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measure and ANOVA analysis.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the adjusted mean of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing in the two groups. The mean scores of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing variables increased in post-test and follow-up phase (P<0/05). Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive analytic therapy was effective for anxiety sensitivity and catastrophizing pain in patients with chronic pain and alexithymia (P<0/05).
Conclusion: Considering the effect of cognitive analytic therapy on anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing, this treatment method can be used to improve patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.
Keywords : Cognitive-analytic therapy, Anxiety sensitivity, Pain catastrophizing, Chronic pain, Alexithymia
References
1-Kiani S, Sabahi P, Makvand Hosaini S & etal . Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on the pain self-efficacy of patients with chronic pain. Journal of Psychological Science 2020;19(89 ):567-578. [Persian]
2-Anvari M, Ebrahimi A, Neshatdoost H, & etal. The effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment Therapy on pain-related anxiety, acceptance of pain and pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. Journal of Isfahan Medical School 2014 ; 32(295):1-10. [Persian]
3-Bottiroli S, Galli F, Viana M, & et al. Alexithymia and chronic migraine with medication overase what relationship. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2019 ; 16(1): 150-162.
4-Aaron RV, Fisher EA, De lavega R & etal. Alexithymia in individuals With chronic pain and it,s relation to pain intensity physical interference, depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta analysis. Pain. 2019 ;16(5): 994-1006.
5-Bottiroli S, Galli F, Viana M & et al. Alexithymia and chronic migraine with medication overase what relationship. The Journal of Headache and Pain.2021; 16(1): 150-162.
6-Davis MS, Zautra AJ, Wolf LD & etal . Mindfulness and cognitive behavioral interventions for chronic pain: differential effects on daily pain reactivity and stress reactivity. Consult Clin Psychol. 2020; 83(1): 24-35.
7-Beak IC, Lee Eh, kim JH. Differenced in anxiety sensitivity factors between anxiety and depressive disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 2019; 36 (10): 968- 974 .
8-Flink ZL, Boersma K, Linton SJ. Pain catastrophizing as repetitive negative thinking: a development of the conceptualization. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. 2013; 42 (3): 215- 223.
9-Suso- Ribera C, Carcia- Palacios A, Botella C & etal. Pain catastrophizing and it,s relationship with Health outcomes: does pain intensity matter. Pain Research & Management. 2017; 32(8):1- 8.
10-Amini-Fasakhoudi M, Mahmoud Alilou M, Tahmassian K & etal. Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy techniques in reducing problems of patients with preoccupied attachment style having chronic musculoskeletal pain: a single case study .Feyz 2017; 20 (6) :539-550. [Persian]
11-Mostafaie A, Zare H, Alipour A, & etal. Effectiveness of Decisional and Self-Efficacy Therapy Transtheoretical model (TTM) on Cognitive-Emotional regulation , Mind control and pain Patients with chronic pain, Journal of Health Psychology. 2018; 7(1 (25) ):35-55. [Persian]
12-Dadfar M, Atefvahid M K, Kazemi H& etal. Cognitive analytic therapy. 2 nd ed. Tehran, Iran: Mirmah Puplication 2013. P. 92. [ Persian].
13-Baronian R , Leggett S T. Brief cognitive analytic therapy for adults with chronic Pain: a preliminary evaluation of treatment outcome. British Journal of Pain 2020: 14 (1):57- 67.
14-Pampallona S, Bollini P, Tibaldi G, & etal . Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment for depression: A systematic review. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004; 61(7), 714-719.
15-Bagby RM, Parker JD, Taylor GJ. The twenty- item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1994; 38(1), 23-38.
16-Pyle A, Kerr BI. Cognitive analytic therapy. Journal of Psychiatry. 2003; 183(1), 79 – 85.
17-Taylor S, Cox BJ. An expanded anxiety sensitivity index: evidence for a hierarchic structure in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1998; 12(5): 463 – 83.
18-Moradi Manesh M, Mirjafari SA, Godarzi M, & etal . Examining the psychometric properties of the Revised Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASIR). Journal of Psychology, 2016; 16(11): 426-446. . [Persian]
19-Sulivan M J L, Bishop S, Pivik G. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychological Assessment 1995; 7(4): 524 – 535.
