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TB 2020, 19(5): 33-43 |
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Ethics code: IR.SSU.MEDICINE.REC.1398.323
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Fattahi Bafghi A, Sadeghi Bakhi S, Vakili M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among young couples near marriage referred to prenatal counseling in Yazd city, central of Iran. TB 2020; 19 (5) :33-43
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3028-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3028-en.html
Medical Parasitology Department, school of medicine, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran , samadsadeghibakhi56@gmail.com
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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection among Young Couples in the Verge of Marriage in Yazd, 2017
Ali Fattahi Bafghi (Ph.D.)1, Samad Sadeghi Bakhi (M.Sc.)2, Gilda Eslami (Ph.D.)3, Mahmoud Vakili (MD)4
1.Professor, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
2.Corresponding Author: M.Sc., Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Email: samadsadeghibakhi56@gmail.com Tel:09133580601
3.Associate Professor, Department of medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
4.Associate Professor, Community Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of parasitic infections in humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates that have worldwide spread. The purpose of this study was to determine the mean level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, IgM in young couples in the verge of marriage attending marriage preparation programs in Yazd Counseling Center, 2017.
Methods: In this study, 200 couples, who referred to Yazd Health Center were randomly selected. Samples were taken from the statistical populations and the presence of Toxoplasmosis infection was investigated in them. Later, the results were evaluated with specific IgM and IgG antibody kits and the data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software.
Results: Of a total of 200 Young Couples, 100 girls and 100 boys were studied, 25girls (25%) showed positive results for IgG and 75 (75%) had negative results. In 6 boys (6%), IgM was positive and in 94 (94%) boys the results were negative. IgM was positive and negative in 4 (4%) and 96 (96%) girls, respectively. Regarding IgG, 12 (12%) and 88 (88%) girls showed positive and negative results, respectively. No significant relationship was found between hair loss (0.614), job (0.470), level of education (p = 0.488), blood group (p = 0.618), and p = 0.663.
Conclusions: The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection is lower among young couples in the verge of marriage compared to similar studies. No significant relationship was observed in the main factors, such as keeping cats as pet; however, the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis infection was higher in people with lower education.
Keywords: Young Couples near Marriage, Seroepidemiology, Toxoplasmosis, IgG, IgM.
References
1-Fattahi-Bafghi A, Mirzaei F, Mirjalili A, Kazemi Arababadi M, Faridnia R, Fakhar M, Kalani K. Murine leukocytes stimulation by Toxoplasma gondii antigens induces high level of IFN-γ production; Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2020; 1-5.
2-Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. International journal for parasitology.2000;30(12-13):1217-58.
3- Flegr J. Effects of Toxoplasma on Human Behavior , Schizophrenia Bulletin.2007; 33(3):757-60.
4- Cook A, Holliman R, Gilbert R, Buffolano W, Zufferey J, Petersen E, et al. Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women . European multicentre case-control studyCommentary: Congenital toxoplasmosis—further thought for food. Bmj.2000; 321(7254):142-7.
5- Chaudhry SA, Gad N, Koren G. Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy.Canadian Family Physician. 2014;60(4):334-6.
6-Basavaraju A.Toxoplasmosis in HIV infection An overview , Tropical Parasitology.2016;6(2):129-35.
7- Belal US, Norose K, Mohamed RM, Naoi K, Yano A. Transplantation of skin grafts and organs infected with Toxoplasma gondii as a source of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised mice . 2011; 64(2):127-32.
8-Alday PH, Doggett JS. Drugs in development for toxoplasmosis: advances, challenges, and current status,Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2017;11:273-93.
9-Beran O, Kodym P, Maly M, Davidova A, Reinvartova G, Jilich D, et al. The Effect of Latent Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Immune Response in HIV-Infected Patients , BioMed Research International.2015:271842.
10- Hampton MM. Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Review. Neonatal Netw. 2015; 34(5):274-8.
