@article{ author = {MazloomiMahmoodabadi, Sayed Saeid and Rezazadehmehrizi, Mahdieh and Askarishahi, Mohsen and Vakili, Mahmoo}, title = {The Effect of Health-Based Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of First-Grade High School Students}, abstract ={Introduction: Students' health of is of great importance because they account for a large part of community. Schools play an important role in the transfer of health information to students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a health-based intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of high school students in Mehriz city.   Methods:  In this semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design, 260 first-grade high school students were studied in Mehriz city in 2016-2017. The data collection tool was five sections of the Global school-based student health survey (GHSH). The questionnaires were completed by students before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using z test, t-test, ANOVA, McNemar's test, and chi-squared test. Results: After the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the students' scores in the pre- and post- intervention steps with regard to taking milk and dairy at least twice per day, consuming vegetables, washing hands before eating in school, brushing twice or more daily, exercising for at least 60 minutes per day, and having insufficient sleep at night due to being worried about various issues (P<0.05). The intervention was also effective on the mean (±standard deviation) scores of knowledge about mental health, nutrition, and oral health, as well as mean(±standard deviation) scores of attitudes toward physical activity, oral health, and nutrition (P<0.05).   Conclusion: Health interventions can increase health promoting behaviors and enhance knowledge and attitudes in students. Therefore, it is recommended to use interventional programs using available facilities in schools.  }, Keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Students}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v17i7.849 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2297-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2297-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Alimohammad, Iraj and ahmadiKanrash, Fakhradin and Abolaghasemi, Jamileh and Rahmani, Kazem}, title = {The Effects of Chronical Noise-Exposure on Hearing Ability, Psychological and Mental Attitude of Workers in Automotive Industry}, abstract ={Introduction: Noise is considered as a physical hazard that seriously threatens human health in industrial environments. It is also the most important and influential harmful physical factor in workplace that can affect the individuals’ lifestyle and job. The present study aimed to determine the effects of chronic noise on the hearing ability as well as psychological and mental attitudes of workers in the workplace. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out to measure the sound intensity received by the individuals' ears at an 8-hour equivalent level based on ISO 9612: 2009 standard, using the Testo device (model CEL-815). Annoyance (negative mental attitude to work environment) was also measured using a questionnaire containing 11 questions.  Furthermore, the Stroop and Tower of London (TOL) tests were applied to investigate the cognitive performance.  Results: A total of 300 people with the mean age of 36.03 ± 3.79 were included in this study. The results clearly showed a significant relationship between cognitive indicators and hearing loss (P < 0/05 ). A significant relationship was also observed between annoyance and hearing level at different sound frequencies (P < 0/05). Besides, the results of the Stroop, Tower of London, and cognitive performance tests had a significant relationship with the annoyance caused by chronic exposure to noise (P < 0/05). Conclusion: The results of this study clearly showed the positive effect of hearing loss on annoyance and cognitive performance indicators among the workers exposed to chronic noise.    }, Keywords = {Hearing Loss, Cognitive Function ,Occupational Health, Stroop Test,Noise}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-31}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = { 10.18502/tbj.v17i7.850}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2830-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2830-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Fateme and Tabataba'i-nasab, Zohre and Dehqantafti, Mohammad ali}, title = {Causal Simultaneous Relation Between Economic Growth, Health Expenditure and CO2 Emissions in MENA Countries}, abstract ={Introduction: Economic growth is one of the most important goals of a country and has a close relationship with health expenditures and emissions of environmental pollutants. Health expenditures and environmental quality are also among the other important issues. On the one hand, environmental problems have become a serious threat to humankind in recent years. On the other hand, meaningful health expenditures can improve the health indicators, environmental quality, and economic growth. Methods: The objective of this study was to examine the causal relationship between economic growth, health expenditures, and CO2 emissions, using simultaneous-equations models and 3SLS for a panel of MENA countries in 1995-2014. Results: Findings showed that economic growth had a positive causality relationship with health expenditures and CO2 emissions. In addition, health expenditures had a negative effect on CO2 emissions. Conclusion: According to the positive effect of health expenditures on economic growth, healthcare sector credits should be increased. In fact, policy makers should invest on public health and welfare programs with regard to the future economic growth. In addition, since economic growth increases CO2 emissions, it is important for the investigated countries to examine the requirements to promote environmental protection and increase the technological transfer to reduce the environmental damage.  }, Keywords = {Economic growth, Health Expenditure, CO2 emissions, Simultaneous-equations, 3SLS}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {32-41}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v17i7.851 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2628-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2628-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {BarzegarBafrooei, kazem and Afkhami, Maryam and Shafie, Reyhaneh and AfkhamiAghda, Mohammad and Rezapour, yaser}, title = {Comparison of general health, coping styles, religious orientations, and personality dimensions of mothers with intellectual disability and of mothers with normal children}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare general health, coping styles, religious orientations, and personality dimensions of mothers with intellectually disable (ID) and normal children. Methods: A total of 258 mothers were randomly selected. The data were collected using questionnaires of General Health, NEO Five Factors, Islamic Religiosity, and Ways of Coping. Then, the independent-sample T test was run to analyze the results.  Results: Comparison of the participants' mean scores showed that the general health of mothers with ID children was lower than mothers with normal children. Compared to mothers with normal children, mothers with ID children used emotional focus coping styles more frequently. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to application of problem focus coping style. Mothers of ID children were more disorganized than mothers with normal children. Comparison of the mean scores of personality dimensions between the two groups revealed that mothers of ID children had higher scores in neuroticism and lower scores in extraversion, openness, agreeable, and consciousness. Conclusion: With respect to the numerous problems that mothers of children with ID experience, it seems necessary to take actions to solve their problems and to improve their health status.      }, Keywords = {General Health, Coping Styles, Religious orientations, Personality dimensions, Intellectual disability.}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {42-57}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v17i7.853 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2432-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2432-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {hajimohammadi, bahador and Eslami, Gilda and aalaei, mahsa and Ehrampoush, Mohammad hasan and Rezvani, Mohammad ebrahim and Fallahzadeh, Hossein and Shirdeli, Mehrnoosh}, title = {Study and Comparison of Genetically and Non-Genetically Modified Rice from View Point of Possibility of Gene Transferring in Blood of Labouraty Animal}, abstract ={Introduction: Genetically modified plants species of plants are produced by the genetic engineering of agricultural science and the addition of specific genes in their genetic sequences with the aim of optimizing the product and creating desirable traits. This study examined the remains of Cry1A(b) and P35 genes in blood of rats fed with genetically modified rice. Methods: This study was experimental and interventional and the study population included male and female rats Sprague Dawley (SD), which were divided into two treatment and control groups according to the type of food received. The first group consisted of 50% of the genetically modified rice and second group consisted of 50% of non- genetically modified rice. sampling and DNA extraction from the blood was done after 90 days of feeding the rats with the nutritional pattern using a kit. Quantitative and qualitative study of extracted DNA was performed using agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry, respectively. Results: Amplification product with targets P35, Cry1A(b) and T35 was studied using agarose gel electrophoresis 1.5%, which showed that blood samples were negative for the presence of transgenic genes. Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference in the presence of transgenic genes of p35 and Cry1A(b) in the blood tissue of the treatment and control groups of rats. Therefore, the results of this study reject the possibility of gene transfer to the existing organs of the consumers. Results of this study showed that there is no difference between safety of genetically and non-genetically modified rice from viewpoint of gen transferring.    }, Keywords = {Transgenic Rice, Rat Sprague Dawley, Blood, Cry1A (b), P35}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-70}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v17i7.854 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2827-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2827-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Fallahzadeh, Hossein and Momayyezi, Mahdieh}, title = {Female Teenagers\' Lifestyle in preventing Osteoporosis in Yazd in 2014}, abstract ={Introduction: Osteoporosis is a metabolic and preventable disease. Prevention of this disease should begin during adolescence. Life style behaviors have an important role in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the lifestyle of female teenagers in relation to the prevention of osteoporosis in Yazd in 2014. Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 500 female teenagers selected by cluster sampling method in Yazd. Data were collected by questionnaire, which validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, T-test, and ANOVA. Results: In the field of bone disease, 3.3percent of participants stated that they suffered from bone disease, 0.9 of the student had a history of fracture of spine, and 0.4 had a history of fracture in their ribs. In addition, 79.2 percent stated that they received direct sunlight for a long period daily. In the field of receiving food, results showed that 6.8 percent of students used milk and cheese every day. Furthermore, 82.3 percent of participants indicated consumption of  milk and cheese 4-6 times per week and 9.1 percent reported 0-3 times per week. In the field of physical activity, 70.1 percent of adolescents exercised during the last week and the frequent physical activity was walking in most of them (75.3%). Conclusion: Considering the effect of lifestyle such as diet, exercise, and exposure to sunlight on osteoporosis, educational programs should be conducted over proper nutrition, public sports, and lifestyle changes to prevent this complication    }, Keywords = { Life style, Osteoporosis, Primary Prevention, Adolescent, Women}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-82}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v17i7.855}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1437-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1437-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jamshidi, Hamid Reza and Ebrahimi, Elham}, title = {Effects of Parathion Toxin on Glutamate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity and Diabetes Induction}, abstract ={Introduction: The main propose of this study was to determine the effect of parathion on activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) as a key enzyme in second phase secretion of insulin and to determine serum glucose levels in rats. Methods: To conduct the study, 35 rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). The serum glucose level of each group was measured and the total average was calculated with a glucometer. The experimental groups (groups 1,2,3,4) received 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg of parathion pesticide via IP injection; whereas, the control group received no treatment. All rats were kept in similar condition. Serum glucose levels of rats were measured 24h after the final injection. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in rat’s pancreas was measured by GDH activity assay kit and using a spectrophotometer at 570nm. Results: The levels of glucose in treatment groups significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01). The levels of GDH activity in rats increased after receiving  1.5 and 2 mg/kg of parathion pesticides compared with the control group (P<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the results, parathion affects the GDH enzyme in the pancreatic islets and leads to insufficient secretion of insulin. Although insulin was increased and increased the intermediates of Krebs cycle, the rate of insulin secretion was not so high  to overcome the increase of glucose caused by parathion organophosphate  }, Keywords = {Parathion, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Pancreas, Rat}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {83-93}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v17i7.856}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2772-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2772-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Gohari, Mohse}, title = {A Study on the knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Diabetes in Yazd Province}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {18}, Number = {1}, pages = {94-106}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v17i7.857 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2909-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2909-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {mazloomyMahmoodabad, seyed Saeed and Sadeghi, Saeedeh and Jadgal, Mohammad Saeed and Yoshani, Noshin and Aghtabay, Rabee and Alizadeh, Somayeh}, title = {Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Drug Abuse Related Behaviors among Adolescents}, abstract ={Introduction: Drug abuse is one of the important challenges in the field of mental health and adolescence health promotion. Because of the social and medical cost of drug abuse and its consequences among youth people, it is necessary to intervene effectively. This theoretical based study explained predictability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on drug abuse related behaviors among adolscents.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chabahar City in 2015 among 300 male adolescents, recruited randomly. All data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity. The data were analyzed by independent t- test and pearson correlation.    Results: we found that 77% of the participants had no history of parental drug abuse. Furthermore, 72% of participants reported a history of using industrial drugs in their friends. The Chi-square test showed that adolescent's smoking had a significant relationship with father's education, family size, history of using industrial drugs in parents , history of using industrial drugs in friends, and the participants' business o (P˃0.000). However, the level of maternal education (P = 682) and living with parents (P = 729) had no significant relationship with the adolescents' smoking rate Conclusions: since knowledge and attitude had the highest correlation and predictability with industrial drug abuse among the adolescents, theory of planned behavior can be used properly and effectively to plan and implement  prevention programs among the adolescents.  }, Keywords = { Theory of Planned Behavior, Drug Abuse, Adolescents, Chabahar}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1259}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1922-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1922-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {khakshoor_ghareso, zohreh and Gholian_aval, Mehdi and Esmaily, Habibollah and Vahedian-Shahroodi, Mohammad and laele-monfared, Elahe}, title = {The Effect of Education-Based Health Action Process Approach on Parenting Skills of Mothers with Girl Students in Mashhad}, abstract ={Introduction: Parenting is a complex activity, which includes special procedures and behaviors that affect the child's growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the health action process approach on the parenting skills of girl students’ mothers in Mashhad. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 100 mothers (50test and 50control), who had 10-13 year-old girls. Mothers were selected using cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire designed based on the health action process approach. The questionnaire also contained the demographic questions and its validity and reliable were completed before and 2months after the intervention. After completing the questionnaires, data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and SD) and analytical tests (Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon) at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The Chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of family size, mothers' age category, level of education, and job. The Mann-Whitney test showed that significant difference existed between the experimental and control groups before intervention) P=0.01Z=2.57( only with regard to action planning. Moreover, two months after the intervention, significant differences were observed between the two groups in all constructs. Conclusion: According to the results, the educational intervention based on the structures of the health action process approach can have a positive impact on mother's parenting skills.    }, Keywords = {Education, Health action process approach, Parenting skill, Girl students.}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-22}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1260 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2572-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2572-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Heydarian, Syed Mohammad and Danaee, Soroosh and Ofoghi, Hamideh and farazmand, Abbas}, title = {Advanced Treatment of Meat Processing Wastewaters Using Microalgae}, abstract ={Introduction: Effluents of Meat processing are one of the untreated wastewaters containing high volumes of polluted components even after the primary and secondary treatments. The high cost of using the advanced treatment methods of the wastewaters has led the industry owners to release them in the nature without effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. In this study, an economic advanced method was presented for the first time for the treatment of meat processing effluents by producing valuable biomass. Methods: The recovery of wastewater components was studied for the growth of two profitable strains of Chlorella and Scenedesmus in three variations: real wastewater, normalized wastewater, and normalized wastewater with trace elements. The concentration of nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate was analyzed during the growth period. Results: Experimental data showed that normalized wastewater increased biological removal up to %78 in Scenedesmus and 64% in Chlorella. In addition, normalized wastewater containing trace elements increased biological removal up to %93 in Scenedesmus and 95% in Chlorella. The addition of phosphates reduced pH fluctuations and worked as a buffer. Conclusion: The meat wastewaters processing can provide a rich culture medium for cultivation of microalgae. The results of this research can present a novel promising and economic alternative way to remove nutrient pollutions in meat wastewaters processing.  }, Keywords = {Meat Processing Wastewater, Microalgae, Advanced treatment, Removal of pollutions.}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {23-36}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = { 10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1261}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2646-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2646-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Morowatisharif, Mohammad ali and Seifi, Masomeh and Dehqantafti, Arefeh and kargar, Saeid and Mortazavizadeh, Mohammad Rez}, title = {The Relationship between Breast Self-examination and the Disease Stage in Detection Time among Patients with Breast Cancer in Yazd}, abstract ={Introduction: breast cancer, as the most common cancer among women, is controllable if it is diagnosed at the early stages. Breast self- examination is a simple method for early detection. One of the most important effective factors on the cancer-related mortality is the defection stage. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between breast self-examination and the disease stage with regard to the detection time among patients with breast cancer in Yazd. Methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out on 159 women with breast cancer, who referred to medical centers in Yazd. Data collection tool was a questionnaire with two parts. The first part was the demographic information and the second part dealt with the patients' breast self-examination before the detection of their disease. The disease stage in the detection time was determined based on the results of the pathology test. Data were analyzed using χ2 and other description tests by SPSS. Results: A statistically signification relationship was observed between disease stage at the defection time and breast self-examination. The disease was detected earlier in individuals who reported a higher frequency of breast self-examination in comparison with those who did not. Conclusion: Breast self-examination affects the early detection of breast cancer and those who were educated had better practice. So, the results show the importance of educational programs in this regard.    }, Keywords = {Breast cancer, Disease stage in detection time, Breast self-examination}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-45}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1262 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2233-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2233-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghasemian, Seyedeh Ommolbani}, title = {Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Raw Cow Milk of Dairy Farms in Behbahan area, Khuzestan province, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Mycotoxins are among the environmental chemical agents with toxic effects on animals and humans. Aflatoxins (AF) are a major group of mycotoxins produced following the growth of some species of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, particularly in agricultural products. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is secreted to milk and remains there since the process of pasteurization and sterilization has little effect on this metabolite. The aim of this study was to investigate the natural occurrence of AFM1 in raw milk in Behbahan area, which is an area of high-density livestock production in southwest of Iran. The other aim was to compare these obtained levels with the accepted level recommended by the European community (50 ng/L). Methods: In the present study, 90 samples of raw milk were collected from five dairy farms in Behbahan region, Khuzestan province, Iran. The AFM1 was analyzed using the Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method by ELISA kits from Euro Clone, Italy.  Data were analyzed by ANOVA and the results were reported as mean ± SE. The significant level was set at p ≤ 0.05.  Results: The concentration of aflatoxin M1 in (15)16.54% of raw milk was higher than maximum tolerance limit accepted by European :::::::::union::::::::: /Codex Alimentarius Commission (50 ng/l). The results of this study showed that all 90 investigated raw milk samples were contaminated with AFM1 (100%). Conclusion: A significant difference was observed between concentration means of AFM1 in various studied farms at P < 0.05. Consequently, high occurrence of AFM1 in raw milk samples was considered as a possible hazard for human health. However, further longitudinal studies are required on milk samples and other dairy products in Behbahan as well as other regions of Iran to estimate the representative intake of AFM1 in Iran.    }, Keywords = {Raw milk, Aflatoxin M1, Behbahan.