Volume 20, Issue 6 (1-2022)
TB 2022, 20(6): 46-57 |
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Research code: 9904242556
Ethics code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1399.377
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Sadri M, Khazaei S, Bashiriyan S, Barati M. Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 Disease and Its Related Factors in the Elderly of Hamadan. TB 2022; 20 (6) :46-57
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3241-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3241-en.html
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Barati@umsha.ac.ir
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Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 Disease and Its Related Factors in the Elderly of Hamadan
Mohadese sadri (M.Sc.)1, Salman Khazaei (P.hD.)2, saeeid Bashiriyan (P.hD.)3, Majid Barati (P.hD.)4
1.M.Sc, Department of Health education and promotion, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
2.Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3. Professor, Research Center for Social Factors Affecting Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4.Corresponding Author:AssociateProfessor, Research Center for Social Factors Affecting Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran . Email: m_baratimehr@yahoo.com Tel: 081-38380090
Abstract
Introduction: The elderly are at risk of COVID-19, so preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing the incidence and mortality of this disease among this group. This study aimed to investigate the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 disease and its related factors in the elderly of Hamadan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 elderly people covered by retirement centers in Hamadan in the second half of 2021. The subjects were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection containing demographic variables and questions related to preventive behaviors. The data were analyzed by SPSS16 software using descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 64.11 ± 4.47 (ranging from 60 to 87 years). They were in a good condition in terms of refraining from handshakes or kisses and frequent hand washing with soap and water, and they were in unfavorable condition in terms of using gloves. There was a significant relationship between gender, occupation, and death of spouse or children with preventive behaviors.
Conclusion: It is necessary to identify the factors affecting the performance of preventive behaviors in order to increase these behaviors in the elderly as one of the high-risk groups.
Keywords: COVID-19 Disease, Retirement Centers, Background Variables, Preventive Behaviors
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1-Amente T, Kebede B.Determinants of health service utilization among older adults in Bedele Town, illubabor zone, Ethiopia. J Diabetes Metab.2016;7(11):1-7.
2-Saboor M, Kamrani A, Momtaz YA, Sahaf R. Prevalence and associated factors of potentially inappropriate medications among Iranian older adults.2019;16:121-7.
3-Zhang J, Xu L, Li J, Sun L, Ding G, Qin W, et al. Loneliness and health service utilization among the rural elderly in Shandong, China: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2018;15(7):1468.
4-Vaziri E, FeizAbadi M, Delbari A, Sakhaei A. Identifying the needs and services expected by the elderly from the Iran public libraries: Content analysis. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries.2021;26(4):665-95.
5-Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2004;430(6996):242-9.
6-Suwantarat N, Apisarnthanarak A. Risks to healthcare workers with emerging diseases: lessons from MERS-CoV, Ebola, Sars, and avian flu. Current opinion in infectious diseases. 2015;28(4):349-61.
7-Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020:105924 .
8-Li G, Liu Y, Jing X, Wang Y, Miao M, Tao L, et al. Mortality risk of COVID-19 in elderly males with comorbidities: A multi-country study. Aging (Albany NY). 2021;27(1):13.
9-Benksim A, Rachid A, Cherkaoui M. Vulnerability and fragility expose older adults to the potential dangers of COVID-19 pandemic. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2020; 49:122-4.
10-Jannat Alipoor Z, Fotokian Z. COVID-19 and the Elderly with Chronic diseases: Narrative Review. Journal Mil Med.2020;22(6):632-40.
11-Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of autoimmunity. 2020; 109:102433.
12-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html.
13-Nikolich-Zugich J, Knox KS, Rios CT, Natt B, Bhattacharya D, Fain MJ. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. Geroscience. 2020;42(2):505-14.
14-Nikpouraghdam M, Farahani AJ, Alishiri G, Heydari S, Ebrahimnia M, Samadinia H, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in IRAN: A single center study. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2020; 127:104378.
15-Pimentel J, Laurie C, Cockcroft A, Andersson N. Clinical studies assessing the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in management of COVID‐19: A scoping review. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2021;87(7):2663-84.
16-Tavakoli A, Vahdat K, Keshavarz M. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an emerging infectious disease in the 21st century. ISMJ. 2020;22(6):432-50.
17-Eichenbaum MS, Rebelo S, Trabandt M. The macroeconomics of epidemics. The Review of Financial Studies. 2021;34(11):5149-87.