11- Prusa AR, Kasper DC, Sawers L, Walter E, Hayde M, Stillwaggon E. Congenital toxoplasmosis in Austria: Prenatal screening for prevention is cost-saving. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11(7).
12- Beattie CP. The ecology of toxoplasmosis. Ecol Dis.1982; 1(1):13-20.
13- Hay J, Hutchison WM. Toxoplasma gondii--an environmental contaminant. Ecol Dis.1983; 2(1):33-43.
14-Jittapalapong S, Sarataphan N, Maruyama S, Hugot JP, Morand S, Herbreteau V. Toxoplasmosis in rodents: ecological survey and first evidences in Thailand , Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.2011; 11(3):231-7.
15-Mizani A, Alipour A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Amouei A, Shokri A, et al. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Iranian women and risk factors of the disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis , Tropical Medicine and Health. 2017;45(7).
16-Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, Mizani A, Ahmadpour E, Shokri A, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta tropica.2015; (20):137-85.
17-AnvariTafti M, Ghafourzadeh M. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in Yazd in 2012. Tolooebehdasht. [Research] 2014; 13(3):116-25.
18-Yousefi M, Sefidgar S, Hassanjani-Roshan M, Ashraf VS, Miliji G, Mostafa zae. Seroepidemiological survey in women referred to pre-marriage consultant center in Babol 2005.
19-Ajmi A. Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in women referred for tests before marriage in the province , Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences2011 :51-6.
20-Mohammadi A, Shojaee S, Salimi M, Zareei M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Women Referred to Arak Marriage Consulting Center during , Iranian Journal of Public Health.2015;44(5): 54-8.
21-Sharbatkhori M, Dadi Moghaddam Y, Pagheh AS, Mohammadi R, Hedayat Mofidi H, Shojaee S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Pregnant Women in Gorgan City, Golestan Province, Northern Iran.Iranian Journal of Parasitology.2012; 9(2):181-7.
22- Fouladvand MA, Barazesh A, Naiemi B, Vahdat K, Tahmasebi R. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Girl Students from Persian Gulf University and Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Iranian South Medical Journal. [Original]. 2010;13(2):114-22.
23-Rafie A. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma in Ahvaz medical university students in . Infectious Diseases and Tropical.2004; 35-41.
24-Dariani E, Sagha M. Sero-epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in girls referred of Ardabil heath center for pre-marriage tests . ArdabilUniversity of Medical Sciences J. 2004; 4(13):19-24.
26-Badparva E. Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Pregnant Women Referred to Health-Treatment Centers of Khoramabad.2001.
26-Asgari Q, Farzaneh A, Kalantari M, Akrami Mohajeri F, Moazeni M, Zarifi M, et al. Seroprevalence of free-Ranging chicken toxoplasmosis in sub-urban regions of Shiraz.Iran. Int J Poult Sci.2006; 5:262-4.
27- Rostamzadeh Khameneh Z, Hanifian H, Rostamzadeh A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women in Urmia, Iran. Int J Enteric Pathog.2016;4(2):33-50.
28-Fattahi Bafghi A, Anvari R, Anvari MH, Toxoplasmosis Seroepidemiology in Serum of Suspected Patients Attending Medical Lab Journal of Community Health Research.2015; 4(1):47-54.
29- Mostafavi SN, Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Yaran M, Babak A. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Isfahan province, central Iran: A population based study. Journal of Research in Medical.of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.2011;16(4):496-501.
30-Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Wilson M. Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence, United States Emerging Infectious Diseases.2007; 13(4):656-7.
31-Davoudi J, Sadaghyani M, Bahman Shabestray A, Rasooli S, Khodadadi A, Jafari K. Survey on serologic prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in males; Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch2012;( 6):1435-45.
32-Bajalan S, Maghsood AH, Zamani AR, Sepahvand K, Fallah M. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibody and oocyst shedding by parasitologic and serologic methods in stray cats of Khorramabad, west of Iran . scientific magazine yafte. [Research].2016;18(2):84-91
33-Fallah M, Rabiee S, Matini M, Taherkhani H. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in primigravida omen in Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran. 2008.