20-Mohammadi S, Dehghani M, Heydari M. Examining psychological similarities related to pain in patients with musculoskeletal pain and their spouses. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2012;7(1):57-66. . [Persian]
21-Yousefi A, Rahimian Boogar I, Rezaei A.M. The Effectiveness of Cognitive Analytic Therapy on Mental Health of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2013; 5(3): 1-12.[Persian]
22-Pozza A, Dettrore D. Psychometric evidence of the italian anxiety sensitivity index 3(ASL-3) in Patients with anxiety disorders and psychosis. Science and Education Publishing 2015; 3(1): 7- 17.
23-Kellett S, Stockton C, Marshall H, & etal. Efficacy of narrative reformulation during cognitive analytic therapy for depression: Randomized dismantling trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2018; 239: 37–47.
24-Parry G, Bennett D, Roth A D, & etal. Developing competence frame work for cognitive analytic therapy. Psychology and Psychotherapy 2020; 94 (1): 151- 170.
25-Mc Cutcheon L K, Kerr IB, Chanen A M .Cognitive analytic therapy: A relational approach to young people with severe personality disorder', In Case formulation for personality disorders. In case formalation for personality disorder. Academic Press 2019;22(1): 95-11.
Delaram Biriaei Najaf Abadi(MS.c.)1, Marzieh Badihi(MS.c.)2 ,Zahra Rabiee(B.S.)3,Mojgan Shokrolahi(Ph.D.)4
1.Master, Faculty of Humanities, Ragheb Esfahani Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
2. Master's student, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Badrood Branch, Badrood, Iran
3. Bachelor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Payam Noor University, Gaz Branch, Barkhor, Iran.
4. Corresponding author : Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Quranic and Atrat Studies, Isfahan, Iran
Contact phone: 09137545704 Email: mojganshokrolahi@gmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy on anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test ,a two months' follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population included all the patients with chronic pain in Isfahan city in 2022. Sampling was done through convenience sampling method among the volunteer patients referred to private clinics in two stages. 24 patients with chronic pain who scored above 60 in Toronto alexithymia questionnaire (1994) were selected and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 12). The instruments included Sullivan's pain catastrophizing scale questionnaire (1995) and Taylor and Cox's anxiety sensitivity questionnaire (1998. The experimental group received cognitive analytical therapy for 16 90-minute sessions once a week, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measure and ANOVA analysis.
Results: The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the adjusted mean of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing in the two groups. The mean scores of anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing variables increased in post-test and follow-up phase (P<0/05). Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive analytic therapy was effective for anxiety sensitivity and catastrophizing pain in patients with chronic pain and alexithymia (P<0/05).
Conclusion: Considering the effect of cognitive analytic therapy on anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing, this treatment method can be used to improve patients with chronic pain and alexithymia.
Keywords : Cognitive-analytic therapy, Anxiety sensitivity, Pain catastrophizing, Chronic pain, Alexithymia
References
1-Kiani S, Sabahi P, Makvand Hosaini S & etal . Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on the pain self-efficacy of patients with chronic pain. Journal of Psychological Science 2020;19(89 ):567-578. [Persian]
2-Anvari M, Ebrahimi A, Neshatdoost H, & etal. The effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment Therapy on pain-related anxiety, acceptance of pain and pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. Journal of Isfahan Medical School 2014 ; 32(295):1-10. [Persian]
3-Bottiroli S, Galli F, Viana M, & et al. Alexithymia and chronic migraine with medication overase what relationship. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2019 ; 16(1): 150-162.
4-Aaron RV, Fisher EA, De lavega R & etal. Alexithymia in individuals With chronic pain and it,s relation to pain intensity physical interference, depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta analysis. Pain. 2019 ;16(5): 994-1006.
5-Bottiroli S, Galli F, Viana M & et al. Alexithymia and chronic migraine with medication overase what relationship. The Journal of Headache and Pain.2021; 16(1): 150-162.