18-Delshad Noghabi A, Yoshany N, Mohammadzadeh F, Javanbakht S. Predictors of Covid-19 Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Population over 15 Years Old: An Application of Health Belief Model. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.2020;30(191):13-21.
19-Hamm R. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Prevention and control in the radiology department. Radiologic technology. 2020;91(5):485-8.
20-Archana R, Varadharaju B. The Corona care–Prevention is better than cure. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2020; 1:81-5.
21-Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Khazaei S, Barati M, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Zareian S, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Moeini B. Factors associated with preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among hospital staff in Iran in 2020: an application of the Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020;105(3):430-3.
22-Stickley A, Matsubayashi T, Ueda M. Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults. Journal of Public Health. 2021;43(1):53-60.
23-Poonaklom P, Rungram V, Abthaisong P, Piralam B. Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviors towards Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) among Adults in Kalasin Province, Thailand, 2020. OSIR Journal.2020;13.
24-Leigh L, Taylor C, Glassman T, Thompson A, Sheu JJ. A cross-sectional examination of the factors related to emergency nurses’ motivation to protect themselves against an Ebola infection. Journal of emergency nursing. 2020;46(6):814-26.
25-Khazaei S, Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Barati M, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Moeini B, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Karami M, Khazaei M, Hashemi SZ, Ataei A. COVID-19 preventive behaviors and its related beliefs among health workers: The role of threat and coping appraisals. J Educ Community Health.2020;7(3):221-7.
26-Sun Z, Yang B, Zhang R, Cheng X. Influencing factors of understanding COVID-19 risks and coping behaviors among the elderly population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(16):5889.
27-Huh S. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions. 2020; 17:10.
28-Haischer MH, Beilfuss R, Hart MR, Opielinski L, Wrucke D, Zirgaitis G, et al. Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plos one. 2020;15(10):0240785.
29-Wang PW, Ko NY, Chang YP, et al. Subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: Their association with the adoption of protective behaviors and mental health problems. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(18):6827.
30-Daoust JF. Elderly people and responses to COVID-19 in 27 Countries. PloS one. 2020;15(7):0235590.
31-Camacho-Rivera M, Islam JY, Vidot DC. Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey. Health equity. 2020;4(1):336-44.
Mohadese sadri (M.Sc.)1, Salman Khazaei (P.hD.)2, saeeid Bashiriyan (P.hD.)3, Majid Barati (P.hD.)4
1.M.Sc, Department of Health education and promotion, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
2.Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
3. Professor, Research Center for Social Factors Affecting Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4.Corresponding Author:AssociateProfessor, Research Center for Social Factors Affecting Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran . Email: m_baratimehr@yahoo.com Tel: 081-38380090
Abstract
Introduction: The elderly are at risk of COVID-19, so preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing the incidence and mortality of this disease among this group. This study aimed to investigate the preventive behaviors of COVID-19 disease and its related factors in the elderly of Hamadan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 elderly people covered by retirement centers in Hamadan in the second half of 2021. The subjects were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection containing demographic variables and questions related to preventive behaviors. The data were analyzed by SPSS16 software using descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 64.11 ± 4.47 (ranging from 60 to 87 years). They were in a good condition in terms of refraining from handshakes or kisses and frequent hand washing with soap and water, and they were in unfavorable condition in terms of using gloves. There was a significant relationship between gender, occupation, and death of spouse or children with preventive behaviors.
Conclusion: It is necessary to identify the factors affecting the performance of preventive behaviors in order to increase these behaviors in the elderly as one of the high-risk groups.
Keywords: COVID-19 Disease, Retirement Centers, Background Variables, Preventive Behaviors
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1-Amente T, Kebede B.Determinants of health service utilization among older adults in Bedele Town, illubabor zone, Ethiopia. J Diabetes Metab.2016;7(11):1-7.
2-Saboor M, Kamrani A, Momtaz YA, Sahaf R. Prevalence and associated factors of potentially inappropriate medications among Iranian older adults.2019;16:121-7.
3-Zhang J, Xu L, Li J, Sun L, Ding G, Qin W, et al. Loneliness and health service utilization among the rural elderly in Shandong, China: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2018;15(7):1468.
4-Vaziri E, FeizAbadi M, Delbari A, Sakhaei A. Identifying the needs and services expected by the elderly from the Iran public libraries: Content analysis. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries.2021;26(4):665-95.
