Volume 23, Issue 4 (10-2024)                   TB 2024, 23(4): 1-14 | Back to browse issues page

Ethics code: IR.IAU.SEMNAN.REC.1402.036


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Imani F, bagheri M. Predicting Depression in Middle-Aged Individuals in Tehran Based on Socioeconomic Status, Loneliness, Spiritual Well-Being, and Marital Satisfaction in 2023. TB 2024; 23 (4) :1-14
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3672-en.html
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran , bagheri.ma@mazums.ac.ir
Full-Text [PDF 871 kb]   (169 Downloads)     |   Abstract (HTML)  (285 Views)
Full-Text:   (121 Views)
Predicting Depression in Middle-Aged Individuals in Tehran Based on Socioeconomic Status, Loneliness, Spiritual Well-Being, and Marital Satisfaction in 2023
Fatemeh Imani(M.A)1, Maedeh bagheri(Ph.D.)2
1.MA of clinical psychology, Semnan branch, Islamic Azad University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
2.Corresponding Author:Assistant Professor of Health psychology, Department of psychiatry and psychosomatic research center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Email: bagheri.ma@mazums.ac.ir    Tel: +98-9113546225

Abstract
Introduction: Information related to the amount of the most significant risk factors identified in relation to depression in middle-aged Iranian individuals is insufficient. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to predict depression in middle-aged residents of Tehran based on their socioeconomic status, feelings of loneliness, spiritual well-being, and marital satisfaction.
Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational approach and regression analysis. A total of 216 middle-aged individuals visiting health centers in Tehran in 2023 were selected through convenience sampling. Participants completed questionnaires assessing marital satisfaction (Hudson), social-emotional loneliness in adults, spiritual well-being (Dehshiri et al.), socioeconomic status (SES), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 to examine the relationship between predictor variables and depression.
Rusults: Among the 216 middle-aged participants in Tehran, aged between 40 and 60 years, 47/68% were male (103 individuals) and 52/31% were female (113 individuals). The prevalence of depression among middle-aged individuals in Tehran was found to be 46/3% (100 individuals). Notably, only spiritual well-being significantly predicted the variability in depression among middle-aged individuals in Tehran (B=0/19, p< 0/01).
Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, socioeconomic status, loneliness, and marital satisfaction did not statistically predict the variability in depression among middle-aged individuals in Tehran. It is recommended that further research be conducted to identify the most significant risk factors associated with depression in this demographic.
Keywords: Depression, Family conflict, spirituality, Loneliness


1-Yang H-J, Cheng Y, Yu T-S & et al. Association between retirement age and incidence of depressive disorders: A 19-year population-based study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2024;32(2):166-77.
2-Liu Q, He H, Yang J & et al. Changes in the global burden of depression from 1990 to 2017: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease study. Journal of psychiatric research. 2020;126:              134-40.
3-Gharraee B, Tajrishi KZ, Sheybani F & et al. Prevalence of major depressive disorder in the general population of Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2019;33:151.
4-Hao W, Tang Q, Huang X & et al. Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among maintenance dialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. International urology and nephrology. 2021;53:1453-61.
5-Limenih G, MacDougall A, Wedlake M & et al. Depression and Global Mental Health in the Global South: A Critical Analysis of Policy and Discourse. International Journal of Social Determinants of Health and Health Services. 2024;54(2):95-107.
6-Darabi S, Torabi F. Analysis and comparison of aging population in Europe and Asia during 1950 to 2015. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017;12(1):30-43.
7-Wu Y, Su B, Zhong P & et al. Association between chronic disease status and transitions in depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese population: Insights from a Markov model-based cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2024.
8-Pengpid S, Peltzer K, Anantanasuwong D. Marital status, marital transition and health behaviour and mental health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in Thailand: A national longitudinal study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2024;117:105196.
9-Hoffman LW. John Bowlby, Conflicted Integrator: The Object Relations Origins of and Christian Antecedents to Attachment Theory. Journal of Psychology & Christianity. 2024;43(1).
10-May D, Litvin B, Allegrante J. Behavioral activation, depression, and promotion of health behaviors: a scoping review. Health education & behavior. 2024;51(2):321-31.
11-Shi Y, Whisman MA. Marital satisfaction as a potential moderator of the association between stress and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;327:155-8.
12-Rehman M, Hossain Z. Co-Rumination, Marital Satisfaction, and Depression: A Case of Married Men and Women in Pakistan. Journal of Comparative Family Studies. 2024;54(4):387-406.
13-Luo M. Social isolation, loneliness, and depressive symptoms: a twelve-year population study of temporal dynamics. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2023;78(2):280-90.
14-Achterbergh L, Pitman A, Birken M & et al. The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature. BMC psychiatry. 2020;20:1-23.
15-Griffin SC, Blakey SM, Brant TR & et al. Disentangling the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms in US adults over 50. Clinical Gerontologist. 2024;47(2):             257-69.
16-VanderWeerd AL. Spiritual Disciplines and Mental Resiliency: The Effectiveness of Spiritual Coping Mechanisms to Decrease Anxiety and Depression Symptoms. 2024.
17-Britt KC, Boateng AC, Sebu J & et al. The association between religious beliefs and values with inflammation among Middle-age and older adults. Aging & Mental Health. 2024:1-8.
18-Green SB. How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate behavioral research. 1991;26(3):499-510.
19-Li J, Wang Q, Zhou X. Spousal religious difference, marital satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing of Chinese older adults. Family Relations. 2024 Jul;73(3):2120-33.
20-Ghafurian Ghahramani S, Mahdavian A. Predicting Marital satisfaction based on Emaphy, Marital commitment and Attachment styles of married women in Tehran. Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2022;19(2):71-80.
21-DiTommaso E, Brannen C, Best LA. Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2004;64(1):99-119.
22-Jowkar B. Psychometric properties of the short form of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults (SELSA-S). International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2012;5(4):311-7.
23-Dehshiri GR, Najafi M, Sohrabi F & et al. Development and Validation of the Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire among University students. Journal of Psychological Studies. 2013;9(4):73-98.
24-Eslami A, Mahmoudi A, Khabiri M & et al. The role of socioeconomic conditions in the citizens'motivation for participating in public sports. 2014.
25-Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry: lippincott Williams & wilkins Philadelphia; 2000.
26-Beck AT, Steer RA, Carbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical psychology review. 1988;8(1):77-100.
27-Ghassemzadeh H, Mojtabai R, Karamghadiri N & et al. Psychometric properties of a Persianlanguage version of the Beck Depression InventorySecond edition: BDIIIPERSIAN. Depression and anxiety. 2005;21(4):185-92.
28-Isanazar A, Joukar F, Maroufizadeh S& et al. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among adults: the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study (PGCS). Journal of Public Health. 2024;32(7):1187-95.
29-Hosseinzadeh-Shanjani Z, Khodayari-Zarnaq R, Khosravi MF & et al. Factors affecting major depression in Iran: a mixed-method study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 2024;43(1):73.
30-Zhang H, Zhang L, Li J & et al.The influence of Life’s Essential 8 on the link between socioeconomic status and depression in adults: a mediation analysis. BMC psychiatry. 2024;24(1):296.
 
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Psychology
Received: 2024/07/24 | Accepted: 2024/09/18 | Published: 2024/09/18

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Tolooebehdasht

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb