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TB 2020, 18(6): 34-44 |
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Alizadeh A, Taghavi soghondikolae F, Yazdani charati J. Evaluation of Noise Pollution in Sari’s Educational Hospitals in 2015-16. TB 2020; 18 (6) :34-44
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2825-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2825-en.html
, ftmhtaghavi@gmail.com
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Evaluation of Noise Pollution in Sari’s Educational Hospitals in 2015-16
Ahmad Alizadeh(M.Sc.)1, Fatemeh Taghavi(B.S.)2, Jamshid Yazdani Charati(Ph.D.)3
1. Instructor, Department of occupational hygiene, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
2.M.Sc., Department of occupational hygiene, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Email:ftmhtaghavi@gmail.com Tel:09112537274
3.Professor, Research Center of prevention and epidemiology of non-communicable disease, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Noise is one of the most important pollutants in worksites. Hospitals are imposed to noise pollution. Considering lack of research in Sari educational hospitals and applicability of noise control by engineering controls and education, we proposed this research to evaluate the sound pressure level (SPL) in three educational hospitals of Sari, Iran.
Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, the SPL of three hospitals was evaluated using sound level meter (model; CACELLA CELL-490, made in England). The evaluation was performed in 1.5 meter height, in three shifts, and in three days of the week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and SPSS software version 24. For assessing the rate of effective factors, the GEE (Generalized estimating Equation) methods were used.
Results: According to the results, the mean SPL was 63.30 ± 7.33 dB and a significant difference was observed between the mean SPL and the standard (35 dB) (p <0.001). Moreover, the highest mean of sound in hospitals was observed in Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital. Considering the week days, Saturday and among shifts, the night shift had the highest mean SPL.
Conclusion: The findings showed that SPL was higher than the Iranian National Construction Regulations and World Health Organization (WHO) standards in all evaluated places. So, the noise control programs should be considered seriously.
Keywords: Noise pollution, Hospital, Sari
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1-Tsiou C, Eftymiatos D, Theodossopoulou E, Notis P, Kiriakou K. Noise sources and levels in the Evgenidion Hospital intensive care unit. Intensive care medicine. 1998;24(8):845-7.
2-.Smith A, Broadbent DE. Non-auditory effects of noise at work: A review of the literature: Health & Safety Executive; 1992.
3-.Samoel B, Hamour M. Noise induced threatening life disorders. J Occup Amr. 1998;19:241-8.
4-Zenozi F, Ranjbarian M, Afjeie A. Noise pollution assessment in Mofid children hospital in 2005. Med Sci J Islamic Azad University. 2006;16(3):129-34.[Persian]
5-Holzman D. Plane pollution. Environ Health Perspect 1997;105(12):1300-5.
6-Hsu T, Ryherd E, Waye KP, Ackerman J. Noise pollution in hospitals: impact on patients. JCOM. 2012;19(7):301-9.
7-Oh M, Shin K, Kim K, Shin J. Influence of noise exposure on cardiocerebrovascular disease in Korea. Science of The Total Environment. 2019;651:1867-76.
8-Sazgarnia A, Bahreyni Toossi M, Moradi H. Noise pollution and traffic noise index on mashhad main streets during the busiest hours of summer. Iranian journal of medical physics. 2005;2(3):21-30. [Persian]
9-Hodge B, Thompson J. Noise pollution in the operating theatre Lancet. 1990;335(8694):891-4.
10-Holmes GB, Goodman KL, Hang DW, McCorvey VM. Noise levels of orthopedic instruments and their potential health risks. Orthopedics. 1996;19(1):35-7.
11-Asgharnia H, Tirgar A, Amouei A, Fallah S, Khafri S, Mohammadi A, et al. Noise pollution in the teaching hospitals of Babol (Iran) in 2012. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2014;16(4):64-9. [Persian]
12-Jafari N, Bina B, Mortezaie S, Ebrahimi A, Abdolahnejad A. Assessment of environmental noise pollution in Feiz hospital wards and its adjacent area. 2012.[Persian]
13-Juang D, Lee C, Yang T, Chang M. Noise pollution and its effects on medical care workers and patients in hospitals. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology. 2010;7(4):705-16.
