Volume 18, Issue 6 (2-2020)
TB 2020, 18(6): 70-89 |
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Shameli L, Davodi M. Disordered Eating Patterns and Sexual Self-Esteem in Married Women:
The Mediating Role of Body Image Concern. TB 2020; 18 (6) :70-89
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2971-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2971-en.html
Salman Farsi University of Kazerun , Lshameli29@yahoo.com
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Disordered Eating Patterns and Sexual Self-Esteem in Married Women: The Mediating Role of Body Image Concern
Leila Shameli (Ph.D.)1, Maryam Davodi (M.Sc.)2
1.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of Psychology, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran.
Email: Lshameli29@yahoo.com Tel: 09336598441
2. M.Sc. of General Psychology, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: The contemporary psychology is looking for numerous mediators and risk factors that may exacerbate the marital relationship with regard to the consequences of disordered eating patterns in general and sexual satisfaction in particular. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body image concern in the relationship between disordered eating patterns and sexual self-esteem in married women.
Methods: The participants of this study were 213 married women who referred to the nutrition department of Kazerun City in 2019 and were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, Eating Attitudes Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979), Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton et al., 2005), and Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory for Women (Zeanah, Schwarz, 1996) were used.
Results: The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the three subscales of disordered eating patterns were directly associated with sexual self-esteem. Of the above-mentioned patterns, only the "overeating and food preoccupation" pattern affected sexual self-esteem indirectly by mediating of body image concern (β= -0.14, P< 0.01). Therefore, it can be argued that overeating and food preoccupation reduced the sexual self-esteem in married women by increasing the body image concern.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicated the importance of simultaneous attention to disordered diets and body image concern for predicting sexual self-esteem in married women.
Keywords: Disordered Eating Patterns, Sexual Self-Esteem, Body Image Concern, Women
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no Conflict interest.
References
1-Thomas C, Wootten D, Psych AC, Robinson P, Law, PCF, McKenzie DP. The impact of sexual orientation on body image, self‐esteem, urinary and sexual functions in the experience of prostate cancer. Cancer care. 2019; 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12827
2-Gündüz N, Gokçen O, Eren F, Erzincan E, Timur O, Turan H, Polat A. The relationship between internet addiction and eating attitudes and obesity related problems among university students. Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry. 2019; 22 (4): 1-14.
3-Maloney MJ, McGuire J, Daniels, Specker B. Dieting behavior and eating attitudes in children. Pediatrics. 1989;84 (3): 482-9.
4-Kachooei M, Moradi AR, Kazemi AS, Ghanbari Z. The discriminative role of emotion regulation and impulsivityin different unhealthy eating patterns. Feyz. University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 20(4): 383-90. [Persian]
5-Sepulveda A, Carrobles JA, Gandarillas AM. Associated factors of unhealthy eating patterns among punish university students by gender. The Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2010; 13(1): 364-75.
6-Furnham A, Badmin N, Sneade I. Body image dissatisfaction: Gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise. The Journal of Psychology. 2002; 136 (6): 581–96
7-Kaveh m, Tabe Bordbar F. The relationship between disordered eating behavior with early maladaptive schemas and anxiety in adolescent female. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2018; 7(27): 161- 83. [Persian]
8-Shafiei G, Bashirpour S, Hassan Shiri S, Gilarlow ME. The role of physical control and self-description in predicting symptoms of eating disorder in female students. International Journal of Nation Research. 2016; 1(9): 63-74. [Persian]
9-Micali N, Holliday J, Karwautz A, Haidvogl M, Wagner G, Fernandez-Aranda F, et al. Childhood eating and weight in eating disorders: A multi-center European study of affected women and their unaffected sisters. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2007; 76 (4): 234-41.
10-Beth AV, Julien BA, Anthony FB, Michael CA. Psychopathy, sexual behavior and self-esteem, it's different for girls. Journal personality and individual differences. 2010; 48(7): 833-8.
11-Zeanah PD, Schwarz JC. Reliability and validity of the sexual self-esteem inventory for women. Assessment.1996; 3 (1): 1-15.
