Volume 19, Issue 2 (6-2020)
TB 2020, 19(2): 85-95 |
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Moghadam K, Mansour-ghanaei R, Esmaeilpour bandboni M, Atrkar-Roshan Z. The Relationship Between Social Supports With Depression Among Elderly in the Eastern Cities of Guilan. TB 2020; 19 (2) :85-95
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2848-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2848-en.html
Guilan University of Medical Sciences , rmghanaei@gmail.com
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The Relationship Between Social Supports With Depression Among Elderly in the Eastern Cities of Guilan
Kamele moghadam (M.Sc.) 1, Roya Mansour-Ghanaei (Ph.D.) 2, Mohammad Esmaeil pour-Bandboni (Ph.D.) 3, Zahra Atrkar-Roshan (Ph.D.) 4
1.M.Sc. of Jeriatric Nursing, Zeynab School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
2.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Research Center Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Email: r_ghanaei@gums.ac.ir Tel: 01342565059
3.Assistant Professor, Department of nursing, Zeynab School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
4.Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Elderly are vulnerable individuals in society, and are mostly exposed to mental disorders especially depression. Using non-medical factors to manage the depression, like perceived social support, can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in such a vulnerable population. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between social support with depression among elderly in the eastern cities of Guilan.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive -correlational study conducted by the elderly living in the eastern cities of Guilan, in which 168 people were selected from two-stage, cluster random and available sampling. Data was collected with using two standard tools include, Philips social support questionnaires (23 Items), and Geriatric depression scale (15 Items) Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, software, T-test, ANOVA and Pearson tests.
Results: The mean of social support in elderly living in the eastern of Guilan was 73/25±9/18 (total score range of 23-92) and the mean of depression for them was 3/20±3/58 (total score range of 0-15). The analysis of the data indicated that there was a negative significant correlation between social support and depression (p<0/01, r=-0/47).
Conclusion: This study confirmed the role of social support in the development of depression in the elderly, so it is important to provide the conditions for promoting social support to reduce depression and thus improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Keywords: Social support, Depression, Elderly
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1-Sajadi H, Mohaqeqi Kamal H, Vameghi M, Forozan AS, Rafei H, Nosratabadi M. Systematic review of prevalence and risk factors associated with depression and its treatment in Iranian elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2013;7(4):7-15.
2-Molaei M, Etemad K, Taheri Tanjani P. Prevalence of Elder Abuse in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing.2017;12(2):242-53.
3-Parsa P, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Araghchian M, Afshari M, Moradi A. Medical procedure problems from the viewpoint of elderly referrals to healthcare centers of Hamadan: A qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017;12(2):146-55
4- Safdari R, Shams Abadi AR, Pahlevany Nejad S. Improve Health of the Elderly People With M-Health and Technology. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2018;13(4): 288-99.
5-Iranian Statistic Center. Selected Findings of Na-tional Population and Housing Census 2016. Iranian Statistic Center Web Site.2017 .
6- Barzegar N, Niknami M, Mirhadian L, Kazem Nejad Leili E, Pakseresht S, M Meghachandra Singh M. Lifestyle and Factors Associated with the Elderly People Referred to the Pension Fund. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery.2017;27(2):1-8.
7-Sau A, Bhakta I. Predicting anxiety and depression in elderly patients using machine learning technology. Healthcare Technology Letters.2017;4(6): 238-43.
8-Delam H, Bazrafshan M-R. A survey of anxiety and depression among elderly people referred to health center of Larestan in 2019. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System. 2020;8(1): 34-9.
9-El-Gilany AH, Elkhawaga GO, Sarraf BB. Depression and its associated factors among elderly: A community-based study in Egypt. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2018;77:103-7.
10-Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Sirirak T, Arunpongpaisal S, Zimet G. Confirmatory factor analysis of the revised version of the Thai multidimensional scale of perceived social support among the elderly with depression. Aging & mental health.2018;22(9):1149-54.
11-Azarnivand M, Alizadeh F, Soltani Z, Hojjati H, Dadgari A, Emamian MH. Social Support among the Elderly Living in Shahroud, Iran. International Journal of Health Studies. 2019;4(2):1-4.
12-Zarifnejad G, Saberi Noghabi E, Delshad Noghabi A, Koshyar H. The Relationship between social support and morale of elderly people in Mashhad in 2012. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.2014;13(1):3-12.
13-Faramarzi M, Hosseini SR, Cumming RG, Kheirkhah F, Parsaei F, Ghasemi N, et al.A Negative Association between Social Support and Depression in the Elderly Population of Amirkola City. British Journal of Medicin & Medical Research.2015;8(8):707-16.
14-Elsayed E, El-Etreby RR, Ibrahim AA-W. Relationship between social support, loneliness, and depression among elderly people. International Journal of Nursing Didactics.2019;9(01):39-47.
15-Rimaz S, Abolghasemi J, Seraji S.The relationship of different dimensions of social support with older adults’ quality of life in the 8th district of Tehran in 2013. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(1):29-37.