6-Davis MS, Zautra AJ, Wolf LD & etal . Mindfulness and cognitive behavioral interventions for chronic pain: differential effects on daily pain reactivity and stress reactivity. Consult Clin Psychol. 2020; 83(1): 24-35.
7-Beak IC, Lee Eh, kim JH. Differenced in anxiety sensitivity factors between anxiety and depressive disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 2019; 36 (10): 968- 974 .
8-Flink ZL, Boersma K, Linton SJ. Pain catastrophizing as repetitive negative thinking: a development of the conceptualization. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. 2013; 42 (3): 215- 223.
9-Suso- Ribera C, Carcia- Palacios A, Botella C & etal. Pain catastrophizing and it,s relationship with Health outcomes: does pain intensity matter. Pain Research & Management. 2017; 32(8):1- 8.
10-Amini-Fasakhoudi M, Mahmoud Alilou M, Tahmassian K & etal. Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy techniques in reducing problems of patients with preoccupied attachment style having chronic musculoskeletal pain: a single case study .Feyz 2017; 20 (6) :539-550. [Persian]
11-Mostafaie A, Zare H, Alipour A, & etal. Effectiveness of Decisional and Self-Efficacy Therapy Transtheoretical model (TTM) on Cognitive-Emotional regulation , Mind control and pain Patients with chronic pain, Journal of Health Psychology. 2018; 7(1 (25) ):35-55. [Persian]
12-Dadfar M, Atefvahid M K, Kazemi H& etal. Cognitive analytic therapy. 2 nd ed. Tehran, Iran: Mirmah Puplication 2013. P. 92. [ Persian].
13-Baronian R , Leggett S T. Brief cognitive analytic therapy for adults with chronic Pain: a preliminary evaluation of treatment outcome. British Journal of Pain 2020: 14 (1):57- 67.
14-Pampallona S, Bollini P, Tibaldi G, & etal . Combined pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment for depression: A systematic review. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004; 61(7), 714-719.
15-Bagby RM, Parker JD, Taylor GJ. The twenty- item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1994; 38(1), 23-38.
16-Pyle A, Kerr BI. Cognitive analytic therapy. Journal of Psychiatry. 2003; 183(1), 79 – 85.
17-Taylor S, Cox BJ. An expanded anxiety sensitivity index: evidence for a hierarchic structure in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1998; 12(5): 463 – 83.
18-Moradi Manesh M, Mirjafari SA, Godarzi M, & etal . Examining the psychometric properties of the Revised Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASIR). Journal of Psychology, 2016; 16(11): 426-446. . [Persian]
19-Sulivan M J L, Bishop S, Pivik G. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychological Assessment 1995; 7(4): 524 – 535.
20-Mohammadi S, Dehghani M, Heydari M. Examining psychological similarities related to pain in patients with musculoskeletal pain and their spouses. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2012;7(1):57-66. . [Persian]
21-Yousefi A, Rahimian Boogar I, Rezaei A.M. The Effectiveness of Cognitive Analytic Therapy on Mental Health of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2013; 5(3): 1-12.[Persian]
22-Pozza A, Dettrore D. Psychometric evidence of the italian anxiety sensitivity index 3(ASL-3) in Patients with anxiety disorders and psychosis. Science and Education Publishing 2015; 3(1): 7- 17.
23-Kellett S, Stockton C, Marshall H, & etal. Efficacy of narrative reformulation during cognitive analytic therapy for depression: Randomized dismantling trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2018; 239: 37–47.
24-Parry G, Bennett D, Roth A D, & etal. Developing competence frame work for cognitive analytic therapy. Psychology and Psychotherapy 2020; 94 (1): 151- 170.
25-Mc Cutcheon L K, Kerr IB, Chanen A M .Cognitive analytic therapy: A relational approach to young people with severe personality disorder', In Case formulation for personality disorders. In case formalation for personality disorder. Academic Press 2019;22(1): 95-11.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychology
Received: 2023/10/13 | Accepted: 2024/01/2 | Published: 2024/03/16
Received: 2023/10/13 | Accepted: 2024/01/2 | Published: 2024/03/16
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