Ali Fattahi Bafghi (Ph.D.)1, Samad Sadeghi Bakhi (M.Sc.)2, Gilda Eslami (Ph.D.)3, Mahmoud Vakili (MD)4
1.Professor, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
2.Corresponding Author: M.Sc., Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Email: samadsadeghibakhi56@gmail.com Tel:09133580601
3.Associate Professor, Department of medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
4.Associate Professor, Community Medicine, Health Monitoring Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of parasitic infections in humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates that have worldwide spread. The purpose of this study was to determine the mean level of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG, IgM in young couples in the verge of marriage attending marriage preparation programs in Yazd Counseling Center, 2017.
Methods: In this study, 200 couples, who referred to Yazd Health Center were randomly selected. Samples were taken from the statistical populations and the presence of Toxoplasmosis infection was investigated in them. Later, the results were evaluated with specific IgM and IgG antibody kits and the data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software.
Results: Of a total of 200 Young Couples, 100 girls and 100 boys were studied, 25girls (25%) showed positive results for IgG and 75 (75%) had negative results. In 6 boys (6%), IgM was positive and in 94 (94%) boys the results were negative. IgM was positive and negative in 4 (4%) and 96 (96%) girls, respectively. Regarding IgG, 12 (12%) and 88 (88%) girls showed positive and negative results, respectively. No significant relationship was found between hair loss (0.614), job (0.470), level of education (p = 0.488), blood group (p = 0.618), and p = 0.663.
Conclusions: The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection is lower among young couples in the verge of marriage compared to similar studies. No significant relationship was observed in the main factors, such as keeping cats as pet; however, the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis infection was higher in people with lower education.
Keywords: Young Couples near Marriage, Seroepidemiology, Toxoplasmosis, IgG, IgM.
References
1-Fattahi-Bafghi A, Mirzaei F, Mirjalili A, Kazemi Arababadi M, Faridnia R, Fakhar M, Kalani K. Murine leukocytes stimulation by Toxoplasma gondii antigens induces high level of IFN-γ production; Comparative Clinical Pathology. 2020; 1-5.
2-Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. International journal for parasitology.2000;30(12-13):1217-58.
3- Flegr J. Effects of Toxoplasma on Human Behavior , Schizophrenia Bulletin.2007; 33(3):757-60.
4- Cook A, Holliman R, Gilbert R, Buffolano W, Zufferey J, Petersen E, et al. Sources of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women . European multicentre case-control studyCommentary: Congenital toxoplasmosis—further thought for food. Bmj.2000; 321(7254):142-7.
5- Chaudhry SA, Gad N, Koren G. Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy.Canadian Family Physician. 2014;60(4):334-6.
6-Basavaraju A.Toxoplasmosis in HIV infection An overview , Tropical Parasitology.2016;6(2):129-35.
7- Belal US, Norose K, Mohamed RM, Naoi K, Yano A. Transplantation of skin grafts and organs infected with Toxoplasma gondii as a source of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised mice . 2011; 64(2):127-32.
8-Alday PH, Doggett JS. Drugs in development for toxoplasmosis: advances, challenges, and current status,Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2017;11:273-93.
9-Beran O, Kodym P, Maly M, Davidova A, Reinvartova G, Jilich D, et al. The Effect of Latent Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Immune Response in HIV-Infected Patients , BioMed Research International.2015:271842.
10- Hampton MM. Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Review. Neonatal Netw. 2015; 34(5):274-8.
11- Prusa AR, Kasper DC, Sawers L, Walter E, Hayde M, Stillwaggon E. Congenital toxoplasmosis in Austria: Prenatal screening for prevention is cost-saving. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11(7).
12- Beattie CP. The ecology of toxoplasmosis. Ecol Dis.1982; 1(1):13-20.
13- Hay J, Hutchison WM. Toxoplasma gondii--an environmental contaminant. Ecol Dis.1983; 2(1):33-43.