12- Harter, S. The perceived competence scale for children. Child development. 1984; 5(31): 87-97.
13-Qhasemi NA, Davoodi M, Zarei Z. The Role of Sexual Self-Esteem in Differentiation in Explaining the Function of the Family of Infertile Women. Contemporary Psychology. 2017; 12: 1318-22.
14-Danesh E, Rezabakhsh H, Bahmani Z, Saliminia N. The Relationship between Parenting Styles with Sexual Self-Esteem and its Components in Female University Students. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2010; 3(19): 39-55. [Persian]
15-Zamani S, Ahadi A, Asgari P. The relationship between emotional divorce and body image and perfectionism. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies. 2014; 10(4): 19- 139. [Persian]
16-Bergstrom RL, Neighbors C, Lewis M. Do men ‘bony” women attractive? Consequences of misperceiving opposite sex perceptions of attractive body image. Body image. 2003; 1: 183-91.
17-Meltzer AL, McNulty JK. Body image and marital satisfaction: Evidence for the mediating role of sexual frequency and sexual satisfaction. J Fam Psychol. 2010; 24(2); 156–64.
18-Fallbjörk U, Rasmussen BH, Karlsson S, Salander P. Aspects of body image after mastectomy due to breast cancer – A two-year follow-up study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2013; 17(3): 340-5.
19-De Graaf H, Sandfort TG. Gender differences in affective responses to sexual rejection. Arch Sex Behav. 2004; 3 (4): 395-403.
20-Krychman M, Kellogg Spadt S, Finestone S. 100 Question & Answers about breast cancer sensuality, sexuality, and intimacy (1 edition). Massachusetts: Jones& Bartlett learning. 2010.
21-Izydorczyk B, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Lizińczyk S, Lipiarz A. Psychological predictors of unhealthy eating attitudes in young adults. Front. Psychol. 2019; 10 (3): 1-13.
22-Striegle R, Smolak L, Farburn G, Brownell k. Ethnicity and eating disorder. Eating Disorder and Obesity. 2002; 2: 251-5.
23-Zanjani Z, Goodarzi MP. Study of validity and reliability of standard image stimulants in students of Shiraz university. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2010; 2 (10): 149-55. [Persian]
24-Gleeson K. Constructing body image. Journal of Health Psychology. 2006; 11(7): 79-90.
25-Cash T, Pruzinsky T. The psychology of physical appearance aesthetics, attributes, and homage, body image: Developmental, deviance and change. The Guilford Press.2002.
26-Shear h. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and sexual self-esteem in female sex workers. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2017; 18 (5): 249-58
27-Fobair P, Stewart SL, Chang S, D’onofrio C, Banks P. Body image and sexual problem in young women with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology. 2006; 15 (11): 579–94.
28-Hidaka BH. Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012; 140 (3): 205- 14.
29-Prioreschi A, Wrottesley SV, Cohen E, Reddy A, Said-Mohamed R, Twine R, Tollman SM, Kahn K, Dunger DB, Norris SA. Examining the relationships between body image, eating- attitudes, BMI, and physical activity in rural and urban South African young adult females using structural equation modeling. Plos one. 2017; 12 (11): 1-16.
30- Kline RB. Principles and practices of structural equation modeling (4nd Eds.). New York: Guilford Press. 2015.
31- Hoe SL. Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modeling technique. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods. 2008; 3 (1): 76-83.
32-Littleton HL, Axsom DS, Pury CL. Development of the body image concern inventory. Behavior Research and Therapy. 2005; 43 (2): 229-41.
33-Bassaknejhad S, Ghafari M. The relationship between body dysphoric concern and psychological problems among University Students. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2005; 1(2): 179-87. [Persian]
34- Mohammadi N, Sajadinejad M. The evaluation of psychometric properties of body image concern inventory and examination of a model about the relationship between body mass index, body image dissatisfaction and elf-esteem in adolescent girls. Psychological Studies. 2007; 3(1): 85-101. [Persian]
35-Farokhia S, Shareh H. Psychometric properties of the persian version of the sexual self-esteem index for woman-short form. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2014; 3(20): 252-63. [Persian]
36-Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine. 1979; 9(2): 273-9.
