1 1728-5127 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 1283 Special Assessment of Whole Body Vibration in the Heavy Mine Vehicles Drivers of Gol Gohar Sirjan Complex Hashemi Nejad N Barkhordari A Zolala F Emkani M 1 1 2015 13 5 1 12 13 05 2013 03 07 2013 Introduction: Cars can cause whole body vibration with different intensities which result in discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders in the exposed persons. Heavy mine vehicles based on the working environment, capacity, and power can produce considerable vibration to be transferred to the operator. The purpose of this study was to assess whole body vibration in the drivers of heavy mine vehicles in Gol Gohar Complex in Sirjan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on heavy vehicles in the mining sector, Gol Gohar in Sirjan In this study, vibration of 92 heavy mine vehicles was evaluated according to ISO 2631-1-1997 (R2004) standard. For measurement of whole body vibration, SAVN 958 Vibrometer was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. Results: The equilibrated acceleration average of the vehicles was 2.179 m/s2 and 1.738m/s2 in graders and bulldozers respectively. Drill cars with 0.479m/s2 had minimum average acceleration. Compared to the general acceleration of vehicle with relevant standards, all vehicles, except the drills, had over 8 hours standard level of care. Conclusion: This study showed that there is much greater vibration than the standard limit in most vehicles of heavy mining and this was even higher than the level of care. So modification of the suspension and seat status is essential.
1607 Special Microbial and Fungal Contamination of Air at Dental Clinics and Dental Offices in Kerman Malakootian M f Molazadeh p g Eskandarizadh A h f Kerman University of Medical Sciences g Kerman University of Medical Sciences h Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2015 13 5 13 24 25 11 2013 23 02 2014 Introduction: There is a high concern regarding air contamination in the dental clinics and offices. For the reason that the most risking factor is the presence of floating particles in the clinics containing different disease-causing microorganisms and in order to provide a better strategy to improve the condition, the present article takes into consideration the study of the air inside the medical centers affected by the microbial and fungal contamination. Methods: A descriptive study (from 1391 to 1392) was conducted in clinics and dental offices in Kerman. Among the 14 clinics in the city of Kerman, two state dental clinics, three private clinics, a semi- private clinic, a charity - based clinic and from the totality of 143 dental offices throughout the city, 52 were chosen. Random sampling method was used. Sampling was done by sedimentation. The medium used nutrient agar, blood agar, nutrient agar and Sabouroud dextrose agar . Gram stain and culture of bio-chemical environment and culture slides were used for detection. Sampling Sit characteristics such as size, number of units, size of space, time, travel, type of service and the turbine were recorded. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the the samples surveyed, 89% showed fungal and bacterial contamination. The bacterial species found included: gram positive cocci 60.2%, gram negative cocci 24.1%, basillus gram positive bacillus 11.2%, gram negative bacillus 2.4%, and also fungi 1.2%.There was a significant relationship between contamination rate, number of clients, space (clinics and dental offices, users, non working and working shifts). Conclusion: Degree of microbial contamination of air clinics and dental offices of Kerman, ranked according to AMI, shows bad condition. There is a necessity to rank the dental clinics and offices from good to bad. The ventilation system improvement needs a high consideration. 1285 Special The Survey of Attitude, Behavioral Beliefs and Evaluations of Behavioral Outcomes Yazd Fathers about Prevention of Tendency their Children to Addictive Drugs MazloomyMahmoodabad SS i MirzaeiAlavijeh M j Yassini SM k Askarshahi M l i Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences j Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences k Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences l Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2015 13 5 25 36 09 12 2012 06 02 2013 Introduction: Drug abuse and addiction in Iran is expanding continually. By reducing the onset age of addiction and the growing youth population in the country it seems prevention to be the most efficient way. In this regard, considering that family is the most important social institution that plays a fundamental role in children's socialization and social education and values, education is a major factor and has a major impact on personality development of the children. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude, behavioral beliefs and evaluations of behavioral outcomes in Yazdi fathers about prevention of their children's tendency to addictive drugs. