per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 1 11 article Mahmood Vakili 1 Fatemeh Farzanrh fatemehfarzanehepi@gmail.com 2 Mahdieh Momayyez 3 Introduction: The mental health of nurses, as providers of care, has a significant impact on the quality of care. Happiness has a close relationship with many health components. Considering the importance of mental health in nurses, this study was conducted to investigate happiness among nurses in educational hospitals of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 210 nurses using stratified sampling method (Proportionate to the number of nurses in each hospital). Data were collected using a 2-part questionnaire including background information and Oxford Happiness Standard Questionnaire with 29 questions and a score range of 0-87. Data analysis was performed by SPSS/16 using Chi-square test and ANOVA. Results: The mean age of nurses was 31.8 ± 6.09 years. In terms of happiness levels, the majority of nurses (57.6%) had moderate levels of happiness and the average score of happiness was 37.54 ± 11.88. A significant relationship was found between happiness with physical activity (P= 0.022), employment status (P=0.025), ward (P = 0.038), work shift at night (P=0.111), satisfaction of health (P <0.0001), love of the job (P = 0.001), and satisfaction of workplace conditions (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The findings showed that the level of happiness was moderate in the majority of nurses. Therefore, the researchers recommend planning and implementing appropriate interventions to increase the happiness of nurses and improve the quality of nursing care.     http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2864-en.pdf Happiness Nurses Mental health Hospital per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 12 31 article Reza Karami Nejad rkarami1352@gmail.com 1 Gholamali Afrooz 2 Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta 3 Bagher Ghobari Bonab 4 Saeed Hasanzadeh 5 Tehran university Tehran university Tehran university Tehran university Tehran university Introduction: The birth of a child with special needs can cause a big challenge for the family and create a lot of pressure on the family. The strategies used to report this issue to parents can play an important role in accepting the problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of parenting life since parents become aware of the issue and their reactions. Methods: The research instrument was a semi-structured interview. The average time of interviews was 60 minutes and the data were collected from a sample of 17 mothers and 9 fathers aged 39 to 58 years in Yazd. The qualitative data were coded in three stages (open, axial, and selective coding) and analyzed  using software MAXQDA. Results: The open codes consisted of 19 concepts. The axial codes included four categories of how parents become aware of the disease, parental reaction to Down syndrome, attribution style, and coping resources. In general, the type of parental reactions ranged from full rejection to full acceptance of a child with specific requirements for Down syndrome. Conclusion: Given the parental experiences since diagnosis of Down syndrome, all parents reported experiencing feelings of sadness and despair. This is a common human experience reported similarly in various studies in different cultures and geographic regions.     http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2938-en.pdf Lived experience Down syndrome early diagnosis coping resources per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 32 42 article Azra Mohammadpanah Ardakan azramohammadpanah@ardakan.ac.ir 1 Sahar Shams Esfandabad 2 Ardakan University Azad University of Yazd Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal-structural relationship of cognitive bias and resiliency with depression in infertile people considering the mediating role of general anxiety. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted based on the application of findings.  In order to conduct research among all infertile women who referred to infertility clinics in Yazd, 200 individuals were selected through a convenient sampling method. To collect data, focused cognitive bias questionnaires, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (Short Form), and Spitzer et al. Inclusive Scale Anxiety Scale were used.  Structural Equation Modeling method was also applied to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that high cognitive bias and low resilience were effective in incidence of depression and anxiety among infertile people. In other words, higher cognitive bias and lower resilience increased depression and general anxiety in infertile people.  Moreover, the conceptual model designed in the research was fitted using structural equation method. Conclusion: Findings showed that cognitive bias in infertile people predicts resilience, which is an effective factor in changing the rate of general anxiety and depression.  In addition, general anxiety plays an important role in predicting depression.   http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2899-en.pdf Depression Anxiety Cognitive bias Resilience Infertility per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 43 53 article Seyed Saeed Mazloomymahmoodabad MAHSA.KHODAYARIAN6@YAHOO.COM 1 Robabe Abedini 2 SeyedehMahdieh Nayeb zadeh 3 Maryam Nasimi 4 Mahsa Goddess 5 zahra nazari 6 Yazd University of Medical Sciences Razi Hospital Yazd University of Medical Sciences Razi Hospital Yazd University of Medical Sciences Yazd University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Due to the high global incidence of skin cancer, its adverse effects on health, and imposition of exorbitant treatment costs on people, the ecological factors associated with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were examined in patients who referred to the Tumor Clinic of Razi Skin Hospital, Tehran in 2017. Methods: This case-control study was conducted by administration of a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data from 300 case and 300 control participants selected by convenience sampling method. Inclusion criteria included diagnosis of the NMSC disease by a physician through biopsy and pathology tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests by SPSS software. Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between NMSC and type of job, socioeconomic status, alcohol and tobacco use, preventive behavioral habits, well water consumption, use of virtual networks, burns, family history, consumption of fatty foods, age / gender, and weight variables. Moreover, NMSC had no statistically significant relationship with the variables of height, body mass index, and urban or rural residence. Conclusion: Screening programs should be applied for early detection of this disease in its early stages among older men, especially those who have been exposed to a lot of sunlight due to their occupation.       http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2860-en.pdf Skin cancer Non-melanoma Ecological factors per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 54 61 article Ahmad reza Motealehi ardakani dr.ar.motealehi@gmail.com 1 Mohammad hassan Najafi 2 Samaneh Maleksabet 3 Mahdieh Najafi 4 Shahid sadooghy univercity Shahid sadooghy univercity Shahid sadooghy univercity yazd univercity Introduction: Exercise s known as austerity (riazat) in Iranian medicine, which is different to daily activities even in severely physical occupations. However, some specific occupations have been identified as austerity. In Iranian medicine, health maintenance includes six categories of: 1- Air, 2- Water and food, 3- Movement and immobility, 4-Psychological issues, 5-Sleep and wake, 6- Discharge and retention. Abu Ali Sina wrote in his book entitled ' Qanon':  "austerity(exercise) is the most important factor in maintaining the health". The concept of austerity is equivalent to exercising according to the above mentioned recommendations. Methods: The texts of Iranian medicine such as Qanon, summary of experiences (Kholaseh-al-tajarob), Khwarazmshahi reserve (Zakhireh Khwarazmshahi), A group of writers, Six Ancient Medical Papers, and other sources were investigated. As a result, the role of activity and exercise recommendations were extracted from the perspective of Iranian medicine. Results: Iranian medicine books in the field of exercises  showed that exercise was recommended for maintaining the health. Special exercises have been also recommended to improve some diseases. In this study, we found that exercise in Iranian medicine has two parts of general exercise and special sports. General exercises refer to non-specialized activities and special sports includes activities such as weightlifting, shooting, and polo. Conclusion: The Iranian medicine  recommends the general exercise to maintain  general health and the special sports for treating some diseases. The Iranian medicine has also explained how to exercise, types of exercise, and time of exercise   http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3050-en.pdf Exercise Activity Sweating General Austerity Special Austerity per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 62 72 article Seyed mohammad Abrisham 1 Mohammad Shafiee 2 Mohsen Abedini saniji mohsenabediny@gmail.com 3 Introduction: Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is the first cause of acquired hearing loss. Dentists and dental prosthodontics technicians are exposed to different sounds produced by a variety of devices in their occupations. In this study, we studied the effect of dental prosthesis sounds on the auditory power of the respective staff. Methods: This case-control study was carried out among all technicians of dental prosthesis laboratories in Yazd in 2018 selected by census sampling method. A total of 23 technicians who were willing to cooperate and met the inclusion criteria were included in the experimental group. Furthermore,  23 people who referred to the audiology clinic, were matched with the experimental group in terms of age and gender, and were not working in noisy environment, and had no congenital or acquired deafness were examined as the control group.  Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 using statistical tests. Results: The mean hearing threshold of the right ear at frequencies of 3000 and 4000 Hz and the mean hearing threshold of the left ear at frequencies of 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz was significantly higher in the experimental than the control group. The mean hearing threshold of the right ear at the frequency of 4000 Hz and the hearing threshold of the left ear at frequencies of 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz in participants with job history>4 years was significantly higher. Furthermore, the mean hearing threshold of the right ear in the frequency of 4000 Hz and the hearing threshold of the left ear at frequencies of 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz years was significantly higher in people with job history >30 years. Conclusion: According to findings, the staffs working in dental prosthodontics laboratories suffer from NIHL at frequencies of 3000 to 8000 Hz. The hearing loss in the left ear was more severe  in  people with job history of >30 years and in people with job history of > 4 years.Therefore, the use of hearing impaired and hearing protectors is recommended in these people.   