37-Carter PE, Moss RA. Screening for anorexia and bulimia nervosa in a college population: Problems and limitations. Addictive Behavior. 1984; 9 (4): 417-9
38-Babaei S, Khodapanahi MK, Sadeghpoor BS. Validation and validation of the eating feedback test. Behavioral Sciences. 2005; 1(1): 63-8. [Persian]
39-Dunkley CR, Gorzalka BB, Brotto A. Associations between sexual function and disordered eating among undergraduate women: An emphasis on sexual pain and distress. Journal of Sex & Marital. 2019; 17(7): 1-17.
40-Tylka TL, Calogero RM. Perceptions of male partner pressure to be thin and pornography use: Associations with eating disorder symptomatology in a community sample of adult women. Int J Eat Disord. 2018; 52(7): 189–94.
41-Siever MD. Sexual orientation and gender as factors in socio culturally acquired vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1994; 62(2): 252-60.
42-Talwar P. Self-esteem and anorectic eating concerns among female university students in Malaysia. MJP Online Early. 2012; 1 (21): 1- 9.
43-Hosseini F, Gorji E, Javadzade A. The effectiveness of Buckroyd’s Group-Based Therapeutic Approach on Increasing self-esteem and improving eating attitude of obese -20 to -30 year-old females in Esfahan. Journal of education and community Health. 2016; 3(1): 43-50. [Persian]
44- Karami J, Shalani B, Hoveyzi N. Relationship between Sexual Self-Esteem and Sexual Dysfunction with Marital Satisfaction in Nurses Hopitals Kermanshah City (Iran). Qom Univ Med Sci. 2017; 11(9):86-93. [Persian]
45-Manuela Peixoto M, Amarelo-Piresa I, Pimentel Biscaia MS, Machado PPP. Sexual self-esteem, sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction in Portuguese heterosexual university students. Psychology & Sexuality. 2018; 9 (4): 1-10.
46-Castellini G, Lelli L, Cassioli E, Ricca V. Relationships between eating disorder psychopathology, sexual hormones and sexual behaviors. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2019; 41(4): 36-7.
47-Castellini G, Maggi M, Ricca V. Sexual dysfunction in eating disorders. Sexual Dysfunctions in Mentally Ill Patients. 2018; 8: 119- 25.
48-Gupta NS, Bhatia GR, Shetty JV, Naphade NM, Datar MC. Assessment of body image and self-esteem among young adolescents. Medical Science. 2016; 6 (5): 48-69.
49-Bornefeld-Ettmann P, Steil R, Hofling V, Weblau C, Lieberz KA, Rausch S, Muller-Engelmann M. Validation of the German version of the sexual self-esteem inventory for women and its application in a sample of sexually and physically abused women. Sex Roles. 2017; 79(1-2): 109-22.
50-Hajishafiee M, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Roohafza HR, Afshar H, Feizi A, Adib P. Association between Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Adults. Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 4(4): 46-58. [Persian]
51-Hajnasiri H, Aslanbeygi N, Moafi F, Mafi M, Bajalan Z. Investigating the Relationship between Sexual Function and Mental Health in Pregnant Females. IJPN. 2018; 2(6): 32-9. [Persian]
52- Momeni M, Ghorbani A, Hasandoost F. Predictors of Body image dissatisfaction among students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. IJPN. 2016; 4 (1): 28-37. [Persian]
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55-Dibaei S, Agiular-Vafaei M, Janbozorgi M, Rasolzadeh-Tabatabaei K, Ashrafi E, Agah-Heris M, Hosseinpour A. Practical Components of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Weight Loss in Women: Directed Qualitative Content Analysis. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2017; 6(4): 461-76. [Persian]
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57- Levická K, Kovalčíková N, Kováčová L. Incidence of eating disorders in family environment in high school adolescents. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2014; 135(15): 391-7.
