Volume 20, Issue 6 (1-2022)
TB 2022, 20(6): 33-45 |
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Research code: IR.KHOMEIN.REC.1399.013
Ethics code: IR.KHOMEIN.REC.1399.013
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Salami M, Salehi A, Momeni H, Azizi M. The Effect of Virtual Education on Self-Medication of Medical Sciences Students Based on the Health Belief Model. TB 2022; 20 (6) :33-45
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3278-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3278-en.html
khomein university of medical sciences , ma.azizi2020@gmail.com
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The Effect of Virtual Education on Self-Medication of Medical Sciences Students Based on the Health Belief Model
Moin Salami (B.S.) 1, Ashraf Salehi (M.Sc.) 2, Hamid Momeni (M.Sc.) 2, Mahdieh Azizi (M.Sc.) 3
1.B.S., Department of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Science, Khomein, Iran.
2.M.Sc., Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
3.Corresponding Author: M.Sc., Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran. Email: ma.azizi2020@gmail.com Tel:09189596344
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of self-medication among medical sciences students, according to previous research, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education on self-medication of medical sciences students based on the health belief model.
Methods: The present quasi-experimental randomized controlled study was conducted on 110 students of Khomein University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The students were divided into experimental and control groups (55 people in each group) through two-stage sampling. The method of data collection was a questionnaire based on the health belief model about self-medication. The questionnaire was completed by both groups before and after the educational intervention. In order to analyze the data, Chi-square and independent and paired t-tests were used using SPSS26 software.
Results: There was no significant difference between the scores of experimental and control groups before the intervention in the constructs of the health belief model. After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.001) and perceived intensity (p=0.027) in the experimental group. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of other constructs between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion: Although virtual education intervention is effective in learning, it cannot provide a satisfactory quality of education. It is suggested that a study be conducted to compare the two methods of face-to-face and distance learning at the same time.
Keywords: Medicine, Self-Medication, SMS Messaging Service, Virtual Education, Health Belief Model
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1- Najafi T, Salemi S. Principles and Techniques of Nursing Potter and Perry. Potter P, Perry A, Stokert P.1st ed. Tehran: Jame Negar-Salemi Publishing.2013:14-6.
2-Jayasuriya Dc. Let pharmacists do more for health in developing countries. World Health Forum. 1994;15(4):403-5.
3-Delshad Noghabi A, Darabi F, Baloochi Beydokhti T, Shareinia H, Radmanesh R. Irrational use of Medicine Status in Elderly Population of Gonabad. journal of ofoghedanesh.2014;19(5):297-304. [Persian]
4-Mohammadi A, Abedini S, Montaseri M. Factors influencing self-medication in parents of 1-8 year old children referred to Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas. JPM.2019;6(1):62-70. [Persian]
5-Yazdi Feyzabadi V, Mehrolhassani MH, Iranmanesh M. Evaluation of Medication Consumption Indices in Iranfrom 2012 to 2015: A Descriptive Study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;14:72-81. [Persian]
6-Loyola Filho AI, Lima-Costa MF, Uchoa E. Bambui Project: a qualitative approach to self-medication. Cad Saude Publica. 2004;20(6):1661-9.