}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {46-56}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = { 10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1263}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2125-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2125-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sadeghinezhad, Javad and Morovvati, Hassan and KavyaniYekta, Zohreh and Fattahi, Kamand and Hajimohammadi, Bahador and AkhondzadehBasti, Afshin and BarzegarBafrooei, Raziyeh}, title = {Evaluation of the Histological Method in Quantitative Detection of Unauthorized Tissues (chicken skin and bone) in Reconstructed Kabab Loghme and Kielbasa}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, consumption of meat and meat products have increased throughout the world. Regarding the economic values of meat, unauthorized tissues can be used in producing meat products. This study was conducted to detect unauthorized tissues in raw and processed meat products. Methods: Samples of Kabab loghme (70% meat) and kielbasa (30% and 90 % meat), each containing 5, 10, 15, and 20% of chicken skin and bone were prepared.  Then, each sample was divided into three parts. One piece was taken from each part and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. The samples were routinely processed for light microscopy and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin-embedded blocks were cut into 6 μm sections and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological study. Results: The histological examination revealed the chicken skin and bone tissues clearly in all the samples. The histometrical analysis indicated that the estimated percentages of the additive bone, especially in kabab loghme, were not significantly different from the real percentages. However, the skin tissue was difficult to estimate, especially in Kielbasa. Conclusion: The findings of the present research suggest the histological technique as an effective method for quantitative evaluations of raw and processed meat products. However, the quantitative evaluation of additive tissues in raw meat products was more convenience than the processed products. In addition, estimation of bone additive was more applicable in comparison with skin tissue due to its resistance to histological processing preparations.}, Keywords = {Histology, Kabab loghme, Kielbasa, Adulteration, Skin, Bone }, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {57-69}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1264 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2515-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2515-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Motahareh sadat and MazidiSharafabadi, Faezeh and eslami, Hadi and Jalili, Mahrokh and AfkhamiAghda, Mohamm}, title = {The Effect of Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Hospital Personnel in Preventing Hospital Infections}, abstract ={Introduction: Hospital infections are a common problem in hospitals worldwide. Nosocomial infections have increasingly resulted in patients' death and imposed high costs over the individuals. Members of the medical team, especially nurses, play an important role in prevention and control of the nosocomial infections. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the effect of education on the infection control knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses in Abarkuh Hospital affiliated to University of Medical Sciences . Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Abarkuh in 2017. The research population consisted of all personnel of Abarkuh Hospital. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS 20. Results: The average knowledge scores of nurses increased from 3±3.82 to 32±6.29 after education. Moreover, the practice scores of participants increased from 14.68±4.63 to 17.20±4.25. No significant relationship was found between characteristics of nurses and their knowledge after education (p>0.05). No significant relation was seen between academic degree, marital status, and gender of participants and their average scores of knowledge and practice after the educational workshop. Conclusion: It seems that education has a positive effect on improving the knowledge and practice of nurses about infection control. Therefore, expanding the theoretical and practical courses of education is essential to improve the knowledge and quality of service presentation.  }, Keywords = {Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Hospital Infection, Nurse}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {70-80}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1265}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2800-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2800-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tabibi, Seyed Jamaledin and Delgoshaei, Bahram and Nikfard, Maryam}, title = {The Effect of Scheduling on Operating Room Utilization at an Affiliated Hospital of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd}, abstract ={Introduction: Resource management and efficiency analysis assist the hospitals in controlling the expenses and optimum utilization. Operating room (OR) is a critical department in a hospital and its performance highly affects the financial resources. The current study tried to measure OR utilization at a University Hospital of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study in which 151 surgeries performed in four ORs were recorded in a total of 53 OR days. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Results: OR utilization was measured as 68% for Orthopedics OR, 61% for Ophthalmology, 89% General Surgery, and 86% for ENT. In general, 13400 minutes out of 19080 available min. were used for the surgeries and 1215 min. for turn-over-time or delay between two surgeries. Of the total 53 days, 7 days were used efficiently, 27 days were under-utilized, and 19 days were over-utilized. Data analysis showed that Orthopedics and Ophthalmology rooms were under-utilized, while General Surgery and ENT rooms were over-utilized. Conclusion: Regarding the importance of surgical suites efficiency, calculation of OR utilization could provide valuable and practical information for the managers to efficiently use the hospital resources. Therefore, it is highly recommended to insert the exact start and end time for each surgery in specified software. Further similar studies are suggested with larger records for more effective scheduling of the surgeries and improved OR efficiency.    }, Keywords = {Operating room, Utilization, Efficiency, Scheduling.}, volume = {18}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-95}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i2.1266 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mazloomymahmoodabad, Seyed Saeed and Sotoudeh, Ahmad and Asadian, Ali and Rezaeian, shahab}, title = {Evaluation of a Workshop on Social Determinants of Health based on Kirkpatrrick Model}, abstract ={Introduction: Evaluation provides truly useful information about the effectiveness of the educational programs. Kirkpatrick model provides a four-level training evaluation framework (reaction, learning, behavior, and results). The present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a workshop on “social determinants of health” held for the health staff of a medical center in Bandar Abbas Province, in the South of Iran. Methods: In the present research, a training workshop was held on social determinants of health for 40 staff of a medical center. Later, this workshop was evaluated based on the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model and a researcher-constructed questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS-19. Results: The participants' mean scores of satisfaction (reaction), learning, and behavior were 41.47±4.34, 14.9±1.93, and 10.72±3.8, respectively. The overall effectiveness (reaction, learning and behavior) was evaluated as optimal. The most effective items in reaction, learning, and behavior levels were awareness-raising, better performance of tasks at work, and use of the acquired content in monitoring work, respectively. Conclusion: Staff training to provide them with job-related practical knowledge not only satisfies them, but also improves their professional learning and performance. Kirkpatrick training evaluation model needs to be applied to other staff training programs at four levels of reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Those who develop and implement training courses need to be acquainted with these constructs.     }, Keywords = {Kirkpatrick model, Evaluation, Social determinants of health, Training workshop}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1439}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2592-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2592-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {ZareiMahmoodabad, Hassan and Modaresi, Mahdiye sadat and barzegarbafroyi, kazem}, title = {Comparison of the Parenting styles, Quality of life, and Family Functioning between Dual Career and Single Career Families in Yazd City}, abstract ={Introduction: Women are interested in social roles along with their maternal role. According to mothers' role in parenting style, family functioning, and quality of life, we compared the  parenting style, quality of life, and family function between dual career and single career families in Yazd City. Methods:  This casual-comparative study was conducted over 304 dual career and single carrier families in three regions of Yazd selected using available sampling method. The study tools included parenting style questionnaire, quality of life questionnaire, and family function questionnaire.  Data were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: The results indicated that quality of life and its dimensions caused no significant difference in dual career and single career families. In the field of family functioning, the only difference was in roles’ dimension, which was significantly different between dual career and single career  families. This difference was in favor of dual career families. Regarding the parenting style, the only significant difference was related to the authoritative style this difference was in favor of single career families. Conclusion: According to the results, no significant difference was observed between the dual career and single career families in the style of parenting, family functioning, and quality of life.    }, Keywords = {Parenting style, Quality of life, Family function, Dual career , Single carrier families. }, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {11-21}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1440 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2094-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2094-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shahriary-kalantary, Manijeh and Nasiriani, khadijeh}, title = {The Relationship between Attitude toward Research and Research Self-efficacy in MSc Students of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Positive attitude towards research can increase the students’ interest in research. Research self-efficacy is an effective factor on attitude towards research. It seems that higher research self-efficacy can influence students’ interest in research. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between attitude to research and research self-efficacy in MSc students of medical sciences. Methods: In this descriptive study, 176 graduate students in medical sciences were selected through stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was the questionnaires of attitude toward research and research self-efficacy. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistical tests by SPSS version 15.  Results: Most samples were female (80.1%) and studied nursing (10.8%), while a minority of them was studying parasitology and physiology (1.1%). A significant statistical correlation was observed between the mean scores of attitude towards research and research self-efficacy of students. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mean scores of attitude towards research and the students' age and gender. Conclusions: Based on the results, existence of a positive relationship between attitude and research self-efficacy suggests that creation of a positive attitude towards research creates higher research self-efficacy beliefs in students and provides a basis for more student research.    }, Keywords = {Research, Attitude, Self-efficacy, Master Students, Medical sciences}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {22-31}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1441}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2743-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2743-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {yavari, Mohammad Reza and Rezaeipandari, Hassan and morowatisharifabad, mohammad ali and Bahrevar, vali and AfkhamiAghda, Faezeh and Haghighi, Mortez}, title = {Spiritual Health and its Relationship with Religious Behaviors of Students in Yazd University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Spiritual well-being, as one of the basic concepts about how to deal with the problems and tensions caused by different conditions of life, is one of the dimensions of health that integrates its other dimensions. Therefore, considering the importance of this dimension of health in the lives of students, we aimed to investigate the status of spiritual well-being and its relationship with religious behaviors among students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2017. Methods: This is a correlational and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 420 students in Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Random stratified sampling method was used to select the participants from each school. The sample size was determined based on the number of students. The data collection tool was a standard spiritual health questionnaire and religious behaviors. Data were analyzed by descriptive and quantitative distribution as well as Chi-square, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests using SPSS. Results: The participants' mean age was 20.93 ± 3.61 years. The results showed a significant relationship between religious behaviors and marital status (p <0.040). Spiritual well-being had a significant relationship with gender and mother's level of education (p <0.05). We found that 67% of students had moderate level of spiritual health. A positive and significant correlation was also observed between spiritual well-being and religious behaviors among students (p <0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the students were in good condition in terms of spiritual wellbeing, but their status was not desirable in terms of religious behaviors. Considering the correlation between spiritual health and religious behaviors in students, serious attention should be paid in designing  students' curriculum based on cultural issues.}, Keywords = {Spiritual health, Behavior, Religious, Student}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {32-44}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1442 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2777-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2777-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {MorowatisharifAbad, Mohammad Ali and Hosseini, Narjes and Behzadifar, Masoud and Behzadifar, Meysam and Rastian, Mohammad and fazelpour, Shokooh}, title = {The Relationship between Spiritual Health and Use of Virtual Social Networks in High-School Students of Firozabad, Fars Province}, abstract ={Introduction: In different societies, paying attention to spiritual dimension of health has been emphasized as one of the health dimensions according to the WHO. The study aimed to determine the relation between spiritual health and use of virtual social networks among high school students in Firouzabad, Fars province in 2017. Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 380 students (16-18 years) were selected using the multistage stratified sampling. Data collection instruments included demographic information questionnaire, virtual social network use questionnaire, and Poltzea and Ellisons questionnaire of spiritual health assessment.   To analyze the data, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression tests were used. Results: The mean score of spiritual health was 83.98 ± 17.01 and had a significant correlation with education level (p<0.001) and internet use time (p=0.02). A significant correlation was found between virtual social networks use and monthly income, (r=0.17) religions health (r= -0.64), individual health (r= -0.11), and total score of spiritual health (r= -0.09). Most of the students (65.77%) had internet access and the most frequently used virtual social network was WathsApp. Logisitc regression revealed that the mean score of desirable spiritual health among students who used virtual social networks for 11-20 , 21-30, and >30 hours per week were 0.83 , 0.72, and 0.27 times lower than the students who used these networks less than 10 hours a week. Conclusion: Internet access was higher in male students than female and the spiritual health was at the average level in both genders. Regarding the effect of virtual social networks on students and its increasing expansion, the issue must be considered by authorities.}, Keywords = {Spiritual health, Internet, Social network}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {45-56}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1443 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2165-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2165-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Marzban, Ameneh and Rahmanian, Vahid and Shirdeli, Mehrnoosh and Barzegaran, Mehran and Baharinya, Saj}, title = {Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Food Hygiene and Safety among Food Catering Staff in Yazd}, abstract ={Introduction: Observance of food hygiene and safety by the staff working in the food supply and distribution sector is one of the most important factors in prevention of foodborne diseases. However, considering the inadequate knowledge and inappropriate performance of the staff, we are faced with many epidemics of food poisoning. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of food supply and distribution companies in Yazd. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 126 employees working in 15 food catering centers in Yazd City in 2018. Census sampling method was applied to collect data by a researcher-made questionnaire. In this questionnaire, the items were about the participants' background demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and practice in the field of food health, which was designed according to previous studies. Data were analyzed using SPSS24, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The employees' mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 10.08 ± 5.11, 24.31 ± 8.37 and 8.91 ± 6.50, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the mean and standard deviation of the participants' knowledge and education level (P = 0.00). Furthermore, a positive and significant correlation was observed between the participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide individuals with practical and continuous training programs by experienced specialists. Moreover, food catering staff should be motivated to adhere to the principles of personal hygiene and food and their health knowledge should be updated.  }, Keywords = { Awareness, Attitude, Performance, Catering, Staff, Yazd}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {57-68}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1444 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2908-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2908-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jafarinodoshan, Reza and Halvani, Gholam hossein and Sadriesfahani, Ali and Mirjalili, Alireza and Nazari, Mahsa and Alimoradi, Hadi and Anoosheh, Vida sadat}, title = {A study of the relationship between occupational stress and work accidents in employees of fire department and safety services of Yazd city}, abstract ={Introduction: Job stress is one of the most important phenomena in social life and is a serious threat to the health of the workforce in the world. Job stress can cause occupational accidents and incidents resulting injuries to people and damage equipment of the workplace. Firefighting is also one of the most stressful occupations. Firefighters are among the most important specialty occupation that need to be physically and mentally fit to perform safely their missions and tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and work accidents among the staff of fire department and safety services of Yazd city. Methods: This is a descriptive study that was performed on 9 individuals who were selected from the whole statistical population by available sampling method. The validity coefficient of job stress questionnaire was 0.78 and the validity of both questionnaires was confirmed by some experts. Statistical methods used in this study include descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis) which were performed by spss12 software. Results: he results showed that occupational stress was higher than usual and there was a significant relationship between occupational stress and variables such as physical status of workplace, work injury and injury, time pressure at work, workplace problems and decision making at work. The severity of the correlation between all of these cases is strong except for moderate to severe accidents and stress also plays an important role in predicting the rate of accidents. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study of employees exposed to stress, they are more weakened and suffering from low spirits and stress indifferent to tasks, decreasing the energy of adaptation of employees, decreasing efficiency, problems in decision making, Disrupting organizational communication and decreasing job values and organizational productivity of firefighting staff are therefore important in assessing job stress on firefighters.  }, Keywords = {occupational stress, occupational accidents, fire department and safety services.}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {69-80}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1445 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2959-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2959-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Dehghani, Abbasali and dehghani, Mohammad Hosein and Pourshariati, Fatemeh and Shiravand, Babak and Khorasani, Ali Rez}, title = {The Effect of Islamic Culture on Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Nurses of Yazd University of Medical Sciences Hospitals}, abstract ={Introduction: The organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals is of great importance since it enhances positive relationships between employees and their involvement in organizational activities. On the other hand, culture is one of the main and major components of the organization, which has a direct effect on promoting the organization's activities. In this regard, rich Islamic culture with its pure concepts has a great role in shaping and refining people's behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Islamic culture on organizational citizenship behavior among nurses in hospitals of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 264 staff of the selected hospitals affiliated with Yazd University of Medical Sciences was selected using two-stage sampling method. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic information, a 22-item organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire with 5 dimensions, and the Islamic culture questionnaire, which should be answered using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and SmartPLS software. Results: Among the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior, the highest mean and standard deviation were related to conscientiousness dimension (3.10±0.69). The total mean and standard deviation was calculated as 2.99±0.57 for the component of organizational citizenship behavior. The mean and standard deviation of Islamic culture was 2.89±0.53. According to the data analysis algorithm in PLS method, by examining the significant coefficients of t for each path, Islamic culture had significant effect on all components of the organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: Considering the impact of Islamic culture on organizational citizenship behavior, various cultural programs such as cultural training courses, cultural seminars, and cultural events are suggested to promote Islamic culture in hospitals.  }, Keywords = {Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Influence of Islamic Culture, Yazd Hospitals, Nurses}, volume = {18}, Number = {3}, pages = {81-90}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i3.1446 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2831-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2831-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {MazloomiMahmoodabad, Seyed Saeid and Asadpoor, Mohammad and Mahbobirad, Mahmood and mobinilotfabad, mohamm}, title = {The Study Predictors of Fast-Food Consumption based on the Prototype/Willingness Model in Students of Public Health School, Rafsanjan City, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: In recent decades, a significant increase has been observed in the average weight of people due to fast food consumption, which increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Given the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the predictors of fast food consumption based on the Prototype/Willingness Model   among students the School of Public Health in Rafsanjan City. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 129 students from Rafsanjan School of Public Health were studied using the census method. The data were collected using a researcher-made   questionnaire by self-report. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS  version 20 and statistical tests of correlation and regression analysis. Results: According to the Prototype/Willingness Model, the mean and standard deviations of the attitude, positive perceptions, tendencies to fast food consumption, intention to not consume fast food, and negative mental norms about fast food consumption were 13.76±3.61, 17± 4.35, 7.4 ±1.58, 6.27± 4.19, and 7± 3.11, respectively. Considering the scores of the Prototype/Willingness Model, the attitude construct had the best score with 68.8% of the total attainable score. Based on the results of the correlations, a significant positive correlation was found between  the intention  to  avoid consuming fast food and negative subjective norms to fast food consumption. Moreover, a  significant negative correlation was observed between the constructs of attitude, positive images, and willingness to fast food consumption. Linear regression analysis showed that all constructs of the studied model  could predict  0.40% of the variance in the intention to avoid consuming  fast food. In this regard, the  negative subjective norms to fast food consumption  was strongest construct. Conclusion: Subjective norm is defined as one's important individuals' belief about performing a behavior . Thus, subjective norms changes in the negative direction towards consuming fast foods is effective based on  the Prototype/Willingness Model. .}, Keywords = {Fast food, Students , Prototype/Willingness model}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1854}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2531-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2531-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Momtaz, Neguin and Rajabi, Zahra and SoltanDallal, Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {Prevalence of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Hamburger Samples in Tehran and their Antibiotic Susceptibility}, abstract ={Introduction:Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common food-borne diseases. The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported globally. Today, strains of Staphylococcus aureus in food have become a problem in clinical infections and are considerde as a serious public health concern. Methods: A total of 100 samples were tested in the laboratory; including 75 handmade and 25 industrial hamburger samples. The Staphylococcus aureus samples were isolated and identified according to the National Iranian Standard No. 6806-3. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was performed. In this study, the antibiotics penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, vancomycin, and oxacillin were used. Results: Of 100 analyzed hamburger samples, 39 samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (23 industrial and 16 ­ handmade samples). All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (100%) were susceptible to gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics. Conclusions: Due to the importance of Staphylococcus aureus, as the supergene antigen and its role in causing food poisoning, contamination of foodstuffs with Staphylococcus aureus can threaten the consumers' health.    }, Keywords = {Food-borne diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic susceptibility, Hamburger}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {12-23}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1855 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2859-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2859-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Ahmad and Bastani, Peivand and Jafari, Hassan and Barati, Omi}, title = {Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in Development of Hospital Service from the Viewpoint of Public and Non-Public Managers in Shiraz}, abstract ={Introduction: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been constructively considered in recent years to reform health sectors in many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of Shiraz hospital managers on the implementation of public-private partnership model in providing hospital services. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Shiraz in 2016. Hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, private hospitals, charities and investors in the health sector were considered as the research population, that 56 people were selected as research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed applying descriptive and analytical tests such as t-test in SPSS21. Results: Of the 56 samples surveyed, 36 (64%) were from the public sector and 20 (36%) were from the non-public sector. Among the 6 areas considered for PPP implementation, capacity building areas (2.53± 0.53) and socio-cultural (2.58± 0.40) have the highest score and policy area than other areas (2.18 ± 0.48) had the lowest score. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of the participants in the public and non-public sectors, none of the six effective factors in implementing the PPP model in the development of hospital services in Shiraz is not favorable. Authorities and policymakers should increase the level of readiness of hospitals to implement this template by providing an appropriate platform for nongovernmental participation.  }, Keywords = {Public-Private Partnerships, Hospital Services, Viewpoint of Managers}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {24-45}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = { 10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1856}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2799-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2799-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {ZareShahabadi, Akbar and Soleimani, Zakieh}, title = {Investigating the Role of Immigrants in the Prevalence of Addiction in Yazd City, Iran}, abstract ={  Introduction: Immigration is known as an effective factor in crime. The probable assumption is that this factor can also contribute to the spread of addiction. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of migration on the prevalence of addiction. Methods: The study population consisted of all drug addicts referring to well-being centers and addiction treatment camps. 384 of them were selected by available sampling method and were studied by researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the study were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: According to the results, the proportion of addicted migrants is more addicted than natives. As 47.4% of the addicts are immigrants, while immigrants constitute 33% of the statistical population of Yazd. That is, a larger percentage of immigrants are addicted to their population size. The population of drug addicts outside the province is almost twice as large as the immigrants inside the Yazd province, and about one-third of the drug addicts are immigrants outside the province. immigrants have a higher mean of addiction. This amount is between 23 and 25, while the indigenous is 22.4. Non-native addicts typically consume psychotropic pills and opium. Also, there was a significant difference in the amount of social control, social support, cultural attraction, marginalization between immigrants and non-immigrants. Conclusion: Immigrants than natives, had more tendency to addiction, distribution of materials and Having a history of leaving the material. Social marginalization and lack of social control, social support and cultural attraction among immigrants are effective in increasing their addiction}, Keywords = {Addiction, Native, Marginalization, Cultural attraction, Social control, Immigrants}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {46-61}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1857}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2610-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2610-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Farnia, Frahnaz and Shafizadeh, Mehdi and Javadi, Mostaf}, title = {Self-management Determinants in Kidney Transplant Recipients according to the Health Belief Model}, abstract ={Introduction: Kidney transplant recipients, as chronic patients, need lifelong self-management. Therefore, identification of the effective factors is helpful in strengthening the individuals' adherence and planning self-management in the post-transplant period. However, the empirical research on this area is limited. The purpose of this study was "Explaining self-management determinants in kidney transplant recipients according to the health belief model". Methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The participants were included in the study by purposive and theoretical sampling methods until theoretical and classical saturations were achieved. The data were collected and analysed using 24 semi-structured interviews by 19 participants (14 transplant recipients, 4 family members, and a patient with a history of transplant rejection). The MAXQDA10 software was used to organize and manage the data. Results. After analysing the data, 264 primary conceptual codes were extracted. The findings were reported in 20 sub- categories and in accordance with six categories of the health belief model (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to actions). Conclusion. The findings of this qualitative study provided a profound understanding over the experiences of kidney transplant recipients and their family members about self-management determinants. The findings confirmed the health belief model constructs and its application in predicting these patients' self-management. In addition, the findings can be  a guide for health planners and policy makers to select the suitable interventions and strategies to improve the adherence to recipients' self-management.  }, Keywords = {Self-management, Organ transplantation, Kidney transplantation recipients, Health belief model, Qualitative research}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {62-78}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1858 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2933-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2933-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Zare, Elham and Jabbari, Taghi and BarzegarBafrooei, Kazem}, title = {Investigating the Relationship Between the Amount and the Way of Using Mobile Phones with Achievement Motivation and Educational among Female Students in Yazd City}, abstract ={Introduction:Using cell phone has become an inseparable part of the life in the recent years. In spite of the useful usage of the cell phone, its constant over-use makes the field for people’s addiction and harms. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the relation between the cell phone’s scale and the way of use with the motivation of educational progress among the female students’ of the ninth grade of high schools in Yazd Township. Methed: The understudy model in this research was 288 persons who were chosen according to Krejci & Morgan tables. The Random-Cluster Testing model was multi-leveled that had been chosen randomly among the female high schools of Zone two. The means of use were cell-phone over-use scale (COS) Jenaro, et.al (2007), the questionnaire of cell-phone’s usage type (Manteghi, 1389), Achievement Motivation Test (AMT) Hermens (1987).The Correlation Test of Pierson and Regression has been used to analyze the data. Resulth:The result of data analysis showed that there is no relation between harmful usage of cell phone and achievement motivation (p>0.05), a positive meaningful relation between the software use and the use of calendar and time with achievement motivation (p<0.05). Conclusions:The result showed that the use of some of cell phone’s options which are according to the present needs of learners can be effective greatly. Albeit the results shows the necessity of programmers and authorities’ attention to the growing spread of harmful usage of cell phone in the high schools.  }, Keywords = {cell phone, achievement motivation,Educational Function, the student.}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {79-88}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1859 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2982-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2982-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {YousefYaghoobi, Fatemeh and Riahi, Leila and Tabibi, Seyed Jamaleddin and Mahmoudi-Majdabadifarahani, Mahmou}, title = {Effective Self-Efficacy Factors in Empowerment of Health Care Networks Managers in East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Ardebil Provinces, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Empowerment has determinant role in developing the ability of individuals in order to achieve sustainable improvement in efficiency of the health care organizations. This study was carried out to identify the variables and effective self-efficacy components affecting the manager’s empowerment in Health­ Care Networks during 2018-19. Methods: This is an applied and exploratory study. At first, the variables involving in the empowerment of human resources were extracted by reviewing the literature as well as interviewing with the specialists. Then, the conceptual model was designed, the questionnaire compiled and its validity and reliability confirmed. The data were collected through the completing of the questionnaire by 416 managers who were chosen via stratified random sampling method and analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results:  According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, the variable “continuous training” with the factor loading of 0.84 was found the most important variable. Concerning the standard coefficients of confirmatory factor analysis, variables of all the three components of self-efficacy were significant (p<0.001) and the component “Believe in responsibly ability and skill in work” (factor loading = 0.96) had the higher effect on self-efficacy. The impact rate of self-efficacy in empowerment with 0.96 and the variables “having job skills” and "emotional arousal" with 0.79 factor loading are considered as the most significant variables. Conclusion: The Universities of Medical Sciences and Health Care Networks can improve the ability of the managers through continuous training, promotion of professional skills, responsibility and presenting the successful models and experiences.  }, Keywords = {Empowerment Model, Health Care Managers, Self-Efficacy}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {89-106}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1860 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2881-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2881-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mirhoseni, Seyed Jalil and Mazloomy, SeyedSaeed and MoqaddasiAmiri, Mohammad and alizadeh, somayeh}, title = {The Study of Blood Pressure Related Factors Based on Health Belief Model in Yazd in 2017}, abstract ={Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic disease that causes a great deal of harm to the individual, which is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, accounting for one eighth of all deaths. This disease is not treatable but it is manageable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors related to hypertension based on health belief model in Yazd. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 400 people over 30 years old in Yazd city. Sampling was done by cluster method. Subjects were included in the study according to the address of the headers. Questionnaires were completed by self-report and interview. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, awareness questions and health belief model. SPSS 15 software was used for data analysis. Statistical indices, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the results. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age were 44.08 ±11.6 years. There was a significant relationship between demographic variables of age, gender, occupation, education, marital status and history of hypertension in relatives. Among the constructs of health belief model, only the perceived barriers showed a significant relationship with blood pressure (P <0.01). Conclusion: Since there is a significant relationship between perceived barriers and hypertension, it is suggested that future interventions be designed to reduce perceived barriers (No need to change lifestyles, lack of time for physical activity, cost of regular blood pressure control, and no family accompanying diet changes) and blood pressure control.}, Keywords = {Blood Pressure, Health Belief Model, Yazd}, volume = {18}, Number = {4}, pages = {107-119}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1861 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2980-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2980-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Behroozpour, Afsaneh and Shams, Mohsen and Mousavi, Masumeh and Ostovar, Rahim}, title = {Application of the Health Belief Model to Change Women\'s Self-Medication Behavior regarding Prescription-Only Medicines in Yasuj City, Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Self-medication is one of the challenging health issues among women throughout the world and Iran. Considering the main role of mothers in promoting health within the families, women play a key role in this regard. This study aimed at determining the effect of an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) to change the women's self-medication behavior about consuming Prescription-Only Medicines (POM) in Yasuj City, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test/post-test design over 192 women under the coverage of urban healthcare centers. These participants were selected by random sampling method and divided into the intervention and control groups. After measuring the constructs of HBM, a tailored intervention was designed and implemented in four weeks. The intervention program consisted of instructional sessions, pamphlet delivery, and short messages (SMS). After three months, educational contends were reevaluated and the results were compared with the pre-intervention data for both groups.    Results: No significant difference was observed between the interventional and control groups before and after the intervention (p> 0.05). Comparison of the data collected from the questionnaires administered before and three months after the intervention showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the perceived susceptibility construct (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, the HBM was effective in changing women's self-medication behavior considering the prescription-only medicines. Self-medication can be reduced by increasing the women's perceived susceptibility to medication.    }, Keywords = {Self-medication, Health Belief Model, Women}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {1-14}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2271}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2723-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2723-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ravanbakhsh, Fereshteh and Nourbakhsh, Parivash and Sepasi, Hossein and Kohandel, Mehdi}, title = {Designing a Model of Effective Factors to Attract Women to Fitness Clubs by Emphasizing on Health Promotion Behaviors}, abstract ={Introduction: Regular physical activity is considered as the first priority in healthy lifestyle. Due to the importance and role of mobility and physical activity in women's lives, the main goal of this research was to design a model for attracting females to fitness clubs by  emphasizing on the health promotion behaviors.  Methods: In this research, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. The statistical population included all female clients of fitness clubs, who exercised in these centers for more than six previous months in Yazd. For sampling, a combination of cluster and relative methods was used. The research data were analyzed using the structural equation model through the Amos software version 23. Results: Based on the findings of the exploratory factor analysis, three effective factors of environmental (design, facilities, and health), social (administrators, family), and services (planning, advertising, cost) were identified in attracting female clients to the fitness clubs in Yazd province. The results of the model's fitness indices showed a good fitness for the proposed model. Conclusion: The findings suggest the physical fitness clubs to have more effective plans. The club managers are recommended to consider expectations of their clients, especially women and mothers to  attract more customers to their clubs.}, Keywords = {Physical fitness, Health promotion, Attraction factors, Model design, Customers}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {15-26}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2273}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2812-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2812-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Iranizadeh, Jalal and ZareiMahmoodabadi, Hassan and Vaziri, Saeeid and Afshani, Seyed Alirez}, title = {Exploring a Family Consolidation Model based on the Lazarus Multifaceted Theory among Couples in Yazd City(Qualitative)}, abstract ={Family consolidation leads the society towards its desirable ideals. Therefore, the youth should be encouraged to marry and provided with the necessary trainings on family consolidation. The present qualitative research aimed to develop a family consolidation model based on the Lazarus Multifaceted Model in order to consolidate the family foundation. To collect the study information, 19 family therapists and experts were selected by purposive sampling method and interviewed in Yazd province, Iran.  The guided qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.   The interview questions were semi-structured based on the Lazarus theory including components such as behavior, emotion, cognition, senses, relationship, mental imagery, and physical senses. The interviews continued up to the data saturation where no new code was created. Later, the recorded interviews were transcribed, typewritten, and coded. After coding, the qualitative research experts’ opinions were asked to determine the content validity of the extracted codes based on the extracted results of the native model. Data analysis ultimately led to the formation of 14 sub-themes and 7 main themes (behavior, emotion, cognition, senses, relationship, mental imagery, and physical senses). The sub-themes consisted of adherence to the family, intimacy, effective communication, importance of counseling, forgiveness, introversion / extraversion, timing, sensory improvement, family visiting, family ceremony, self-confidence, media impact, diversity in nutrition, exercises, and recreation. Since family is the best emotional, social, and emotional basis for its members, this research presented a model to educate family consolidation to indvudlas with different problems. This model can also be valuable for therapists and family experts dealing with family members.}, Keywords = {Lazarus multifaceted model, Family consolidation, Qualitative research}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {27-40}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = { 10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2281}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2914-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2914-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {KalatehSadati, Ahmad and Taheri, Vajihe and Hemmati, Sorror}, title = {Challenges Experienced by HIV/AIDS-Positive Women in Marital Relationships; A qualitative study}, abstract ={Introduction: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is alarmingly increasing. Considering the experiences of HIV/AIDS-positive patients, experiences of the women who took HIV/AIDS from their husbands –marital relationships- can be different. The purpose of this study was to describe the challenges of these women. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions with 10 women who took HIV/AIDS from their husbands. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that participants experienced a kind of compulsive social isolation. They could not interact with anyone except their parents. They suffered from social stigma because the disease is associated with the illicit sex label. From data analysis, three main themes of fear, marital despondency, and stigma emerged. Conclusion: The concerns and challenges of women who took HIV/AIDS from their marital relationships revealed that these women were exposed to the social strains because of having HIV / AIDS and stigma of illegitimate sexual relationships. In this regard, public awareness should be raised about this disadvantaged group of the community. To hit this target, individuals should be provided with the required information through schools as well as broadcasting and social media. Implementation of the counseling visits can create  psychological and social support for these traumatized group and their families.  }, Keywords = {Qualitative research, Women, HIV/AIDS, Marital relationships}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {41-54}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2282 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2792-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2792-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {papoush, Abbas ali and Afarinesh, Akbar and Aseemozneb, Abolghasem}, title = {Conceptualizing the Nutrition Index Derived from the Pyramid of Creating and Maintaining the Health of the Islamic Baroque}, abstract ={Considering the advancement of science and knowledge, we are faced with sedentary life style, which has caused strange changes in human's life and affected their inefficiency. Some of the effective recent factors on human health include food contamination and the wrong culture of food consumption, which causes people to develop diseases that are medically unknown. In this regard, our individuals are at a great health risk because no formal measure has ever been taken to deal with these destructive issues. Therefore, this study was carried out to re-conceptualize the nutrition index of the food pyramid to create and maintain health with an Islamic approach in order to treat the food-borne diseases.This qualitative and library-based research was conducted using the content analysis method to extract and conceptualize the related verses, declarations, traditions, and narratives.  