14-Hasfeldt D, Laerkner E, Birkelund R. Noise in the operating room—what do we know? A review of the literature. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2010;25(6):380-6.
15-Bentley S, Murphy F, Dudley H. Perceived noise in surgical wards and an intensive care area: an objective analysis. Br Med J. 1977;2(6101):1503-6.
16-Otenio MH, Cremer E, Claro EMT. Noise level in a 222 bed hospital in the 18th health region-PR. Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. 2007;73(2):245-50.
17-Beyt Saeed N, Monazzam Esmaeilpour R, Sakhavatjo M, Moattar F, editors. Noise pollution assessment in Ahvaz oil industry hospital and compared it with the environment agency. Fifth Expert Conference on Environmental Engineering (IRAN); 2011. [Persian]
18-Mohammadi RG. Noise &Vibration Engeineering. ed t, editor: daneshjo Published Hamadan; 2016. [Persian]
19-Ministry of Roads, Department of Housing and Building Affairs ,Iranian National Building Regulations, eighteenth volume, insulation and sound adjustment, (2012).
20-Garrido Galindo AP, Camargo Caicedo Y, Vélez-Pereira AM. Noise level in intensive care units of a public university hospital in Santa Marta (Colombia). Medicina Intensiva (English Edition). 2016 2016/10/01/;40(7):403-10.
21-Tijunelis MA, Fitzsullivan E, Henderson SO. Noise in the ED. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2005;23(3):332-5.
22-Cordova AC, Logishetty K, Fauerbach J, Price LA, Gibson BR, Milner SM. Noise levels in a burn intensive care unit. Burns. 2013;39(1):44-8.
23-Rostam GM. Noise pollution and its irritating effects in hospitals of Hamadan, Iran. 2012.
24-Loupa G, Katikaridis A, Karali D, Rapsomanikis S. Mapping the noise in a Greek general hospital. Science of The Total Environment. 2019 2019/01/01/;646:923-9.
Ahmad Alizadeh(M.Sc.)1, Fatemeh Taghavi(B.S.)2, Jamshid Yazdani Charati(Ph.D.)3
1. Instructor, Department of occupational hygiene, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
2.M.Sc., Department of occupational hygiene, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.Email:ftmhtaghavi@gmail.com Tel:09112537274
3.Professor, Research Center of prevention and epidemiology of non-communicable disease, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Noise is one of the most important pollutants in worksites. Hospitals are imposed to noise pollution. Considering lack of research in Sari educational hospitals and applicability of noise control by engineering controls and education, we proposed this research to evaluate the sound pressure level (SPL) in three educational hospitals of Sari, Iran.
Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, the SPL of three hospitals was evaluated using sound level meter (model; CACELLA CELL-490, made in England). The evaluation was performed in 1.5 meter height, in three shifts, and in three days of the week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and SPSS software version 24. For assessing the rate of effective factors, the GEE (Generalized estimating Equation) methods were used.
Results: According to the results, the mean SPL was 63.30 ± 7.33 dB and a significant difference was observed between the mean SPL and the standard (35 dB) (p <0.001). Moreover, the highest mean of sound in hospitals was observed in Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital. Considering the week days, Saturday and among shifts, the night shift had the highest mean SPL.
Conclusion: The findings showed that SPL was higher than the Iranian National Construction Regulations and World Health Organization (WHO) standards in all evaluated places. So, the noise control programs should be considered seriously.
Keywords: Noise pollution, Hospital, Sari
Conflict of interest: The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.
References
1-Tsiou C, Eftymiatos D, Theodossopoulou E, Notis P, Kiriakou K. Noise sources and levels in the Evgenidion Hospital intensive care unit. Intensive care medicine. 1998;24(8):845-7.
2-.Smith A, Broadbent DE. Non-auditory effects of noise at work: A review of the literature: Health & Safety Executive; 1992.