7-Purreza A, khalafi A, Ghiasi A, Farrokh Mojahed F, Nurmohammadi M. To Identify Self-medication Practice among Medical Students of Tehran University of Medical Science. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology.2013;8(4):40-6. [Persian]
8-Baghiani Moghadam M, Ehrampoush M. Evaluation of attitude and practice of students of Yazd University of medical sciences to self-medication. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (Tabib-E-Shargh).2006; 8:111-9.[Persian]
9-Greenhalgh T. Drug prescription and self-medication in India: an exploratory survey. Soc Sci Med.1997; 25: 307-18
10-Shamsi M, Tajik R, Mohammadbegee A . Effect of education based on Health Belief Model on self-medication in mothers referring to health centers of Arak. Arak University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2009; 12: 57-66. [Persian]
11- Margdari Nejad M, Kazemi SB, Kord F. The Prevalence of non-Prescription drugs and related factors in students of medical sciences in. 2017;29 (104):66- 74.[ Persian]
12-Afshary P, Mohammadi S, Koshteh S, Pajohideh SZ, Tabesh H. Survey on prevalence and causes of self-medication in women referring to health centers in Ahwaz, in 2013. Iran South Med J. 2015; 18(5):1034-44. [Persian]
13-Najafipour R, Shishehbor F, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M. Frequency of self-treatment among medical students studying in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 1395. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2018;17(4):331-44.[ Persian]
14-Asefzadeh S, Anbarloei M, Habibi Sh, Rezaei M. Selfmedication among the in-patients of Qazvin teaching hospitals. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences & Health Services.2002; 20: 48-54.[Persian]
15- Somi MH, Behshid M, Zamanzadeh V, Abbas-alizadeh Sh, Jabbari H, Yavarikia P, et al. Health seeking behavior of residents in northwestern Tabriz. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.2003; 59:77-81. [Persian]
16-Ramezani H, Khalfi A, Heshmati H, Darvishpour K. Evaluation of self-medication with drugs in students of Torbat Heydariyeh universities in 2014. Health Quarterly.1394; 3(4): 29-4.[Persian]
17-Rezaei Jaberee S, Hassani L, Aghamolaei T, Mohseni S, Islamic H. Study on the Effect of Educational Intervention based on Health Belief Model to Prevent the Arbitrary Use of Drugs in Women Referring to Health Centers of Bandar Abbas. IJHEHP. 2018;6(1):001-11. [Persian]
18-Tabiei S, Farajzadeh Z, Eizadpanah A. Self-medication with drug amongst university students of Birjand. Modern Care Journal. 2012;9(4):371-8. [Persian]
19-Tajik R, Shamsi M, Mohammad Beigi A. Prevalence of self-medication and some factors affecting it in women in Arak. Scientific Journal of Hamadan School of Nursing and Midwifery. 2009;16 (1): 34-29. [Persian]
20-Pakseresht S, Khalili Sabet M, Vahedi MA, Monfared A. comparative Study for Knowledge and Attitudes of Virtual and Non-Virtual Students Towards E-Learning. Research in Medical Education. 2016;8(4).61-8. [Persian]
21-Jafari M, Pasdar Y, Rezay M. Comparison of nutritional education using the blog, collaboration blog and SMS on blood glucose and lipid levels in type II diabetic patients. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2013;56(5):261-6. [Persian]
22-Mohammadi B, Vahedparast H, Ravanipour M, Sadeghi T. Comparing the Effects of Heart Dysrhythmia Training Through Both Lecture and Multimedia Software Approaches on the Knowledge Retention of Nursing Students. J Educ Dev Jundishapur.2015;6(2):115-21. [Persian]
23-Sabouri S, Alimardanadeh M. Exploring the Possible Effect of Virtual Education and face-to-face education methods on the score of Kerman pharmacy students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education.2020: 20(5).35-42.[Persian]
24-Bostanchi F, Parhizkar A, Salehi K, Nasiri Kalmarzi R,Roshani D. The Effect of Virtual Education on the Quality of Life of Asthmatic Patients, Tohid Hospital in, Sanandaj City,2018. Journal of Nursing Education (JNE). 2020;9(2).10-18. [Persian]
25- Zolfaghari M, Mousavifar SA, Haghani H. Mobile phone text messaging and Telephone follow-up in type 2 diabetic patients for 3 months: a comparative study. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2012;11(1). [Persian]
26- Parizad N, Hemmati Maslakpak M, Khalkhali H. The Effect of Tele-Education by Telephone and Short Message Service on Laboratory Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci.2014;14(1):7-17. [Persian]
27-Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health education quarterly.1988;15(2):175-83.
28-Alshakka M, Al-Abd N, Alkubati S. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Medication: A Cross-sectional Study among Yemeni Health Profession Students. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019;9(3):130-7.
29- Shamsi M, Bayati A. The Effect of Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pregnant Woman Referring to Health Centers About Self-Medication in Arak City. GMUHS Journal. 2009;15(4):27-36. [Persian]
30-Movahed E, Shojaeizadeh D, Zareipour MA, Arefi Z, Shaahmadi F, Ameri M. The effect of health belief model-based trainingon self-medication among the male high school students. Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion.2014;2(1):65-72.[Persian]
31-James H, Handu SS, Khalid AJ, Khaja A, Otoom S, Sequeira RP. Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among first-year medical students. Med Princ Pract. 2006;15:270–5.