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The research community comprised Yazdi fathers in a sample of 180 selected through a multistage random sampling method. Data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire in three parts: seven demographic questions, four attitude items (α=0.81) with the score rang of 4-28, behavioral beliefs fifteen questions (α=0.89) with a score rang of 15-105 and evaluations of behavioral outcomes fifteen items (α=82) with the score rang of 15-105 all of which were completed through self-report. Data were then analyzed using SPSS-18 by independent T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at α=0.05. Results: The age of the participants was 30-59 years with the mean of 40.38±5.34. 98.3% were married, 22.8% had a history of addiction in the family and friends, 13.9% had a BS or higher education degree, and 34.7% were self-employed. Mean score on attitude was 19.45±5.14, behavioral believes 78.76±14.94 and the evaluation of behavioral outcomes 81.81±9.10. Attitude mean score of the landlord fathers (p=0.001) and behavioral beliefs (p=0.05) and fathers with BS and higher education degrees (p=0.001) and behavioral beliefs (p=0.012) were higher. There was a correlation between attitude and behavioral beliefs (r=0.368, p>0.001), attitude and evaluation of behavioral outcomes (r=0.304, p>0.001) and behavioral beliefs and evaluation of behavioral outcomes (r=0.792, p>0.001). Conclusion: Attitude, behavioral beliefs and evaluations of behavioral outcomes were optimal about father’s behaviors in prevention of tendency of children toward drugs so the importance and necessity of implementing preventive programs by fathers is emphasized. 1286 Special Spatial Analysis of Rural Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in Qom Province Using Geographic Information System Saghafipour A m Jesri N n Fakhar M o m Qom University of Medical Sciences n Qom University of Medical Sciences o Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2015 13 5 37 46 29 05 2012 07 01 2013 Introduction: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) or rural cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important health problems in different areas of Iran including Qom province. The aim of this study was to investigate the trend of CL incidence and also high-risk foci in Qom Province using geographical information system (GIS) method. Methods: Between 1994 and 2011, patient’s information was extracted from epidemiological forms of CL which had been registered in Provincial Health Center of the province. Then these were mapped on urban and rural digital maps based on scale of 1/50000. The situation was applied with rural-level precision i.e. rural-level was our basic unit of analysis. And then the population in each village was determined by using rural health center's vital horoscope. Recognition of high-risk foci and subsequent data analyses were carried out through estimated incidence rate and chi square test using Arc GIS 9.3 software. Results: A total of 1663 cases of ZCL were recorded. Most of CL foci were located in east and northeast zones of the province such as some villages of Markazi and Kahak districts. The majority (93.5%) of cases only belonged to villages in Markazi district. The incidence rate in Said Abad and Jafar Abad villages was 67.68 and 66.67% respectively which were more dynamic foci. On the other hand, new foci were forming in Doulat Abad, Islam Abad and Moemen Abad. The incidence of disease in Hosein Abad and Sarm villages was decreasing (p<0.01). Conclusion: The Markazi district as the most high risk focus of ZCL is considered in Qom province. Also new endemic foci in Doulat Abad, Islam Abad and Moemen Abad are forming. Accordingly, programs planning for control of ZCL and community-based health education are required. 1287 Special Vitamin D Status in Patients with Hypertension that Covered in Azad Shahr Health Center of Yazd-2013 Loloei S p Mozaffari-Khosravi H Mirjalili MR Fallahzadeh H Poursoleiman F p Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2015 13 5 47 55 15 09 2013 11 11 2013 Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been known as one of the most important factors having effect on pathogenesis and progression of hypertension. The purpose of present study was to determine vitamin D status in patients with hypertension in Yazd. Methods: Fifty six patients(21 men and 35 women) aged 25-50 years who had profile in AZAD SHAHR health and treatment center of Yazd whose hypertension remeasured to diagnosis of indispensable hypertension (systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg) participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected by blood sampling to measure serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. Vitamin D deficiency was determined at the level of 25 Hydroxyvitamin D lower than 30 ng/ml. In this study sever deficiency of vitamin D deficiency defined as 25 Hydroxyvitamin D lower than 10 ng/ml, moderate deficiency defined as 25 Hydroxyvitamin D between 10-19.9 ng/ml and mild deficiency defined as 25 Hydroxyvitamin D between 20-29.9 ng/ml. Results: The results show that 19 of patients (33.9%) had sever deficiency, 16 had moderate (28.6%) and 7 had mild vitamin D deficiency (12.5%). Only 14 of participants had normal status (25%). All patients had normal serum PTH, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. There wasn't any significant relationship between gender or age and vitamin D status. Conclusion: We observed a high frequency of vitamin D deficiency in hypertensive patients in this study. In addition, the effect of resolving vitamin D deficiency on blood pressure is recommended. 