3-.Samoel B, Hamour M. Noise induced threatening life disorders. J Occup Amr. 1998;19:241-8.
4-Zenozi F, Ranjbarian M, Afjeie A. Noise pollution assessment in Mofid children hospital in 2005. Med Sci J Islamic Azad University. 2006;16(3):129-34.[Persian]
5-Holzman D. Plane pollution. Environ Health Perspect 1997;105(12):1300-5.
6-Hsu T, Ryherd E, Waye KP, Ackerman J. Noise pollution in hospitals: impact on patients. JCOM. 2012;19(7):301-9.
7-Oh M, Shin K, Kim K, Shin J. Influence of noise exposure on cardiocerebrovascular disease in Korea. Science of The Total Environment. 2019;651:1867-76.
8-Sazgarnia A, Bahreyni Toossi M, Moradi H. Noise pollution and traffic noise index on mashhad main streets during the busiest hours of summer. Iranian journal of medical physics. 2005;2(3):21-30. [Persian]
9-Hodge B, Thompson J. Noise pollution in the operating theatre Lancet. 1990;335(8694):891-4.
10-Holmes GB, Goodman KL, Hang DW, McCorvey VM. Noise levels of orthopedic instruments and their potential health risks. Orthopedics. 1996;19(1):35-7.
11-Asgharnia H, Tirgar A, Amouei A, Fallah S, Khafri S, Mohammadi A, et al. Noise pollution in the teaching hospitals of Babol (Iran) in 2012. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences. 2014;16(4):64-9. [Persian]
12-Jafari N, Bina B, Mortezaie S, Ebrahimi A, Abdolahnejad A. Assessment of environmental noise pollution in Feiz hospital wards and its adjacent area. 2012.[Persian]
13-Juang D, Lee C, Yang T, Chang M. Noise pollution and its effects on medical care workers and patients in hospitals. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology. 2010;7(4):705-16.
14-Hasfeldt D, Laerkner E, Birkelund R. Noise in the operating room—what do we know? A review of the literature. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2010;25(6):380-6.
15-Bentley S, Murphy F, Dudley H. Perceived noise in surgical wards and an intensive care area: an objective analysis. Br Med J. 1977;2(6101):1503-6.
16-Otenio MH, Cremer E, Claro EMT. Noise level in a 222 bed hospital in the 18th health region-PR. Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia. 2007;73(2):245-50.
17-Beyt Saeed N, Monazzam Esmaeilpour R, Sakhavatjo M, Moattar F, editors. Noise pollution assessment in Ahvaz oil industry hospital and compared it with the environment agency. Fifth Expert Conference on Environmental Engineering (IRAN); 2011. [Persian]
18-Mohammadi RG. Noise &Vibration Engeineering. ed t, editor: daneshjo Published Hamadan; 2016. [Persian]
19-Ministry of Roads, Department of Housing and Building Affairs ,Iranian National Building Regulations, eighteenth volume, insulation and sound adjustment, (2012).
20-Garrido Galindo AP, Camargo Caicedo Y, Vélez-Pereira AM. Noise level in intensive care units of a public university hospital in Santa Marta (Colombia). Medicina Intensiva (English Edition). 2016 2016/10/01/;40(7):403-10.
21-Tijunelis MA, Fitzsullivan E, Henderson SO. Noise in the ED. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2005;23(3):332-5.
22-Cordova AC, Logishetty K, Fauerbach J, Price LA, Gibson BR, Milner SM. Noise levels in a burn intensive care unit. Burns. 2013;39(1):44-8.
23-Rostam GM. Noise pollution and its irritating effects in hospitals of Hamadan, Iran. 2012.
24-Loupa G, Katikaridis A, Karali D, Rapsomanikis S. Mapping the noise in a Greek general hospital. Science of The Total Environment. 2019 2019/01/01/;646:923-9.
Type of Study: Research |
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Received: 2018/12/5 | Accepted: 2019/02/5 | Published: 2020/04/26
Received: 2018/12/5 | Accepted: 2019/02/5 | Published: 2020/04/26
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