per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 1 10 article MH Ehrampoush 1 MH Salmani 2 S Zareei ab.salmanzarei@gmail.com 3 A Ebrahimi 4 M Askarishahi 5 M Safdari 6 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Cadmium is a heavy metal with high toxicity and is best known as a carcinogen element. For protecting human health and environment it is necessary to remove excess Cadmium from industrial wastewater before discharging it to surface and ground water. In this study the efficiency of Zinc Oxides Nanoparticles in Cadmium removal from aqueous solution was evaluated. Methods: This is a laboratory experimental study. Adsorption tests were performed in a batch reactor in a laboratory scale using zinc oxide nanoparticles and the effect of initial cadmium concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time on the removal efficiency was studied. Theresidual cadmium concentration in the solutionwas determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy Varian AA20 made in Australia. Finally for designing graphs, we used Excel software. Results: The results indicated that the adsorption process is affected by different parameters such as initial pollutant concentrations, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time and Cadmiumremoval efficiency increases with increasing adsorbent dose and reaction time and decreases with increasing initial concentration of Cadmium. Therefore, it is observed that by raising the initial Cadmium concentration, the adsorption rate increases. The maximum efficiency of adsorptionin pH=7amounted to 89.6%. Conclusion: It is concluded that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have proper efficiency in removal of Cadmium from aqueous solutions and can be used in the treatment of wastewater that contains ion Cadmium. However, its efficiency is deeply dependent on ion strength and the interaction of other metals in wastewater. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1113-en.pdf Cadmium Heavy metals Adsorption Nanoparticles per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 11 20 article P Sepehr parvin_sepehr@yahoo.com 1 I Mohammad Fam 2 D Ketabi 3 N sepehr 4 Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Iran's social security has been estimated by the number of work accidents in as much as 9856 cases in the first 6 months of 2009, and the majority of these accidents have happened in a safety management system with low indicators of safety culture. Methods: This descriptive – analytic study (Before & After) was carried out among 120 workers of Hamadan pipe-rolling factory. For evaluation of engineering and management interventions on promoting safety culture indicators, the Persian version of standard HSE (Health and Safety Executive) questionnaire was used. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean of safety-culture final indicator among workers under study which was 204±43.42 (negative safety culture) before intervention increased to 318±31.11 (positive safety culture) after engineering and management interventions. Also the results showed that after these interventions, all of ten-fold safety culture indicators increased as well. Conclusion:The results of various studies indicated that the initial priority to create a positive safety culture is education. For this reason, the department of education with specified tasks was established in Hamadan pipe-rolling factory. Also the results of this study demonstrated that with increase of age and work background, the safety culture final indicator also increased thus having full compliance with the results of Oi-ling Siu, Wendy Adie and Si-Hao Lin's studies. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1112-en.pdf Safety Culture Engineering and Management Interventions HSE Questionnaire per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 21 30 article M Rezaei Rezaei_m@alumnus.tums.ac.ir 1 M Parviz 2 MR Javanmard 3 Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Islamic Saveh Azad University University of Applied Science Arak Introduction: Ice-cream, being full of nutrients and enjoying favorable conditions may cause poisoning and intestinal diseases for the consumers in case of not considering rules of hygiene in the stages of production, maintenance and delivery.It is in fact considered as one of the dairy products providing a suitable environment for the development of different kinds of microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate bacterial contamination found in traditional (unpasteurized) and pasteurized ice-cream in Arak, Markazi province. Methods: Regarding sampling, some ice-cream delivery centers were selected randomly across Arak. On the whole,70 samples of unpasteurized ice-creams (traditional) and 40 samples of pasteurized ice-creams weighing 50-100 grams were provided from July to December 2011 during 6 months from confectioneries and ice-cream sellers in different parts of the city. Then the address of the region was written down, and the samples were transmitted to the microbiology laboratory sterilized and frozen. Results: The results showed that 57.14% of the unpasteurized samples were not consumable and the bacteria inside them were as following in terms of frequency: staphylococcus aureus50%,klebsiella54.28%,Escherichia coli 42.85%. Regarding pasteurized ice-creams, 30% of the samples were not consumable and the bacteria inside them were as following in terms of frequency: Escherichia coli 25%, staphylococcus aureus10%,and klebsiella20%.It is important to note that no salmonella was detected in this study. Conclusion:The results show unfavorable situation of traditional and pasteurized ice-creams concerning bacterial contamination. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1115-en.pdf Ice-cream Traditional Pasteurized Microbial contamination Food safety. per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 31 41 article z Nikmanesh nikmanesh@ped.usb.ac.ir 1 M Khosravi 2 Z Hasanzade 3 University of Sistan & Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran University of Medical Science of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran Introduction: In the medical world, sense of humor as a means for coping with problems and as a treatment source, has attracted serious attention. Physical disease such as cancer can have negative effects on the quality of life that is desirable functions in physiological and psychological dimensions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of dimensions of humor sense on dimensions of quality of life in cancer patients. Methods: This research was a descriptive and correlation study. The sample was consisted of 50 cancer patients that were selected by available sampling method in Zahedan. The tools were the Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) and the Sense of Humor Questionnaire (SHQ).The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression. Results: The results showed that sense of humor in stressful conditions has significant correlations with physiological quality of life (r= 0.278, p≤0.025) and psychological quality of life (r= 0.283, P≤0.023), The results of regression analyze also showed that sense of humor in social relations accompany with verbal humor predicted 24% of physiological healthy variance and 40% of psychological healthy. Conclusion: In refer to role of Sense of humor in quality of life in cancer patients, it is suggested that necessary interventions be applied by using humor for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1117-en.pdf Sense of Humor Quality of life Cance per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 42 53 article 1 soltanitahere@gmail.com 2 3 4 Introduction: Aging is a period in lifespan experienceswhereby people are threatened by the potentials such as increase in chronic diseases, loneliness and isolation, as well aslack of social support. Their individualautonomyis threatened in casesofmental and physicaldisabilities. Survey of problems of the elderly people is one of the health care priorities in Iran so as to manage and develop a care plan for this population .The aim of this study was to determine the activities of daily living and prevalence of chronic diseases of the elderly people in Yazd. Methods: Thisisacross-sectional study conductedon265elderly people over 60 years in Yazd in 2012. A clustersampling method wasapplied. The data were gathered by 2 questionnaires including questions on demographic characteristicsand independentinstrument of Daily Activities Living (made by Yagma'ee with 20 questions). Then statistical tests such as Kruskal–Wallis, andMann-Whitney were used to analyze the data.. Results: The mean grade scores of ADL and IADL were 36.03±5.99 and 24.25±8.22diseases (r=-0.332, p=0.001). The most prevalent diseases of the participants were arthralgia (74/8%), osteoporosis (53/8%), hypertension (49/4%), sleep problems (39/2%) and cardiovascular diseases (38/5%) respectively. Conclusions: A significant proportion of the elderly in our population were relatively dependent in terms of their activities of daily living.Bathing in this context is one of the most important dependencies. In addition, high prevalence of chronic diseases was arthritis and osteoporosis among others. They needed to be taken care of more andit seems that theeducationalinterventionprograms forthe elderlyand their families seems to be veryuseful. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1114-en.pdf Activities of daily living Chronic diseases Elderly Yazd per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 54 63 article S Zareei 1 MH Ehrampoush 2 SM Mazloomima mazloomi@sums.ac.ir 3 MT Ghaneian 4 B Hajimohammadi 5 A Dehghan 6 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality of sausage slicers in Shiraz retail food stores. Methods: A total of 60 slicer samples from retail food stores were collected according to ISO protocols. Then microbial condition of the samples was examined using selective media. Data were then analyzed with SPSS software using descriptive statistical indices and ANOVA test. Results: The total bacterial, total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureus counts exceeded the satisfactory limit in 23%, 4% and 6% of the samples respectively. Only 2 samples were found to be contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive. Microbial analysis showed an absence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The lowest total bacterial counts, total coliforms and Staphylococcus aureuswere detected in samples from North,WestandSouth of the city respectively. Conclusion:Our finding shows that bacterial contamination of some slicers is higher than the standards level. The results suggest that more effort is needed in the application of personal and environmental hygiene principles in food supplies. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1116-en.pdf Shiraz Sausage slicers Microbial per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 64 72 article S Ghaneh saeedghaneh@yahoo.com 1 A Barkhordari 2 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Many industries need to work all day long and present full-time services. Therefore, individuals and organizations are exposed to new issues like shift work. The necessity of attention to work environment and worker’s health and job stress provoked us to conduct this study to investigate the relationship between job stress and shift work. Methods: In a descriptive and survey study, we investigated job stress of 100 workers of an industry, selected randomly, using job stress and personal-occupational information questionnaires. To test the research hypotheses, we used correlation, t-test and multi-variables regression. Results: The results showed that job stress is higher in shift workers than non-shift workers. Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between the amount (α=0.01, F=8.99) and source (α=0.05, F=3.76) of stress and demographic variables as well as between the worker’s stress and their level of education. Moreover, this research indicated that it is possible to predict stress from demographic variables (α=0.05, F=0.35) and there is a positive significant correlation between the amount (r=0.78) and source (r=0.54) of stress and shift work. Conclusion: we can conclude that there is a significant relationship between job stress and shift work. So, such studies are suggested the results of which are used to achieve operational solutions and job design interventions related to type of work and ergonomics of work environment to improve worker’s health and job stress. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1118-en.pdf Job stress Shift work Dairy industries Yazd per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 73 85 article A ZandvanianNaeini 1 MA Morowatisharifabad 2 M Amrollahi amrollahi89@yahoo.com 3 Yazd University Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd University Introduction: The child's birth is apleasure for parents, although this process is associated with a lot of hardship. Hope for child health develops a sense of confidence in parents and they heartily accept their child but as soon as they become aware of their child's disability, all hope turns to despair and hence trouble starts. Stress, depression and anger are common emotions that parents then experience. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anger management training on the mental health of mothers of the disabled children in the city of Yazd. Methods: This is anexperimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The population of this study included all the mothers of the disabled children being covered in Yazd city from 2011 to 2012. Sample of this study consisted of 35 mothers randomlyassigned into two groups(18 to experimental and 17 to control group). Mental health questionnaire was used to collect data.The anger management training program based on cognitive-behavioral approach was implemented for the experimental group in seven sessions, 2 hours each. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical parameters (mean and SD) and independent t-test on the difference between the scores of pre-test - post-test. Results: Results showed that Anger management training with a statistically significant difference between pre-and post-test scores leads to mental health and subscale physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, as well as depression (with the exception of societal dysfunction). Also, anger management training reduced the physical symptoms and depression in young mothers compared to the aged. Conclusion: With regard to the effective use of anger management training program to increase mental health, thetrainingprogramshouldbe directedtoward reducingstress. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1119-en.pdf Anger management training Mental health of mothers Disabled children per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 86 97 article M Larijani 1 MT Ghaneian 2 Z , Arefmanesh : Arefmanesh_63@yahoo.com 3 Payame Noor University, Tehran Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran Payame Noor University, Rey, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Replacingfuel oil with natural gas in brick kilns is one of the effective ways to reduce air pollution as well as the cost of the furnaces maintenance. The aim of this study isto estimate reduction of air pollutants resulting from brick kilns functioning with natural gasin Yazdprovince. Methods: In this descriptive-survey research, we estimated consumption of the fuel oil in the brick kilns with considering the usage of fuel oil instead ofnatural gas at the studied time usingthe heating value of the fuel oil and natural gas consumption of46 gas-makingbrick kilnsin the Yazd province from 2008 to 2012.Then the produced air pollutants from the natural gasconsumption andproduced air pollutants by assuming consumption of the fuel oil instead of natural gasin the brick kilnsat this timewere compared and the rate and value of reduction in each one of pollutants weredetected. Finally, the value of budget savings and social costs of the environmental damage resulting from the usage of natural gas instead of fuel oil were calculated on the basis ofusing the price per liter of fuel oil and natural gas per cubic meter as well as the studies by the World Bank and the Environmental Protection Agency of Iran. Results: The results indicated that emission of air pollutants is reduced up to130485.71 ton in CO2 and 8695.63 ton in other pollutants by run-by-gas brick kilns in the studied area since 2008 – 2011 (end of September). In addition,the amount of budget saving is estimated as 187.578 billion Rials by replacing the gas fuel inthe brick kilns and 129.380 billion Rials in the social and environmental costs from emission of pollutantin the years studied. Conclusion: For positive economic, environmental and health-related effects resulting from this program, planning and financial support for running-by-gas of other brick kilnsseems to be urgent. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1120-en.pdf Brick-Making kilns Air pollution Natural gas Fuel oil Yazd province. per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 98 115 article H Rezaeipandari 1 N KeshavarzMohammadi n_keshavars@yahoo.com 2 A Ramezankhani 3 MA Morowatisharifabad 4 Z Rahaei 5 Shahid Beheshti University Shahid Beheshti University Shahid Beheshti University Shahid Sadoughi University Tarbiat Modares university Introduction: World Health Organization recommends fish consumption twice a week. The aim of this study was consumer analysis of fish consumption, its barriers and related factors using social marketing framework among women in Yazd city and identifying effective intervention measures for increasing fish consumption from the perspective of women in Yazd Methods: It is a qualitative study comprising four of the six steps of the social marketing framework including primarily planning, consumer analysis, 4 aspects of market analysis and channel analysis. After holding 3 FGDs with 36 housewives and 3 FGDs with 24 employed women from three organizations such as Education, Municipality, and Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences separately, their views, demands and preferences about fish consumption and its related factors, barriers and methods of its promotion were derived and categorized. Results: Housewives and employed women reported similar and sometimes different barriers for fish consumption. The barriers for non consumption were of the following: high price of fish, unpleasant taste of fish, having bone and goo, and dislike of fish by one of the family members. From the viewpoint of the employed women, being unfamiliar with cooking methods(promotion aspect), high price of fish, unpleasant taste of fish, having bone and goo, its favor, dislike of fish by one of the family members, and lack of time were reported as the most important barriers. Conclusion: People's views, demands and preferences about different issues and products such as health issues and healthy products are influenced by individual and environmental conditions including biologic condition and health level, cultural, social, political, economic and bio-environmental conditions which can be affected by time and by changing these conditions. Therefore, social marketing framework should emphasize on the need for a comprehensive and proper understanding of consumers of each product and categorize them by their differences in planning and implementing social marketing programs. Thus one can be certain that intervention programs reach more appropriate consumers and cause desired consumption behavior changes http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1121-en.pdf Consumers analysis fish consumption social marketing per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 116 125 article MH AnvariTafti hosein_anvari@ssu.ac.ir 1 M Ghafourzadeh 2 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Toxoplasmosis, caused by a protozoan called" Toxoplasma gondii", is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans and animals throughout the world. Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women, especially at the first trimester of pregnancy, may lead to miscarriage or birth complications in the nervous system and ocular complications. Conducting such studies can provide practical approaches for the treatment and prevention of these complications. Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. To determine the levels of specific antibodies against Toxoplasmosis gondii, 181 serum samples were collected from pregnant women who had referred to the health center clinics of Yazd for pregnancy examinations. Sera were tested for anti-Toxoplasmosis IgG antibody by ELISA method. Data were then analyzed using χ2 test, t-test and Fisher exact test. Results: This study showed that a total of 58 samples (32%) were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasmosis IgG antibodies. A significantrelationship was found between the titers of IgG and age (P <0.05). Also a significant relationship was observed between IgG antibody titers and educational level (P <0.05). There was, however, no significant relationship between the positive antibody titers and other variables. Conclusion:Most pregnant women do not have immunity against Toxoplasmosis in Yazd. These women are at the risk of acquired toxoplasmosis in their pregnancy period. Therefore Toxoplasma serological surveillance during pregnancy as well as provision of the necessary training to enhance prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis seems to be urgent. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1122-en.pdf Seroepidemiology Toxoplasmosis Pregnant women Yazd per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 126 135 article S Salajegheh 1 M Hormohammadi mhormohamady@yahoo.com 2 R Askari 3 Islamic Azad University, Kerman Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Improvement of healthcare management and quality and assurance of services for the public and healthcare system have been increasingly taken into consideration. The present study evaluates the relationship between coaching management style and quality of the services in teaching hospitals of Yazd in 1391 using a PLS path modeling approach. Methods: Data were gathered using adescriptive-correlative method. The subjects included clinical professionals and the patients in Yazd teaching hospitals(n=300 in each). Two questionnaires including "assessment of coaching management skills" and "quality of services" were used. Data analysis was carried out by Smart PLS and SPSS softwares. Results: According to PLS model, the structural relationship between coaching and quality of services was estimated as -0.194 showing aninverse relationship between coaching skills and quality of services. Afshar Hospital with the lowest average in coaching skills showed higher average of service quality compared to the other two hospitals. It follows that as the tendency towards coaching skills increases in a hospital, patients' perceptions of the service quality decreases. Conclusion: It seems that as yet the managers have not well applied coaching skills and team works in the hospitals. This can be caused by the hospital organizational culture, differences in the wards, excess expectations of the staff and other reasons. The findings of this study suggestsrunning of the hospitals by a Benevolent-Authoritative management style with a team work approach so that the staff and patients satisfaction is met. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1123-en.pdf Coaching management Services quality PLS modeling per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 136 146 article A AlaviRad 1 MA Ghafoori 2 N Ghorashi n.ghorashi@gmail.com 3 Islamic Azad University, Abarkouh Branch Tehran university of medical sciences Islamic Azad University,Yazd,Iran Introduction: Each culture’s intelligence signifies that “health” is wealth, because a nation's health has an important determinant role in national economics’ performance. However, health expenditure portion is mostly higher than gross domestic income in the moredeveloped countriesthan theless ones. For example, this portion for OECD countries is often more than7 percent and for Iran it is5.7 percent. Methods: This paper examines the relationship between health condition indexes and real GDP for Sanad-e-CheshmAndaz countries in 1995 to 2010. Therefore, ahealth - economic growth econometric model has been used. Thepanel unit root test, panel cointegration test and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS)procedure wereapplied to examine long-run relationship among the variables. Results:There is a long-run relationship between variables. There is a positive and significant relationship between life expectation and real GDP and also between health expenditures and real GDP.There is a negative but significant relationship between infant mortality rate and real GDP. All these results are based on the relevant theories. Conclusion: Results show that spending money on health and rewardingly achieving health and additional desirability can be effective on economic growth increase. Health condition in Iran has also positive effect on economic growth, but in comparison, Iran is among thecountries that gets lower results by spending more. This can be considered as motivation for Policy makers to pay more attention to health condition in Sanad-e-CheshmAndaz countries. However, there are some questions remaining about appropriating resources as well as efficiency. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1124-en.pdf Economic growth Healthcondition Panel Unit Root Cointegration Panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 147 159 article M Malakootian m.malakootian@yahoo.com 1 L RanandehKalankesh 2 M Loloi 3 Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Mercury is a toxic compound. Biological accumulation of mercury especially in aquatic organisms has brought about many health problems. Various methods have been used to remove heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Adsorption is one of the chemical and physical techniques. This method is useful due to high efficiency, easy usage and availability of its different types. This study was performed to evaluate removal efficiency of TiO2/SiO2 hybrid nanoparticle so as to remove mercury from industrial waste. Methods: This study is experimental and was conducted on synthetic and real samples of Binalood paint factory wastewater from October to February 2012. The chemical quality of raw wastewater was determined and synthetic solutions were prepared. Then the effect of pH (3, 5, 7 and 9), the amount of adsorbent (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g/L), contact times (30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) and different concentrations of Hg (20, 30, 50, 70 and 90 mg/L) on removal efficiency were studied and optimal conditions were determined for each parameter. The same experiments were performed on real wastewater samples. Absorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were investigated to better understand the absorption processes. SPSS software version 16 was applied and regression test as well as pearson coefficients were used for data analysis. Results: The maximum percent of mercury removal was observed at pH=5, absorbent amount of 0.5 g/L and retention time of 30 minutes. Removal efficiency of synthetic and real solutions were 99.86% and 95.56%, respectively.It was found that mercury concentration of 50 mg/L causes the maximum removal percentage (99.86%).The results indicated that mercury adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm with a correlation coefficient of r2 = .56 and the first type synthetic reaction of r2=0.63. Conclusion: Due to high percentage of mercury removal at optimal conditions by hybrid nanoparticles, this method can be regarded as one of the effective ways to remove mercury compared with other methods. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1125-en.pdf Heavy metal Mercury Absorption Removal Hybrid nanoparticle per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 160 170 article S Shokraei 1 AA Rouhani 2 M Nazari 3 SA Manafi ali_manafi2005@yahoo.com 4 Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Introduction: In many studies, nanoparticles was used to remediation of heavy metals from water, results of these study showed that these materials have high power in contaminant remediation from aqueous solutions, and bio-absorbents also have high power in water infiltration. The main purpose of this paper is investigation of effects of adding of iron oxides nanoparticles to chrome removal bio-filters. Methods: used method in this study was filtration, also studied variable was absorbent type. Indeed, effect of absorbent type on percent of heavy metals remediation was studied. In two first steps contaminated water with three concentrations (883.7, 1767.4, and 8837 ppm) was remediated with using of soil and sawdust absorbents. In two next steps, for comparison, some iron oxide nanoparticles with several herbaceous absorbents were adding to soil and sawdust absorbents and again absorption was performed. Results: results showed that best absorbent is soil absorbent and iron oxide nanoparticles, with maximum removal percent equal to 96.2%. Also best turnover was obtained from 8837 ppm of primary concentration of heavy metal. In other hand, in other experiments that used from iron oxide nanoparticles, adding of nanoparticles caused to increase in chrome absorption and conversion of Cr6+ to Cr3+. Conclusion: with use of the results of this study can be said that Combining of iron oxide nanoparticles with chrome removal filters can be convert Cr6+ to Cr3+, and process turnover will increased. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1126-en.pdf Iron oxide nanoparticles chrome heavy metals water per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 171 181 article AA Jafari 1 H Jafari jaabno@gmail.com 2 A Deghanbanadkoki 3 M Baghbanian 4 Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Candidiasisis the most common human opportunistic disease with the prevalence and resistance of etiologic agents being increased as a result of increasing the immunosuppressed diabetics and malignancies. Candida albicans known as the most common agent of disease is one of the human body’s normal floras. The aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-Candida properties of the aerial parts of Ferula assafoatida compared with Fluconazole in vitro. Methods: In the current experimental lab-trial study a 35 mg/ml aqueous extracts ofIranian Ferula assafoatida aerial parts were prepared and then used for evaluation of their susceptibility against a standard Candida albicans using broth microdilution method. Different concentrations of this herbal extract and Fluconazole were used for determining the minimum inhibition concentration and killing on Candidasuspensions. Results:Concentrations of 8.75 mg/ml aerial parts of Ferula assafoetida completely inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and killed all viable cells (MFC). Concentrations of 0.273 and 4.4 mg/ml Ferula aqueous extracts were also determined as MIC50 and MIC90. In case of Fluconazole, 128 µg/ml concentrationis determined as MFC and 0.5 µg/ml concentration is also known as MIC50. Conclusion:Results of the current study showed that the aqueous extract of Ferula assafoetida aerial parts has inhibitory and candidacidal effect against Candida albicans and further in vivo studies are suggested. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1127-en.pdf Ferula assafoetida Candidiasis Candida albicans Antifungal effect Fluconazole per Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Tolooebehdasht 1728-5127 2538-1598 2014-09 13 3 182 194 article H Mozaffari-Khosravi mozaffari.kh@gmail.com 1 L NabizadehAsl 2 M Akbari 3 Z Ahadi 4 B Talaei 5 Introduction: Evaluation of grow this particularly important in children. It has to use the standard data necessarily. Due to genetic difference sand patterns of people living in different areas, national or local needs are better to be considered rather than the international ones. The aim of this study was to determine the height, weight and BMI of the children6-11 years old in the city of Yazd Methods: In this cross-sectional study,2592 student (6-11 years old)were selected by cluster sampling in 26 schools and all students in one class from each grade in the academic year2010-2011 in Yazd–Iran. Height, weight and body mass index of the children were measured. Using the SPSS curve, the height, weight and body mass index by age and sex were calculated and compared with the WHO and CDC standards. Results: Height-for-age percentile curves of girls were below CDC standard features. The 5 and 15 percentiles of weight-for-age of male in most age groups were also below CDC data. The 95 and 97 percentiles of body mass index of male and female children aged over 10 years were higher than foreign standards. Conclusion: Due to the differences seen between the curves for height, weight and body mass index in Yazdian children and foreign standards, it is better to use the norms of this study for Yazdi children 6-11 years old. http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-1128-en.pdf Height Weight Body Mass Index Anthropometric norms