58-Bakhshipour B, Asadi M, Kiani AR, shiralipour A, Ahmaddoost H. The Relationship between Family Function and Marital Confliction Couples who had Decided to get Divorced. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2012; 13(2): 11-19. [Persian]
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62-Coyne LC. The Relationship Between Socio Cultura Influences and Disorder Eating Behaviors: Age-Related Differences in an Integrated Theoretical Model, Griffith University. 2007
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64-Peixoto MM, Amarelo-Pires I, Biscaia MSP, Machado PPP. Sexual self-esteem, sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction in Portuguese hetero sexual university students. Psychology& Sexuality. 2018; 9(4): 305-16.
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66-Tabak I, Mazur L, Oblacinska A. Body Mass, self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents aged 13-15 years. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2007; 11(3): 281-90.
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Leila Shameli (Ph.D.)1, Maryam Davodi (M.Sc.)2
1.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor of Psychology, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran.
Email: Lshameli29@yahoo.com Tel: 09336598441
2. M.Sc. of General Psychology, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: The contemporary psychology is looking for numerous mediators and risk factors that may exacerbate the marital relationship with regard to the consequences of disordered eating patterns in general and sexual satisfaction in particular. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body image concern in the relationship between disordered eating patterns and sexual self-esteem in married women.
Methods: The participants of this study were 213 married women who referred to the nutrition department of Kazerun City in 2019 and were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, Eating Attitudes Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979), Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton et al., 2005), and Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory for Women (Zeanah, Schwarz, 1996) were used.
Results: The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the three subscales of disordered eating patterns were directly associated with sexual self-esteem. Of the above-mentioned patterns, only the "overeating and food preoccupation" pattern affected sexual self-esteem indirectly by mediating of body image concern (β= -0.14, P< 0.01). Therefore, it can be argued that overeating and food preoccupation reduced the sexual self-esteem in married women by increasing the body image concern.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicated the importance of simultaneous attention to disordered diets and body image concern for predicting sexual self-esteem in married women.
Keywords: Disordered Eating Patterns, Sexual Self-Esteem, Body Image Concern, Women
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no Conflict interest.
References
1-Thomas C, Wootten D, Psych AC, Robinson P, Law, PCF, McKenzie DP. The impact of sexual orientation on body image, self‐esteem, urinary and sexual functions in the experience of prostate cancer. Cancer care. 2019; 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12827
2-Gündüz N, Gokçen O, Eren F, Erzincan E, Timur O, Turan H, Polat A. The relationship between internet addiction and eating attitudes and obesity related problems among university students. Turkish J Clinical Psychiatry. 2019; 22 (4): 1-14.
3-Maloney MJ, McGuire J, Daniels, Specker B. Dieting behavior and eating attitudes in children. Pediatrics. 1989;84 (3): 482-9.
4-Kachooei M, Moradi AR, Kazemi AS, Ghanbari Z. The discriminative role of emotion regulation and impulsivityin different unhealthy eating patterns. Feyz. University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 20(4): 383-90. [Persian]
5-Sepulveda A, Carrobles JA, Gandarillas AM. Associated factors of unhealthy eating patterns among punish university students by gender. The Spanish Journal of Psychology. 2010; 13(1): 364-75.
6-Furnham A, Badmin N, Sneade I. Body image dissatisfaction: Gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise. The Journal of Psychology. 2002; 136 (6): 581–96
7-Kaveh m, Tabe Bordbar F. The relationship between disordered eating behavior with early maladaptive schemas and anxiety in adolescent female. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2018; 7(27): 161- 83. [Persian]
8-Shafiei G, Bashirpour S, Hassan Shiri S, Gilarlow ME. The role of physical control and self-description in predicting symptoms of eating disorder in female students. International Journal of Nation Research. 2016; 1(9): 63-74. [Persian]
9-Micali N, Holliday J, Karwautz A, Haidvogl M, Wagner G, Fernandez-Aranda F, et al. Childhood eating and weight in eating disorders: A multi-center European study of affected women and their unaffected sisters. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2007; 76 (4): 234-41.