32- Badiger S, Kundapur R, Jain A, Kumar A, Pattanshetty S, Thakolkaran N, et al. Self-medication patterns among medical students in South India. AMJ. 2012;5(4):217-20.
Moin Salami (B.S.) 1, Ashraf Salehi (M.Sc.) 2, Hamid Momeni (M.Sc.) 2, Mahdieh Azizi (M.Sc.) 3
1.B.S., Department of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Science, Khomein, Iran.
2.M.Sc., Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
3.Corresponding Author: M.Sc., Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran. Email: ma.azizi2020@gmail.com Tel:09189596344
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of self-medication among medical sciences students, according to previous research, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education on self-medication of medical sciences students based on the health belief model.
Methods: The present quasi-experimental randomized controlled study was conducted on 110 students of Khomein University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The students were divided into experimental and control groups (55 people in each group) through two-stage sampling. The method of data collection was a questionnaire based on the health belief model about self-medication. The questionnaire was completed by both groups before and after the educational intervention. In order to analyze the data, Chi-square and independent and paired t-tests were used using SPSS26 software.
Results: There was no significant difference between the scores of experimental and control groups before the intervention in the constructs of the health belief model. After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.001) and perceived intensity (p=0.027) in the experimental group. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of other constructs between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion: Although virtual education intervention is effective in learning, it cannot provide a satisfactory quality of education. It is suggested that a study be conducted to compare the two methods of face-to-face and distance learning at the same time.
Keywords: Medicine, Self-Medication, SMS Messaging Service, Virtual Education, Health Belief Model
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1- Najafi T, Salemi S. Principles and Techniques of Nursing Potter and Perry. Potter P, Perry A, Stokert P.1st ed. Tehran: Jame Negar-Salemi Publishing.2013:14-6.
2-Jayasuriya Dc. Let pharmacists do more for health in developing countries. World Health Forum. 1994;15(4):403-5.
3-Delshad Noghabi A, Darabi F, Baloochi Beydokhti T, Shareinia H, Radmanesh R. Irrational use of Medicine Status in Elderly Population of Gonabad. journal of ofoghedanesh.2014;19(5):297-304. [Persian]
4-Mohammadi A, Abedini S, Montaseri M. Factors influencing self-medication in parents of 1-8 year old children referred to Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas. JPM.2019;6(1):62-70. [Persian]
5-Yazdi Feyzabadi V, Mehrolhassani MH, Iranmanesh M. Evaluation of Medication Consumption Indices in Iranfrom 2012 to 2015: A Descriptive Study. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;14:72-81. [Persian]
6-Loyola Filho AI, Lima-Costa MF, Uchoa E. Bambui Project: a qualitative approach to self-medication. Cad Saude Publica. 2004;20(6):1661-9.
7-Purreza A, khalafi A, Ghiasi A, Farrokh Mojahed F, Nurmohammadi M. To Identify Self-medication Practice among Medical Students of Tehran University of Medical Science. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology.2013;8(4):40-6. [Persian]
8-Baghiani Moghadam M, Ehrampoush M. Evaluation of attitude and practice of students of Yazd University of medical sciences to self-medication. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (Tabib-E-Shargh).2006; 8:111-9.[Persian]
9-Greenhalgh T. Drug prescription and self-medication in India: an exploratory survey. Soc Sci Med.1997; 25: 307-18
10-Shamsi M, Tajik R, Mohammadbegee A . Effect of education based on Health Belief Model on self-medication in mothers referring to health centers of Arak. Arak University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2009; 12: 57-66. [Persian]
11- Margdari Nejad M, Kazemi SB, Kord F. The Prevalence of non-Prescription drugs and related factors in students of medical sciences in. 2017;29 (104):66- 74.[ Persian]
12-Afshary P, Mohammadi S, Koshteh S, Pajohideh SZ, Tabesh H. Survey on prevalence and causes of self-medication in women referring to health centers in Ahwaz, in 2013. Iran South Med J. 2015; 18(5):1034-44. [Persian]