1288 Special The Relationship Between Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Health Behaviors in High School Girl Students in Mashhad in Year 2011-2012 Kordi M Mohamadirizi S Shakeri MT ModarresGharavi M Salehi Fadardi J Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,Iran Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, iran Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,Iran Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad ,Iran Mashhad University of ferdowsi, Mashhad ,Iran 1 1 2015 13 5 56 67 24 10 2012 09 03 2013 Abstract Introduction:The period of adolescence is one of the most stressful periods of life and has a crucial impact on school performance and subsequent occupational functioning. Since paying attention to students’ mental health is important so the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between depression, anxiety and stress and health behaviors in high school girl students in Mashhad. Methods: This is a correlational study carried out on 407 high-school females in Mashhad city during the year 2011 using a two-stage sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires on demography/ family/ health behaviors and depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS). Data were then analyzed using SPSS V.14 software and statistical tests. Results: The results showed that 56.5% of the students were 16-14 years old, 66.3% with the BMI of 18.5-99/24 (kg/m2), 36.6% enjoyed physical activity (min/wk), and 83.2% were passive smoker. Also 21.7% suffered from severe and very severe depression, 24/3% from anxiety and 21.8% from stress. There was a significant positive correlation between age and anxiety, stress and significant negative correlation between age and depression there was however no significant correlation between anxiety, stress, depression and other variables. Conclusion: According to high rates of depression, anxiety and stress in high school girl students in Mashhad and the important role of girls in future society, it seems necessary to prepare the students suffering from such mental problems with medical consultations conducted by related specialists and follow the therapeutic approaches if needed. 1289 Special Study of Sun Protective Behaviors for Skin Cancer Prevention and Its Barriers among Kazeroon Farmers Morowatisharifabad MA Bonyadi F EbrahimzadehArdakani M Falahzadeh H Malekzadeh E Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2015 13 5 68 82 03 07 2013 01 09 2013 Introduction: Skin cancer is the most common cancer among occupational cancers which Sunlight is the most important cause. Farmers due to continuous contact with sunlight are at risk for this cancer. Protective behaviors are one of the most important measures in preventing skin cancer. The aim of this study was to determine sun protective behaviors and some of its related factors among Kazeroon farmers. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done on 300 farmers who were selected by cluster sampling from 8 villages in Kazeroon. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable reliability and validity. A questionnaire including demographic data as well as questions about measures for farmers’ performance about using sun protective behaviors, causes for Lack of this behavior and information source of skin cancer and its prevention methods. These questions were completed by interviews with farmers and were analyzed using SPSS18. Results: In this study, sun-protective behaviors in farmers was higher than average. The most frequent sun protective behavior was "wearing clothes that cover more of the body" while wearing "sunscreen" was reported as the less frequent. The most important reason for not doing sun protective behaviors among farmers was the "expensiveness of protective devices". Results showed a significant relationship between age, sex, education, income, family history of sunburn with protective behaviors (p<0.05).History of sunburn increase possibility of sun-protective behaviors to 2.048 times Conclusions: In this study showing of sun protective behaviors in farmers has been considered moderate. It is notable that behaviors are based on knowledge and attitudes so designing educational programs regarding these findings can promote sun protective behaviors and reduce the risk of skin cancer. 