5-Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2004;430(6996):242-9.
6-Suwantarat N, Apisarnthanarak A. Risks to healthcare workers with emerging diseases: lessons from MERS-CoV, Ebola, Sars, and avian flu. Current opinion in infectious diseases. 2015;28(4):349-61.
7-Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020:105924 .
8-Li G, Liu Y, Jing X, Wang Y, Miao M, Tao L, et al. Mortality risk of COVID-19 in elderly males with comorbidities: A multi-country study. Aging (Albany NY). 2021;27(1):13.
9-Benksim A, Rachid A, Cherkaoui M. Vulnerability and fragility expose older adults to the potential dangers of COVID-19 pandemic. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2020; 49:122-4.
10-Jannat Alipoor Z, Fotokian Z. COVID-19 and the Elderly with Chronic diseases: Narrative Review. Journal Mil Med.2020;22(6):632-40.
11-Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of autoimmunity. 2020; 109:102433.
12-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html.
13-Nikolich-Zugich J, Knox KS, Rios CT, Natt B, Bhattacharya D, Fain MJ. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. Geroscience. 2020;42(2):505-14.
14-Nikpouraghdam M, Farahani AJ, Alishiri G, Heydari S, Ebrahimnia M, Samadinia H, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in IRAN: A single center study. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2020; 127:104378.
15-Pimentel J, Laurie C, Cockcroft A, Andersson N. Clinical studies assessing the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of remdesivir in management of COVID‐19: A scoping review. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2021;87(7):2663-84.
16-Tavakoli A, Vahdat K, Keshavarz M. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an emerging infectious disease in the 21st century. ISMJ. 2020;22(6):432-50.
17-Eichenbaum MS, Rebelo S, Trabandt M. The macroeconomics of epidemics. The Review of Financial Studies. 2021;34(11):5149-87.
18-Delshad Noghabi A, Yoshany N, Mohammadzadeh F, Javanbakht S. Predictors of Covid-19 Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Population over 15 Years Old: An Application of Health Belief Model. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.2020;30(191):13-21.
19-Hamm R. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Prevention and control in the radiology department. Radiologic technology. 2020;91(5):485-8.
20-Archana R, Varadharaju B. The Corona care–Prevention is better than cure. Int J Res Pharm Sci. 2020; 1:81-5.
21-Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Khazaei S, Barati M, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Zareian S, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Moeini B. Factors associated with preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among hospital staff in Iran in 2020: an application of the Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020;105(3):430-3.
22-Stickley A, Matsubayashi T, Ueda M. Loneliness and COVID-19 preventive behaviours among Japanese adults. Journal of Public Health. 2021;43(1):53-60.
23-Poonaklom P, Rungram V, Abthaisong P, Piralam B. Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviors towards Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) among Adults in Kalasin Province, Thailand, 2020. OSIR Journal.2020;13.
24-Leigh L, Taylor C, Glassman T, Thompson A, Sheu JJ. A cross-sectional examination of the factors related to emergency nurses’ motivation to protect themselves against an Ebola infection. Journal of emergency nursing. 2020;46(6):814-26.
25-Khazaei S, Bashirian S, Jenabi E, Barati M, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Moeini B, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Karami M, Khazaei M, Hashemi SZ, Ataei A. COVID-19 preventive behaviors and its related beliefs among health workers: The role of threat and coping appraisals. J Educ Community Health.2020;7(3):221-7.
26-Sun Z, Yang B, Zhang R, Cheng X. Influencing factors of understanding COVID-19 risks and coping behaviors among the elderly population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(16):5889.
27-Huh S. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions. 2020; 17:10.
28-Haischer MH, Beilfuss R, Hart MR, Opielinski L, Wrucke D, Zirgaitis G, et al. Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Plos one. 2020;15(10):0240785.
29-Wang PW, Ko NY, Chang YP, et al. Subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: Their association with the adoption of protective behaviors and mental health problems. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(18):6827.
30-Daoust JF. Elderly people and responses to COVID-19 in 27 Countries. PloS one. 2020;15(7):0235590.
31-Camacho-Rivera M, Islam JY, Vidot DC. Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey. Health equity. 2020;4(1):336-44.
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Received: 2021/08/8 | Accepted: 2021/10/20 | Published: 2022/01/30
Received: 2021/08/8 | Accepted: 2021/10/20 | Published: 2022/01/30
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