Despite the careful and delicate attention of Islam to nutrition and food, many factors have been neglected by Muslims including: temperament, age, gender, season, climate, weather, food diversity, food proportion, food balance, healthy eating, amount of eating, meal distance, place of eating, eating time, eating solvent, tasty, and good foods, prohibited meals, prohibited foods, reasons for prohibition of lunch, and reasons for prohibition of eating fruits after meals. Furthermore, we are faced with new types of incurable diseases that decrease the quality of life and life expectancy. Unfortunately, new scientific findings have not addressed the issue of nutrition appropriately. Based on the results, in order to solve the current problems in nutrition and foods, we need to  raise the people's  awareness and create a culture of deep attention to Quranic and Islamic recommendations regarding nutrition.  }, Keywords = {Conceptualization, Nutrition Index, Health creation and maintenance pyramid, Islamic Approach}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {55-69}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2283 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2896-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2896-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {dehghan, Ashraf sadat and chabokinejad, zahra and Asimozneb, Abolghasem}, title = {Effectiveness of Optimism Group Training through an Islamic Approach on Marital Commitment of Married Female Nurses Working in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital}, abstract ={Introduction: Marital commitment is the most important factor affecting the family stability. Nurses are mostly exposed to psychological stress and marital problems. Therefore, it is important to conduct interventions in order to prevent exacerbation of these problems and to improve the mental health and quality of marital life in nurses. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an optimism group training intervention through an Islamic approach on the marital commitment of female nurses working in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Iran.  Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test and case-control design. The statistical population included 30 married female nurses working in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Iran in 2018. The participants were selected using available sampling method. Later, they were randomly assigned into the intervention (15 participants) and control (15 participants) groups. The research tool included the Adams and Jones 's Marriage Commitment Questionnaire (1997). Both groups took a pre-test. Next, the intervention group underwent the optimism group training using an Islamic approach. The training intervention was conducted in eight sessions of 90 minutes. After training, both groups were subjected to the post-test. The results were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results: The average age of 30 participants was 38.13 years. A significant difference was found between the two groups regarding their marital commitment before the intervention (P <0.05 and F = 104.62). A significant difference was found between the two groups regarding their mean scores of the personal commitment, ethical commitment, and structural commitment in the post-test stage after eliminating the pre-test effect (p <0.05). The effect size of education was equal to 59.03, 0.52, and 0.617 for the personal commitment, ethical commitment, and structural commitment, respectively. Conclusion: Optimism group training through an Islamic approach was effective on the increase of marital commitment and its subscales (personal commitment, ethical commitment, and structural commitment) among the nurses. Considering the presence of counseling centers in most hospitals, it is recommended to implement this training for nurses in the form of syndicated programs.  }, Keywords = {Optimism training, Marital commitment, Nurses, Stress}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {71-86}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2285 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2829-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2829-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mokhtariardakan, Fatemeh and Yazdanpanah, Abbas and Ghavam, Abbas}, title = {Assessment of the Relationship between Hospital’s Capabilities and Medical Tourism Development in Yazd City in 2018}, abstract ={Introduction: Medical tourism, as a growing industry, has provided opportunities for gaining competitive advantages for health care organizations in Yazd province. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between hospital capabilities and medical tourism development in Yazd city in 2018. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 nurses and doctors in Yazd hospitals in 2018. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable 25-item questionnaire consisting of the demographic and hospital capabilities questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS by running Pearson correlation test, linear regression, independent t-test, and ANOVA. : The results showed that the highest and lowest mean and standard deviations were related to the cost of services (3.88 ± 0.98) and equipment (3.50±0.63), respectively. Moreover, according to the multiple linear regression, equipment had the highest positive and significant impact on the development of medical tourism (β = 0.498). Conclusion: Yazd province is considered as a medical tourist attraction pole in south of Iran; therefore, special conditions should be provided for the development of medical tourism in this province. As a result, it is necessary to improve the quality of medical services at the provincial hospitals by taking measures such as providing welfare facilities for patients and their entourage, training the hospitals' personnel, establishing a brand for the province in the field of treatment.}, Keywords = {Medical Tourism, Hospital Capabilities, Yazd}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {87-98}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2289 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2749-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2749-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mazloomymahmoodabad, Seyed Saeed and Alaee, Mohammad Reza and Zolghadr, Razyeh and Hajizadeh, Aghdas and Nik, Tayebeh and eslami, hadi and Nik, Fatemeh}, title = {Surveing the Quality of life in Employees health centers of Yazd Province in 2011}, abstract ={Introduction: Quality of life is a subjective and multidimensional concept that in recent years has been noticeable by researcher due to multilateral widespread of technology and industrialization process. Quality of life, was  is individuals understanding of their status in the context of physical, mental and social impacts and to indicate the status of a resident in a country or region. The purpose of this study was determination the quality of life in employees health centers of Yazd province about healthy life styles in 2011. Methods : This research was a cross - sectional study in which 501 staff employed  in 12 central areas of health centers of Yazd  as census method were enrolled . Data collection tool was WHO Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) including 26 questions,). After  data collection , it was analyzed  by using SPSS software as well as statistical t-test and ANOVA. Results: The results shown that the employees health centers of Yazd province were acquired 67.9% of the quality of life score. The way in which the dimensions of physical, psychological, social relationships and environment were obtained 72.9, 65.5, 70.2 and 63.15 ​​percent from the maximum score; Respectively. The quality of life score based on age, gender, type of employment, work experience and climate conditions were significant (p≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Therefore it was suggested to improve the quality of life of employees health centers, officials with proper planning includes considering educational , cultural, recreational and sport programs ,, providing healthy nutrition, installing motivation and responsibility in them as well as paying  proper salary and benefits, take effective steps in this way.  }, Keywords = {Quality of life, Employees, Health center}, volume = {18}, Number = {5}, pages = {99-110}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i5.2290 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-749-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mazloomimahmoodabad, Seyed said and Rostampoor, Mahdi and Nemayande, Seyede mahdieh and Ganeian, Mohammad tagi}, title = {The Relationship between Satisfaction with Social Ecological Factors and Quality of Life in Malekan City in 2018}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, quality of life and its influential factors are among the most important challenges of urban life. Knowing the factors affecting the quality of life and the effort to promote these indices is necessary. In this research, social ecological components have been attempted to address the quality of life of people in Malekan City, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using two questionnaires: the 26-item Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Social Ecological Components Questionnaire developed by the researcher. The multistage sampling method was conducted. In the first stage, the clusters were counted and in the next stage, stratified sampling was performed. Questionnaires were completed in three months. After completing the questionnaires, data were entered into SPSS and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Results: The results showed that age and gender had no relationship with access to social ecological components. However, they were significantly correlated with occupation and education variables (p = 0.0001). Regression analysis revealed that quality of life had a significant relationship between satisfaction with social components and access to these components (P = 0.0001). In other words, more access to social ecological components improved the individuals' quality of life. Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that higher levels of access to social ecological components enhanced the people's quality of life. The ability to improve socioeconomic components improved the individuals' quality of life.  }, Keywords = {Quality of Life, Social Ecological Components}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2594}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2776-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2776-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {mohammadiyan, Mahdi and Fatemi, Farin and Sadeghi, Motahareh and Khazaei, Mahdi}, title = {Ergonomic Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders\' Risk Factors in Construction Workers Using Cornell Questionnaire and WERA Method}, abstract ={Introduction: With regard to high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the construction industry workers, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their relevant risk factors in workers of a construction factory. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. In this regard, 150 workers were selected from a construction factory located in Tehran City, Iran. The census sampling method was applied in the area under study. The data gathering tool were Cornell questionnaire and WERA ergonomic risk assessment method. The questionnaires were completed while the workers' postures were assessed in their work stations. Data were analyzed applying suitable descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS software version 22. Results: The analysis of questionnaires showed that the workers' lower back had the highest average score of pain. The wrist, knee, and shoulder had the highest pain average scores, respectively. The result of ergonomic assessment by WERA method indicated that the lower back had the highest risk score. Similarly, WERA assessment score was significantly related to the type of job (p-value < 0.001). Among the understudy occupations, masonry, concrete testing, and welding had the highest risk scores, respectively. Conclusion: The most ergonomic risk factors in activities of the extensive occupational groups are associated with multiple occupational tasks that endanger workers for serious risk factors in the lumbar and knee areas. Therefore, implementation of ergonomic interventions is necessary for improving the working conditions of construction occupations.  }, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal disorders, Construction workers, Cornell questionnaire, WERA}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {12-21}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2595 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2898-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2898-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Nodooshan, Tahereh and Pirzadeh, Asieh and Nasirian, Maryam}, title = {The Relationship between Maternal Health Literacy and Pregnancy Status in New Mothers who Referred to Health Centers of Yazd}, abstract ={Introduction: Health literacy includes special knowledge and social skills in pregnant women to diagnose prenatal risk factors, healthy lifestyle, and proper nutrition during pregnancy. Health literacy affects the outcome of pregnancy by improving the quality of prenatal health care. The aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy in women referring to health centers in Yazd City of Iran in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 new mothers who referred to health centers of Yazd City selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected by Maternal Health Literacy. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed by SPSS21 software using T-test and ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the mean score of health literacy was 54.67±9.85. The results also indicated that maternal health literacy had a significant relationship with educational level, knowledge of pre-pregnancy weight, and history of disease during pregnancy. Discussion: The health literacy of new mothers was fairly favorable in this study. Health policymakers should simplify the required training for pregnant and lactating women to minimize the various factors that affect their health literacy.  }, Keywords = {Health literacy, Pregnancy, prenatal care}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {22-33}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2596}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2807-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2807-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Ahmad and Taghavisoghondikolae, Fatemeh and Yazdanicharati, Jamshi}, title = {Evaluation of Noise Pollution in Sari’s Educational Hospitals in 2015-16}, abstract ={Introduction: Noise is one of the most important pollutants in worksites. Hospitals are imposed to noise pollution.  Considering lack of research in Sari educational hospitals and applicability of noise control by engineering controls and education, we proposed this research to evaluate the sound pressure level (SPL) in three educational hospitals of Sari, Iran. Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, the SPL of three hospitals was evaluated using sound level meter (model; CACELLA CELL-490, made in England). The evaluation was performed in 1.5 meter height, in three shifts, and in three days of the week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and SPSS software version 24.  For assessing the rate of effective factors, the GEE (Generalized estimating Equation) methods were used. Results: According to the results, the mean SPL was 63.30 ± 7.33 dB and a significant difference was observed between the mean SPL and the standard (35 dB) (p <0.001). Moreover, the highest mean of sound in hospitals was observed in Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital. Considering the week days, Saturday and among shifts, the night shift had the highest mean SPL. Conclusion: The findings showed that SPL was higher than the Iranian National Construction Regulations and World Health Organization (WHO) standards in all evaluated places. So, the noise control programs should be considered seriously.  }, Keywords = {Noise pollution, Hospital, Sari}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {34-44}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2597 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2825-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2825-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Salarian, Faranak and Homayoni, Alireza and Sadegi, Jamal}, title = {Structural Modeling of Alexithymia Relationships and Bullying Rate of Students with Mediation of Their compatibility}, abstract ={Introduction: Bullying is a kind of low-level violence that has recently attracted the attention of researchers and psychologists in the field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the modeling of structural relationships between Alexithymia and bullying with the role of mediator of students' adaptationin             students. M ethods: Correlational research based on structural equation modeling technique, in particular regression equations (combining path analysis and factor analysis Second level). The statistical population consisted of all female students of the Humanities Department of Payame Noor University of Sari in the academic year of 2018-19. In this research, 401 students were selected as a sample by multistage cluster random sampling. Data gathering tools were Patchin and Hendowjah's Bullying Questionnaire (2011), Emergency Neural Network (1994), Baker and Siriac compatibility (1984). Resulth: The findings showed that the research model was confirmed and in general, 36 percent of students' bullying could be explained by student Alexithymia and student adaptation. Also, Alexithymia and student adaptation variables have a direct direct effect on students 'bullying. Emotional neural pathology has an indirect effect on students' bullying, with regard to student interpersonal mediation. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasized the importance of Alexithymia with regard to the quality of student compatibility., which can provide practical implications for reducing the level of bullying to counselors and psychologists, and considering the findings of the study can be used to reduce the incidence rate. Bullying among students has led to increased levels of academic compatibility as well as identification and correction of students' Alexithymia.    }, Keywords = {bullying, Alexithymia, student compatibility}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {45-58}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2598}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2920-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2920-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Donyayi, Nasrin and Mohammadizade, Naser}, title = {The Relationship between Nurses Knowledge Management and Organizational Culture in Teaching Hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, use of knowledge management components can be changed by altering the nurses' organizational culture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of knowledge management with organizational culture of nurses working in teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted over all nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2016.  The population size was estimated as 85. The data collection tools included two questionnaires. Organizational culture questionnaire of Quinn model and knowledge management questionnaire of Lawson model. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: The analysis showed that the components of knowledge management was associated with all aspects of organizational culture. The correlation between knowledge management and organizational culture was 0.4-0.7. the significant level was set at p≤ 0.005. Conclusion: The nurses' knowledge management was significantly correlated with organizational culture and all its components. By programming in dimensions of organizational culture, nurses' interactions within the organization can be improved so that knowledge management can be institutionalized as a superior advantage in the educational centers.  }, Keywords = {Knowledge management, Organizational culture, Nurses, Hospital}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {59-69}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2599 }, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2839-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2839-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shameli, Leila and Davodi, Maryam}, title = {Disordered Eating Patterns and Sexual Self-Esteem in Married Women: The Mediating Role of Body Image Concern}, abstract ={Introduction: The contemporary psychology is looking for numerous mediators and risk factors that may exacerbate the marital relationship with regard to the consequences of disordered eating patterns in general and sexual satisfaction in particular. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body image concern in the relationship between disordered eating patterns and sexual self-esteem in married women.   Methods: The participants of this study were 213 married women who referred to the nutrition department of Kazerun City in 2019 and were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, Eating Attitudes Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979), Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton et al., 2005), and Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory for Women (Zeanah, Schwarz, 1996) were used.   Results: The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the three subscales of disordered eating patterns were directly associated with sexual self-esteem. Of the above-mentioned patterns, only the "overeating and food preoccupation" pattern affected sexual self-esteem indirectly by mediating of body image concern (β= -0.14, P< 0.01). Therefore, it can be argued that overeating and food preoccupation reduced the sexual self-esteem in married women by increasing the body image concern.     Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicated the importance of simultaneous attention to disordered diets and body image concern for predicting sexual self-esteem in married women.    }, Keywords = {Disordered Eating Patterns, Sexual Self-Esteem, Body Image Concern, Women}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {70-89}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2600}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2971-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2971-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Damani, Nazanin and Babai, Farzam and Dana, Toraj}, title = {Determining and Rating Environmental Aspects caused by the Production Process of Oxygenating Machine, Infectious Wastes Disinfection Device, and an Autoclave System with an Emphasis on Fuzzy AHP}, abstract ={Introduction: The medical device industry plays a special role in promoting the health and safety of the community. Its proper and optimal management can also significantly affect the national development of any country in terms of economics, health, medical education, and research. The present study attempted to evaluate the impact of environmental aspects of the medical device manufacturing unit on the environmental quality of the project by examining the impact of activities, production process, equipment, services, and the coefficient of action.   Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted with a practical purpose. To identify the environmental aspects in the process of producing oxygenators, infectious waste disinfection device, and autoclave system, the EFMEA method, severity of the environmental consequence, probability of its occurrence, and probability of its discovery were applied using the Fuzzy AHP method.   Results: The results showed that the RPN was at its highest value of 160 before the control measures. This was due to the excessive energy consumption and air pollutant emission, which reached 40 after taking the control measures. In the process of manufacturing the above-mentioned apparatus, it was found that the welding activity in the production process of normal weight oxygenator was 0.223. The staining activity in the production process of wastes disinfection device with a normal weight of 0.216 and  thewelding activity in the autoclave production process with a normal weight of 0.187 had the highest environmental priority.   Conclusion: According to the results, environmental aspects differ in various devices and we cannot generalize the results by periodization of one device.   the environmental consequences, the probability of occurrence and the probability of its discovery by the process of analytical fluidization process (FAHP) has been used. findings: The process of producing metal scrap, energy consumption, noise generation, pollutant increase in soil, climate, and the result of pollution, the RPN number before the control measures was at the highest value of 160, due to excess energy consumption and The release of airborne pollutants was 40, after control measures. In order to rank the manufacturing process of these machines, it was determined that the welding activity in the production process of an oxygenating machine with a normal weight of 231/0, the staining activity in the process of producing a freezer device with a normal weight of 216/0 and welding activity in the autoclave production process with a normal weight of 187/0 Have the highest environmental priority. Conclusion: According to the results, the environmental aspects differ in different devices, and one can not prioritize one of these devices to generalize the results for another.}, Keywords = {Medical Equipment, Environmental Aspects and Consequences, Fuzzy AHP, EFMEA}, volume = {18}, Number = {6}, pages = {90-105}, publisher = {Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd}, doi = {10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2601}, url = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2790-en.html}, eprint = {http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2790-en.pdf}, journal = {Tolooebehdasht}, issn = {1728-5127}, eissn = {2538-1598}, year = {2020} }