10-Beth AV, Julien BA, Anthony FB, Michael CA. Psychopathy, sexual behavior and self-esteem, it's different for girls. Journal personality and individual differences. 2010; 48(7): 833-8.
11-Zeanah PD, Schwarz JC. Reliability and validity of the sexual self-esteem inventory for women. Assessment.1996; 3 (1): 1-15.
12- Harter, S. The perceived competence scale for children. Child development. 1984; 5(31): 87-97.
13-Qhasemi NA, Davoodi M, Zarei Z. The Role of Sexual Self-Esteem in Differentiation in Explaining the Function of the Family of Infertile Women. Contemporary Psychology. 2017; 12: 1318-22.
14-Danesh E, Rezabakhsh H, Bahmani Z, Saliminia N. The Relationship between Parenting Styles with Sexual Self-Esteem and its Components in Female University Students. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2010; 3(19): 39-55. [Persian]
15-Zamani S, Ahadi A, Asgari P. The relationship between emotional divorce and body image and perfectionism. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies. 2014; 10(4): 19- 139. [Persian]
16-Bergstrom RL, Neighbors C, Lewis M. Do men ‘bony” women attractive? Consequences of misperceiving opposite sex perceptions of attractive body image. Body image. 2003; 1: 183-91.
17-Meltzer AL, McNulty JK. Body image and marital satisfaction: Evidence for the mediating role of sexual frequency and sexual satisfaction. J Fam Psychol. 2010; 24(2); 156–64.
18-Fallbjörk U, Rasmussen BH, Karlsson S, Salander P. Aspects of body image after mastectomy due to breast cancer – A two-year follow-up study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2013; 17(3): 340-5.
19-De Graaf H, Sandfort TG. Gender differences in affective responses to sexual rejection. Arch Sex Behav. 2004; 3 (4): 395-403.
20-Krychman M, Kellogg Spadt S, Finestone S. 100 Question & Answers about breast cancer sensuality, sexuality, and intimacy (1 edition). Massachusetts: Jones& Bartlett learning. 2010.
21-Izydorczyk B, Sitnik-Warchulska K, Lizińczyk S, Lipiarz A. Psychological predictors of unhealthy eating attitudes in young adults. Front. Psychol. 2019; 10 (3): 1-13.
22-Striegle R, Smolak L, Farburn G, Brownell k. Ethnicity and eating disorder. Eating Disorder and Obesity. 2002; 2: 251-5.
23-Zanjani Z, Goodarzi MP. Study of validity and reliability of standard image stimulants in students of Shiraz university. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2010; 2 (10): 149-55. [Persian]
24-Gleeson K. Constructing body image. Journal of Health Psychology. 2006; 11(7): 79-90.
25-Cash T, Pruzinsky T. The psychology of physical appearance aesthetics, attributes, and homage, body image: Developmental, deviance and change. The Guilford Press.2002.
26-Shear h. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and sexual self-esteem in female sex workers. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2017; 18 (5): 249-58
27-Fobair P, Stewart SL, Chang S, D’onofrio C, Banks P. Body image and sexual problem in young women with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology. 2006; 15 (11): 579–94.
28-Hidaka BH. Depression as a disease of modernity: explanations for increasing prevalence. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012; 140 (3): 205- 14.
29-Prioreschi A, Wrottesley SV, Cohen E, Reddy A, Said-Mohamed R, Twine R, Tollman SM, Kahn K, Dunger DB, Norris SA. Examining the relationships between body image, eating- attitudes, BMI, and physical activity in rural and urban South African young adult females using structural equation modeling. Plos one. 2017; 12 (11): 1-16.
30- Kline RB. Principles and practices of structural equation modeling (4nd Eds.). New York: Guilford Press. 2015.
31- Hoe SL. Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modeling technique. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods. 2008; 3 (1): 76-83.