16-Rashedi V, Gharib M, Rezaei M, Yazdani AA. Social support and anxiety in the elderly of Hamedan, Iran. Journal of Rehabilitation.2013;14(2):110-5.
17-Malakouti SK, Fatollahi P, Mirabzadeh A, Salavati M, Zandi T. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GDS‐15 in Iranian elderly.International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 2006;21(6):588-93.
18-Tajvar M, Grundy E, Fletcher A.Social support and mental health status of older people: a population-based study in Iran-Tehran. Aging & mental health.2018;22(3):344-53.
19-Chao SF. Social support, coping strategies and their correlations with older adults’ relocation adjustments after natural disaster. Geriatrics & gerontology international.2017;17(6):1006-14.
20-Wang J,Mann F,Lloyd-Evans B,Ma R,Johnson S.Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review. BMC psychiatry. 2018;18(1):156.
21-Ibrahim N, Din NC, Ahmad M, Ghazali SE, Said Z, Shahar S, et al. Relationships between social support and depression, and quality of life of the elderly in a rural community in Malaysia. Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry.2013;5(1):59-66.
22-Chen L, Alston M, Guo W.The influence of social support on loneliness and depression among older elderly people in China: Coping styles as mediators. Journal of community psychology. 2019;47(5):1235-45.
23-Adams TR, Rabin LA, Da Silva VG, Katz MJ, Fogel J, Lipton RB. Social support buffers the impact of depressive symptoms on life satisfaction in old age. Clinical gerontologist. 2016;39(2):139-57.
24-Li C, Jiang S, Li N, Zhang Q. Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator. Journal of community psychology. 2018;46(3):345-55.
25-Su D, Wu XN, Zhang YX, Li HP, Wang WL, Zhang JP, et al. Depression and social support between China rural and urban empty-nest elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr.2012;55(3):564-9.
26-Zhai S, Zhuang Q, Wang Z. Study on the relationship between social support and mental health of the elderly in China: A case study of Xi’an city, Shaanxi province. Journal of Mental Health. 2019;28(2):119-24.
27-Ghodoosi A, Fallah Yakhdani E, Abedi HA. Studying the instances of elder abuse and their relationship with age and sex in the hospitalized elderly. IJFM.2014;20(1):367-76.
28-Hosseini S, Rezaee A, Keykhosravi Z. A comparison of old men and women’s social support, life satisfaction, happiness and depression. Sociology of Women(Journal of Women and Society). 2012;2(4):143-62.
29- Babazadeh T,Sarkhoshi R, Bahadori F, Moradi F, Shariat F, Sherizadeh Y. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress disorders in elderly people residing in Khoy, Iran (2014-2015). J Anal Res Clin Med. 2016;4(2):122-8.
Kamele moghadam (M.Sc.) 1, Roya Mansour-Ghanaei (Ph.D.) 2, Mohammad Esmaeil pour-Bandboni (Ph.D.) 3, Zahra Atrkar-Roshan (Ph.D.) 4
1.M.Sc. of Jeriatric Nursing, Zeynab School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
2.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Research Center Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. Email: r_ghanaei@gums.ac.ir Tel: 01342565059
3.Assistant Professor, Department of nursing, Zeynab School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
4.Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Elderly are vulnerable individuals in society, and are mostly exposed to mental disorders especially depression. Using non-medical factors to manage the depression, like perceived social support, can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in such a vulnerable population. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between social support with depression among elderly in the eastern cities of Guilan.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive -correlational study conducted by the elderly living in the eastern cities of Guilan, in which 168 people were selected from two-stage, cluster random and available sampling. Data was collected with using two standard tools include, Philips social support questionnaires (23 Items), and Geriatric depression scale (15 Items) Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 19, software, T-test, ANOVA and Pearson tests.
Results: The mean of social support in elderly living in the eastern of Guilan was 73/25±9/18 (total score range of 23-92) and the mean of depression for them was 3/20±3/58 (total score range of 0-15). The analysis of the data indicated that there was a negative significant correlation between social support and depression (p<0/01, r=-0/47).
Conclusion: This study confirmed the role of social support in the development of depression in the elderly, so it is important to provide the conditions for promoting social support to reduce depression and thus improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Keywords: Social support, Depression, Elderly
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1-Sajadi H, Mohaqeqi Kamal H, Vameghi M, Forozan AS, Rafei H, Nosratabadi M. Systematic review of prevalence and risk factors associated with depression and its treatment in Iranian elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2013;7(4):7-15.
2-Molaei M, Etemad K, Taheri Tanjani P. Prevalence of Elder Abuse in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing.2017;12(2):242-53.
3-Parsa P, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Araghchian M, Afshari M, Moradi A. Medical procedure problems from the viewpoint of elderly referrals to healthcare centers of Hamadan: A qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017;12(2):146-55
4- Safdari R, Shams Abadi AR, Pahlevany Nejad S. Improve Health of the Elderly People With M-Health and Technology. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2018;13(4): 288-99.
5-Iranian Statistic Center. Selected Findings of Na-tional Population and Housing Census 2016. Iranian Statistic Center Web Site.2017 .