13-Najafipour R, Shishehbor F, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M. Frequency of self-treatment among medical students studying in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 1395. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2018;17(4):331-44.[ Persian]
14-Asefzadeh S, Anbarloei M, Habibi Sh, Rezaei M. Selfmedication among the in-patients of Qazvin teaching hospitals. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences & Health Services.2002; 20: 48-54.[Persian]
15- Somi MH, Behshid M, Zamanzadeh V, Abbas-alizadeh Sh, Jabbari H, Yavarikia P, et al. Health seeking behavior of residents in northwestern Tabriz. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.2003; 59:77-81. [Persian]
16-Ramezani H, Khalfi A, Heshmati H, Darvishpour K. Evaluation of self-medication with drugs in students of Torbat Heydariyeh universities in 2014. Health Quarterly.1394; 3(4): 29-4.[Persian]
17-Rezaei Jaberee S, Hassani L, Aghamolaei T, Mohseni S, Islamic H. Study on the Effect of Educational Intervention based on Health Belief Model to Prevent the Arbitrary Use of Drugs in Women Referring to Health Centers of Bandar Abbas. IJHEHP. 2018;6(1):001-11. [Persian]
18-Tabiei S, Farajzadeh Z, Eizadpanah A. Self-medication with drug amongst university students of Birjand. Modern Care Journal. 2012;9(4):371-8. [Persian]
19-Tajik R, Shamsi M, Mohammad Beigi A. Prevalence of self-medication and some factors affecting it in women in Arak. Scientific Journal of Hamadan School of Nursing and Midwifery. 2009;16 (1): 34-29. [Persian]
20-Pakseresht S, Khalili Sabet M, Vahedi MA, Monfared A. comparative Study for Knowledge and Attitudes of Virtual and Non-Virtual Students Towards E-Learning. Research in Medical Education. 2016;8(4).61-8. [Persian]
21-Jafari M, Pasdar Y, Rezay M. Comparison of nutritional education using the blog, collaboration blog and SMS on blood glucose and lipid levels in type II diabetic patients. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2013;56(5):261-6. [Persian]
22-Mohammadi B, Vahedparast H, Ravanipour M, Sadeghi T. Comparing the Effects of Heart Dysrhythmia Training Through Both Lecture and Multimedia Software Approaches on the Knowledge Retention of Nursing Students. J Educ Dev Jundishapur.2015;6(2):115-21. [Persian]
23-Sabouri S, Alimardanadeh M. Exploring the Possible Effect of Virtual Education and face-to-face education methods on the score of Kerman pharmacy students. Iranian Journal of Medical Education.2020: 20(5).35-42.[Persian]
24-Bostanchi F, Parhizkar A, Salehi K, Nasiri Kalmarzi R,Roshani D. The Effect of Virtual Education on the Quality of Life of Asthmatic Patients, Tohid Hospital in, Sanandaj City,2018. Journal of Nursing Education (JNE). 2020;9(2).10-18. [Persian]
25- Zolfaghari M, Mousavifar SA, Haghani H. Mobile phone text messaging and Telephone follow-up in type 2 diabetic patients for 3 months: a comparative study. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2012;11(1). [Persian]
26- Parizad N, Hemmati Maslakpak M, Khalkhali H. The Effect of Tele-Education by Telephone and Short Message Service on Laboratory Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci.2014;14(1):7-17. [Persian]
27-Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health education quarterly.1988;15(2):175-83.
28-Alshakka M, Al-Abd N, Alkubati S. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Medication: A Cross-sectional Study among Yemeni Health Profession Students. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019;9(3):130-7.
29- Shamsi M, Bayati A. The Effect of Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pregnant Woman Referring to Health Centers About Self-Medication in Arak City. GMUHS Journal. 2009;15(4):27-36. [Persian]
30-Movahed E, Shojaeizadeh D, Zareipour MA, Arefi Z, Shaahmadi F, Ameri M. The effect of health belief model-based trainingon self-medication among the male high school students. Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion.2014;2(1):65-72.[Persian]
31-James H, Handu SS, Khalid AJ, Khaja A, Otoom S, Sequeira RP. Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among first-year medical students. Med Princ Pract. 2006;15:270–5.
32- Badiger S, Kundapur R, Jain A, Kumar A, Pattanshetty S, Thakolkaran N, et al. Self-medication patterns among medical students in South India. AMJ. 2012;5(4):217-20.
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Received: 2021/11/14 | Accepted: 2022/03/5 | Published: 2022/01/30
Received: 2021/11/14 | Accepted: 2022/03/5 | Published: 2022/01/30
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