1290 Special Study of Similar to Me Effect Challenges in Managers’ Selection: The Case Study of Administrators of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Sohrabizadeh S Ehrampush MH Bastani P Shafaghat T Rahimi H Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ,Yazd,Iran Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 1 1 2015 13 5 83 91 21 07 2012 10 11 2012 Abstract Introduction: Selection and employment of clerks and managers is a crucial factor in modern organization and, recruiters try to select the best candidates in all organizational levels. One challenge which has been harmful for management stability is Similar-to-me (STM) effect. This effect explains that people usually tend to select a person with whom they have common demographic and attitudinal characteristics. Determination of all factors and challenges related to STM was the main objective of the present study. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study performed on all managers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). A four-dimension questionnaire was applied with more than 0.7 α Chronbach coefficient for all dimensions. Moreover, its content validity was approved by experts’ perspectives. SPSS 18 and Person correlation were used in to analyze the data. Results: According to the results obtained with the participation of 60 mangers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, narcissism had a significant correlation with STM effect (0.805). Also a positive correlation was observed between STM and groupthinking (0.875). Another result of the current research was the negative impact of functional conflict on STM (-0.685) Conclusion: Findings of the study revealed that the destructive consequences of similar-to-me effect through narcissism, groupthinking and functional conflict avoidance can affect the performance of SUMS managers negatively. These behaviors should be studied and prevented in order to achieve the goals of this system in the future. 1291 Special Investigation of Russian Knapweed Flower Powder Efficiency in Removal of Reactive Red 198 Dye from Textile Synthetic Wastewater Golkari M Ghaneian MT Ehrampoush MH Dehvari M Islamic Azad University Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd, Iran. 1 1 2015 13 5 92 103 20 02 2013 10 07 2013 Introduction: The dye wastewaters of textile industries are often toxic and persistent in the environment. In previous years, various methods are considerate in the removal of reactive dyes. Reactive red 198 dye is one of the mono azo dyes that is now used in textile industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Russian Knapweed Flower powder in the removal of reactive red 198 dye from aqueous solutions. Methods: This experimental study was performed in laboratory scale and solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time in this study have investigated. In this study, concentration of the unknown dye was determined by spectrophotometery method at wavelength 518 nm. The data accordance rate was investigated with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Results: The results showed that the dye removal efficiency increased with decreasing pH, increasing the adsorbent dose and time. Increasing the initial dye concentration from 10 to 50 mg/L in the presence of 0.8 g/100cc adsorbent, pH 4 and contact time 120 min, caused to reducing of removal efficiency from 67.86% to 47.16%. In addition, Freundlich isotherm has best accordance with adsorption data. Conclusion: The results showed that Russian Knapweed Flower powder is able to high removal efficiency in the Reactive Red 198 dye removal. The preparation of this adsorbent is very simple and its cost is cheap. Because of the ability to good adsorption, it can also be used to remove other environmental contaminants. 1292 Special Survey of Educational and Social Status (parenting styles, Identity Style) in Delinquent children and Adolescents Compared with normal children and Adolescents in Iran Azizi S Tarkhan M University Azad Eslami Ghaemshar Peyame nour University Mazandaran 1 1 2015 13 5 104 117 15 11 2013 27 02 2014 Abstract Introduction:Due to the complexity and seriousness of crime as a social problem in many communities, this study aims to investigate the social and educational status (comparison of parenting styles, identity styles), and demographic variables in delinquent children, adolescents, and normal people. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 300 children and adolescents who had been selected from centers of Education Reform and Ordinary schools through Random cluster sampling technique, were studied. They completed perceived parenting style questionnaire, identity style questionnaire and demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Anova test. Result: Although no significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of parenting styles, a significant difference was observed between social characteristics, economical status, parents' educational level, family records of imprisonment, and imprisonment period with identity style, educational status with identity style, and also parental employment with identity style. Conclusion:Demographic characteristics, economical status, parents' educational level, prisoner's records of family, occupation of parents, academic success and identity styles are essential factors in delinquency in children and adolescents. 