32-Littleton HL, Axsom DS, Pury CL. Development of the body image concern inventory. Behavior Research and Therapy. 2005; 43 (2): 229-41.
33-Bassaknejhad S, Ghafari M. The relationship between body dysphoric concern and psychological problems among University Students. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2005; 1(2): 179-87. [Persian]
34- Mohammadi N, Sajadinejad M. The evaluation of psychometric properties of body image concern inventory and examination of a model about the relationship between body mass index, body image dissatisfaction and elf-esteem in adolescent girls. Psychological Studies. 2007; 3(1): 85-101. [Persian]
35-Farokhia S, Shareh H. Psychometric properties of the persian version of the sexual self-esteem index for woman-short form. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2014; 3(20): 252-63. [Persian]
36-Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine. 1979; 9(2): 273-9.
37-Carter PE, Moss RA. Screening for anorexia and bulimia nervosa in a college population: Problems and limitations. Addictive Behavior. 1984; 9 (4): 417-9
38-Babaei S, Khodapanahi MK, Sadeghpoor BS. Validation and validation of the eating feedback test. Behavioral Sciences. 2005; 1(1): 63-8. [Persian]
39-Dunkley CR, Gorzalka BB, Brotto A. Associations between sexual function and disordered eating among undergraduate women: An emphasis on sexual pain and distress. Journal of Sex & Marital. 2019; 17(7): 1-17.
40-Tylka TL, Calogero RM. Perceptions of male partner pressure to be thin and pornography use: Associations with eating disorder symptomatology in a community sample of adult women. Int J Eat Disord. 2018; 52(7): 189–94.
41-Siever MD. Sexual orientation and gender as factors in socio culturally acquired vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1994; 62(2): 252-60.
42-Talwar P. Self-esteem and anorectic eating concerns among female university students in Malaysia. MJP Online Early. 2012; 1 (21): 1- 9.
43-Hosseini F, Gorji E, Javadzade A. The effectiveness of Buckroyd’s Group-Based Therapeutic Approach on Increasing self-esteem and improving eating attitude of obese -20 to -30 year-old females in Esfahan. Journal of education and community Health. 2016; 3(1): 43-50. [Persian]
44- Karami J, Shalani B, Hoveyzi N. Relationship between Sexual Self-Esteem and Sexual Dysfunction with Marital Satisfaction in Nurses Hopitals Kermanshah City (Iran). Qom Univ Med Sci. 2017; 11(9):86-93. [Persian]
45-Manuela Peixoto M, Amarelo-Piresa I, Pimentel Biscaia MS, Machado PPP. Sexual self-esteem, sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction in Portuguese heterosexual university students. Psychology & Sexuality. 2018; 9 (4): 1-10.
46-Castellini G, Lelli L, Cassioli E, Ricca V. Relationships between eating disorder psychopathology, sexual hormones and sexual behaviors. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2019; 41(4): 36-7.
47-Castellini G, Maggi M, Ricca V. Sexual dysfunction in eating disorders. Sexual Dysfunctions in Mentally Ill Patients. 2018; 8: 119- 25.
48-Gupta NS, Bhatia GR, Shetty JV, Naphade NM, Datar MC. Assessment of body image and self-esteem among young adolescents. Medical Science. 2016; 6 (5): 48-69.
49-Bornefeld-Ettmann P, Steil R, Hofling V, Weblau C, Lieberz KA, Rausch S, Muller-Engelmann M. Validation of the German version of the sexual self-esteem inventory for women and its application in a sample of sexually and physically abused women. Sex Roles. 2017; 79(1-2): 109-22.
50-Hajishafiee M, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Roohafza HR, Afshar H, Feizi A, Adib P. Association between Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Adults. Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 4(4): 46-58. [Persian]
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Type of Study: Research |
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Received: 2019/10/5 | Accepted: 2020/02/8 | Published: 2020/04/26
Received: 2019/10/5 | Accepted: 2020/02/8 | Published: 2020/04/26
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