http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-2946-en.pdf Audiometry Laboratory Dental prosthodontic Hearing status per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 73 86 article 1 kazem Barzegar bafrooei k.barzegar@yazd.ac.ir 2 3 Yazd university Introduction: In today's world, studying the factors affecting academic achievement is one of the major concerns in the evaluation of education and all the efforts of this system are in fact fulfilled. Unless scientific and creative people are trained, scientific progress cannot be achieved. Academic achievement while contributing to the development and development of the country, at the highest levels leads to finding a suitable job and position and thus a sufficient income. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all 9th   grade boys in the academic year 1398-1989. 30 subjects (15 experimental and 15 control) were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using two questionnaires: Zajakova et al. (2005) 27-item questionnaire and Flannner's social competence questionnaire 47 (1990). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The findings of this study showed that 8 sessions of self-education, cognitive compassion significantly increased students' self-efficacy beliefs and social competence in post-test. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that self-cognitive compassion education can increase students 'academic self-efficacy and social competence and thus have a positive effect on students' academic achievement. Therefore, it is recommended to use interventional programs using the available capacities in schools.Introduction: In today's world, studying the factors affecting academic achievement is one of the major concerns in evaluating education and all the efforts of this system are targeted at fulfilling this goal. Scientific progress can be achieved by training scientific and creative people. Academic achievement contributes to the development of the country,  leads to finding a suitable job and position at the highest levels, and results in a sufficient income.  Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive self-compassion education, academic self-efficacy, and social adequacy in the ninth grade male students of Yazd. Methods: This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test/post-test design using a control group. The statistical population included all ninth grade male students in Yazd in 2018-2019. Data collection tools included  the 27-item questionnaire of Zajakova et al. (2005), the 47-item questionnaire of Flanner (1990), and the Gilbert training package (2009). The stepwise cluster random sampling method was applied; the second educational district was randomly selected form all educational districts of Yazd. Later, a high school was selected randomly and then students of a grade (the ninth grade) were selected as the study sample. The students were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to cognitive self-compassion training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: Based on the findings of this study, 8 sessions of cognitive self-compassion training increased the level of students' self-efficacy and social adequacy significantly in the post-test phase (p <0.5). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the cognitive self-compassion education can increase the students’ academic self-efficacy and social adequacy, which have a positive effect on their academic achievement. Therefore, application of the interventional programs in schools is recommended in this regard.     http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3000-en.pdf Cognitive self-compassion education Beliefs of academic self-efficacy Students Social per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2020-08 19 3 87 101 article Maryam Gholami 1 Zahra Rajaee 2 Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian 3 Nasrin Homayonibezi n.homayoni73@gmail.com 4 Elham Madreseh 5 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Introduction: Lack of knowledge and proper implementation of health guidelines by hairdressers can lead to the transmission of some infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the hairdressers’ level of awareness, attitude, and performance regarding the principles of infection control in women's hairdressers in Abarkouh. Methods: The study included all female hairdressers (40 hairdresser) in Abarkouh township of Yazd, Iran. To collect the data, a questionnaire containing the participants’ demographic information as well as awareness (scores range from 0 to 18), attitude (scores range from 13 to 65), and performance (scores range from 14 to 70) information was administered. A checklist was also used to evaluate the applied disinfectants. Results: The total mean scores related to the levels of awareness, attitude, and performance of hairdressers were estimated as 11.28 ±1.99, 51.98 ±4.67, and 62.13 ±5.69, respectively. Awareness scores had a significant relationship with education level (P= 0.021) and income level (P= 0.038). The performance scores had a significant association with income levels (P= 0.048). The daily disinfection frequencies were estimated daily, weekly, twice a week, and three times a week as 20%, 30%, 7.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. Based on the findings, 42.5% of hairdressers used Oven and autoclaves for disinfection. The most common disinfectants used for the hairdresser's environment, equipment, as well as antiseptic for skins and hands were bleach, alcohol, and washing liquid, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the moderate levels of awareness and attitude of hairdressers, the authorities are required to plan to hold more effective training courses and increase the awareness of barbers using different educational methods to make health programs more effective.     http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3072-en.pdf Hairdresser's Barbers Disinfection Infection Control Awareness Attitude Performance Abarkouh