1294 Special Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Instruction’s Condition in Private Office in Yazd City Attarbashi Moghadam F Emami A Akhavan Karbasi MH Kavyani K Haerian A Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 1 1 2015 13 5 118 124 20 02 2013 20 05 2013 Introduction: Oral hygiene instruction performed by different personnel in various manners is a necessity for prevention and treatment of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Since dentists are the majority of personnel who deliver oral hygiene instruction to patients, this study was designed to evaluate dentists' attitude towards oral hygiene instruction in their private office in Yazd. Methods: A questionnaire including demographic information and various oral hygiene instruction methods was prepared and delivered to 151 dentists who were working in their private office in Yazd. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 software and Fisher exact test was performed. Results: Results revealed that 95.3% of dentists gave oral hygiene instruction to their patients. This training included dental flossing techniques followed by tooth brushing. Therefore, using an oral model was the most common way of patient’s instruction. Conclusion: Results obtained from this study showed that the majority of dentists in Yazd gave oral hygiene instruction to their patients through various methods. 1293 Special Investigation of the Relationship of Oral Health lteracy and Oral hygiene Self-Efficacy with Self-Reported Oral and Dental Health in Students Haerian Ardakani A Morowatisharifabad MA Rezapour Y Pourghayumi Ardakani A Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 1 1 2015 13 5 125 140 25 01 2014 04 05 2014 Abstract Introduction: oral and dental health is part of general health and is a determining factor for improvement of quality of life. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the relationship of oral health literacy and oral hygiene self-efficacy with self-reported oral and dental health in students. Methods: This was a cross sectional correlational study. Based on kukaran formula for sample size calculation and using categorical random sampling method, 281 students of Ardakan University were selected to participate in this study. Data was collected by oral health literacy questionnaire, oral hygiene self-efficacy, and self-reported dental and oral health scale. Pearson’s correlation test and stepwise regression analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results: Both two dimensions numeracy (r = 47 p< 0.01) and reading comprehension (r = 56 p< 0.01) of oral health and both two dimensions brush self-efficacy (r =60 p< 0.01) and floss self-efficacy (r = 45 p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with self-reported oral and dental health in students. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that floss self-efficacy (R = 59), reading comprehension (R = 71), numeracy (R = 73), and brush self-efficacy (R = 74) predicted the oral and dental health. In general, all these variables predicted 55% of oral and dental health variance (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Oral health literacy and oral hygiene self-efficacy have a key role in the prediction of oral and dental health and given that through enough education we can improve the oral health literacy skills or oral health self-efficacy to improve the oral and dental health of the society. 1295 Special A Survey on the Relation between Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables and Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Fallahzadeh H Farahmand Z Mohammadi F Momayyezi M Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 1 1 2015 13 5 141 152 11 06 2013 22 09 2013 Introduction: Depression exists in all walks of life and is regarded as an important indicator of mental health. The mental health of the medical students is particularly crucial because of the importance of their job and their performance being directly related to their mental health. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress and their relationship with the consumption of fruit and vegetables in students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 200 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Data were collected in a two-stage cluster sampling procedure and by using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: (1) demographic information and the DASS-21 questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16. Results: The results indicated that all patients had moderate or higher level of depression 42.4% suffered from moderate depression. Results also showed that 64.5% of the students had very severe anxiety and the rest had severe and moderate degrees of anxiety. Regarding stress, 35.6% of them suffered from severe stress and only 4.6% were normal. There was also a negative significant relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption with depression. Discussion: Due to the high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in students, mental health problems in students can be reduced by increasing activating students' counseling centers and organizing workshops for mental health education.