6- Barzegar N, Niknami M, Mirhadian L, Kazem Nejad Leili E, Pakseresht S, M Meghachandra Singh M. Lifestyle and Factors Associated with the Elderly People Referred to the Pension Fund. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery.2017;27(2):1-8.
7-Sau A, Bhakta I. Predicting anxiety and depression in elderly patients using machine learning technology. Healthcare Technology Letters.2017;4(6): 238-43.
8-Delam H, Bazrafshan M-R. A survey of anxiety and depression among elderly people referred to health center of Larestan in 2019. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System. 2020;8(1): 34-9.
9-El-Gilany AH, Elkhawaga GO, Sarraf BB. Depression and its associated factors among elderly: A community-based study in Egypt. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2018;77:103-7.
10-Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Sirirak T, Arunpongpaisal S, Zimet G. Confirmatory factor analysis of the revised version of the Thai multidimensional scale of perceived social support among the elderly with depression. Aging & mental health.2018;22(9):1149-54.
11-Azarnivand M, Alizadeh F, Soltani Z, Hojjati H, Dadgari A, Emamian MH. Social Support among the Elderly Living in Shahroud, Iran. International Journal of Health Studies. 2019;4(2):1-4.
12-Zarifnejad G, Saberi Noghabi E, Delshad Noghabi A, Koshyar H. The Relationship between social support and morale of elderly people in Mashhad in 2012. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.2014;13(1):3-12.
13-Faramarzi M, Hosseini SR, Cumming RG, Kheirkhah F, Parsaei F, Ghasemi N, et al.A Negative Association between Social Support and Depression in the Elderly Population of Amirkola City. British Journal of Medicin & Medical Research.2015;8(8):707-16.
14-Elsayed E, El-Etreby RR, Ibrahim AA-W. Relationship between social support, loneliness, and depression among elderly people. International Journal of Nursing Didactics.2019;9(01):39-47.
15-Rimaz S, Abolghasemi J, Seraji S.The relationship of different dimensions of social support with older adults’ quality of life in the 8th district of Tehran in 2013. J Educ Community Health. 2015;2(1):29-37.
16-Rashedi V, Gharib M, Rezaei M, Yazdani AA. Social support and anxiety in the elderly of Hamedan, Iran. Journal of Rehabilitation.2013;14(2):110-5.
17-Malakouti SK, Fatollahi P, Mirabzadeh A, Salavati M, Zandi T. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GDS‐15 in Iranian elderly.International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 2006;21(6):588-93.
18-Tajvar M, Grundy E, Fletcher A.Social support and mental health status of older people: a population-based study in Iran-Tehran. Aging & mental health.2018;22(3):344-53.
19-Chao SF. Social support, coping strategies and their correlations with older adults’ relocation adjustments after natural disaster. Geriatrics & gerontology international.2017;17(6):1006-14.
20-Wang J,Mann F,Lloyd-Evans B,Ma R,Johnson S.Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review. BMC psychiatry. 2018;18(1):156.
21-Ibrahim N, Din NC, Ahmad M, Ghazali SE, Said Z, Shahar S, et al. Relationships between social support and depression, and quality of life of the elderly in a rural community in Malaysia. Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry.2013;5(1):59-66.
22-Chen L, Alston M, Guo W.The influence of social support on loneliness and depression among older elderly people in China: Coping styles as mediators. Journal of community psychology. 2019;47(5):1235-45.
23-Adams TR, Rabin LA, Da Silva VG, Katz MJ, Fogel J, Lipton RB. Social support buffers the impact of depressive symptoms on life satisfaction in old age. Clinical gerontologist. 2016;39(2):139-57.
24-Li C, Jiang S, Li N, Zhang Q. Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator. Journal of community psychology. 2018;46(3):345-55.
25-Su D, Wu XN, Zhang YX, Li HP, Wang WL, Zhang JP, et al. Depression and social support between China rural and urban empty-nest elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr.2012;55(3):564-9.
26-Zhai S, Zhuang Q, Wang Z. Study on the relationship between social support and mental health of the elderly in China: A case study of Xi’an city, Shaanxi province. Journal of Mental Health. 2019;28(2):119-24.
27-Ghodoosi A, Fallah Yakhdani E, Abedi HA. Studying the instances of elder abuse and their relationship with age and sex in the hospitalized elderly. IJFM.2014;20(1):367-76.
28-Hosseini S, Rezaee A, Keykhosravi Z. A comparison of old men and women’s social support, life satisfaction, happiness and depression. Sociology of Women(Journal of Women and Society). 2012;2(4):143-62.
29- Babazadeh T,Sarkhoshi R, Bahadori F, Moradi F, Shariat F, Sherizadeh Y. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress disorders in elderly people residing in Khoy, Iran (2014-2015). J Anal Res Clin Med. 2016;4(2):122-8.
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Received: 2019/10/6 | Accepted: 2019/12/8 | Published: 2020/06/30
Received: 2019/10/6 | Accepted: 2019/12/8 | Published: 2020/06/30
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