14-Jittapalapong S, Sarataphan N, Maruyama S, Hugot JP, Morand S, Herbreteau V. Toxoplasmosis in rodents: ecological survey and first evidences in Thailand , Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.2011; 11(3):231-7.
15-Mizani A, Alipour A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Amouei A, Shokri A, et al. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Iranian women and risk factors of the disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis , Tropical Medicine and Health. 2017;45(7).
16-Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, Mizani A, Ahmadpour E, Shokri A, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta tropica.2015; (20):137-85.
17-AnvariTafti M, Ghafourzadeh M. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in Yazd in 2012. Tolooebehdasht. [Research] 2014; 13(3):116-25.
18-Yousefi M, Sefidgar S, Hassanjani-Roshan M, Ashraf VS, Miliji G, Mostafa zae. Seroepidemiological survey in women referred to pre-marriage consultant center in Babol 2005.
19-Ajmi A. Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in women referred for tests before marriage in the province , Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences2011 :51-6.
20-Mohammadi A, Shojaee S, Salimi M, Zareei M, Mohebali M, Keshavarz H. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Women Referred to Arak Marriage Consulting Center during , Iranian Journal of Public Health.2015;44(5): 54-8.
21-Sharbatkhori M, Dadi Moghaddam Y, Pagheh AS, Mohammadi R, Hedayat Mofidi H, Shojaee S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Pregnant Women in Gorgan City, Golestan Province, Northern Iran.Iranian Journal of Parasitology.2012; 9(2):181-7.
22- Fouladvand MA, Barazesh A, Naiemi B, Vahdat K, Tahmasebi R. Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Girl Students from Persian Gulf University and Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Iranian South Medical Journal. [Original]. 2010;13(2):114-22.
23-Rafie A. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma in Ahvaz medical university students in . Infectious Diseases and Tropical.2004; 35-41.
24-Dariani E, Sagha M. Sero-epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in girls referred of Ardabil heath center for pre-marriage tests . ArdabilUniversity of Medical Sciences J. 2004; 4(13):19-24.
26-Badparva E. Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Pregnant Women Referred to Health-Treatment Centers of Khoramabad.2001.
26-Asgari Q, Farzaneh A, Kalantari M, Akrami Mohajeri F, Moazeni M, Zarifi M, et al. Seroprevalence of free-Ranging chicken toxoplasmosis in sub-urban regions of Shiraz.Iran. Int J Poult Sci.2006; 5:262-4.
27- Rostamzadeh Khameneh Z, Hanifian H, Rostamzadeh A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women in Urmia, Iran. Int J Enteric Pathog.2016;4(2):33-50.
28-Fattahi Bafghi A, Anvari R, Anvari MH, Toxoplasmosis Seroepidemiology in Serum of Suspected Patients Attending Medical Lab Journal of Community Health Research.2015; 4(1):47-54.
29- Mostafavi SN, Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Yaran M, Babak A. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Isfahan province, central Iran: A population based study. Journal of Research in Medical.of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.2011;16(4):496-501.
30-Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Wilson M. Toxoplasma gondii Prevalence, United States Emerging Infectious Diseases.2007; 13(4):656-7.
31-Davoudi J, Sadaghyani M, Bahman Shabestray A, Rasooli S, Khodadadi A, Jafari K. Survey on serologic prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in males; Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch2012;( 6):1435-45.
32-Bajalan S, Maghsood AH, Zamani AR, Sepahvand K, Fallah M. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibody and oocyst shedding by parasitologic and serologic methods in stray cats of Khorramabad, west of Iran . scientific magazine yafte. [Research].2016;18(2):84-91
33-Fallah M, Rabiee S, Matini M, Taherkhani H. Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in primigravida omen in Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran. 2008.
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Received: 2020/02/26 | Accepted: 2020/05/17 | Published: 2021/01/20
Received: 2020/02/26 | Accepted: 2020/05/17 | Published: 2021/01/20
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