Volume 22, Issue 6 (2-2024)
TB 2024, 22(6): 1-14 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.SEMNAN.REC.1401.018
Clinical trials code: IRCT20220708055417N1
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Dolatabadi E, Bagheri M. The Effectiveness of Education for Children with Intellectual Disabilities on reducing the burden of parental care. TB 2024; 22 (6) :1-14
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3586-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3586-en.html
, bagheri.ma@mazums.ac.ir
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The Effectiveness of Education for Children with Intellectual Disabilities on reducing the burden of parental care
Elahe Dolatabadi(MA.)1, Maedeh bagheri (Ph.D.)2
1.MA of clinical psychology, Semnan branch, Islamic Azad University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
2. Corresponding Author :Assistant Professor of Health psychology, Department of psychiatry and psychosomatic research center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Tel: +98-9113546225, Email: bagheri.ma@mazums.ac.ir
Abstract
Introduction: Although the pressure of care has an adverse effect on mental health of parents with children with intellectual disabilities, educational training for these children can be helpful by creating independence for these children. Accordingly, the present study is conducted by determining the effectiveness of educational training for children with intellectual disabilities on reducing the burden of care for their parents.
Methods: The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all the children under 14 withintellectual disabilities in Pakdasht city in 2021; 30 of them were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 20 training sessions, -two sessions a week for 5 hours, but the control group did not receive any training. Zarit Burden Interview was completed by their parents. Then, the obtained data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software and univariate covariance.
Results: Data illustrated the significant difference of the parental burden mean scores between the experimental and control groups (F=107/535, P<0/01); so, it can be concluded that educational training for children with educable intellectual disabilities significantly impacts caregiving-induced burden.
Conclusion: Educational training for children with educable intellectual disabilities in centers related with welfare organization (private and governmental), can reduce the caregiving-induced burden and its possible devastating consequences.
Keywords: Education, Caregiving Burden, Disabled Children, Intellectual Disabilities, Parents
References
1-American Psychiatric Association D, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5: American psychiatric association Washington, DC; 2013.
2-Lee K, Cascella M, Marwaha R. Intellectual disability. 2019.
3-Zablotsky B, Black LI, Maenner MJ & et al. Prevalence and trends of developmental disabilities among children in the United States: 2009–2017. Pediatrics. 2019;144(4).
4-Soltani S, Khosravi B, Salehiniya H. Prevalence of intellectual disability in Iran: Toward a new conceptual framework in data collection. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2015;20(7): 715-6.
5-Olusanya BO, Wright SM, Nair M & et al. Global burden of childhood epilepsy, intellectual disability, and sensory impairments. Pediatrics. 2020;146(1).
6-Arasu S, Shanbhag D. Quality of life and burden of caregiving among the primary caregivers of children with disability in rural Karnataka. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021;10(8):2804.
7-Ramasubramanian V, Chellamuthu R, Selvikumari R & et al. Caregiver burden in children with intellectual disability: Does special school education help? Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 2019;28(2):176.
8-Javalkar K, Rak E, Phillips A & et al. Predictors of caregiver burden among mothers of children with chronic conditions. Children. 2017;4(5):39.
9-Barros ALO, de Gutierrez GM, Barros AO & et al. Quality of life and burden of caregivers of children and adolescents with disabilities. Special Care in Dentistry. 2019;39(4):380-8.
10-Ede MO, Okeke CI, Obiweluozo PE. Intervention for treating depression in parents of children with intellectual disability of Down’s Syndrome: a sample of Nigerian parents. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2022:1-25.
11-Holmberg Bergman T, Renhorn E, Berg B & et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Group intervention for parents of children with disabilities (navigator ACT): An open feasibility trial. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2023;53(5):1834-49.
12-Lobato D, Montesinos F, Polín E & et al. Acceptance and Commitment Training Focused on Psychological Flexibility for Family Members of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(21):13943.
13-Ugwuanyi LT, Ede MO, Agbigwe IB & et al. Effect of rational emotive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of parents of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2023;41(1):128-43.
14-Malekpour M, Nesai Moghadam B. Effect of sandplay therapy on cognitive development of educable mentally retarded. Research in cognitive and behavioral sciences. 2014;4(1):141-54.
15-Hashemi SA, Naderi E, Shariatmadari A & et al. Science production in Iranian educational system by the use of critical thinking. International Journal of Instruction. 2010 Jan 1;3(1).
16-azzahra s, nadipa sp, andika r & et al. the role of islamic religious education learning in increasing cognitive development for children mentally disabled. journal of islamic psychology and behavioral sciences. 2023 jan 29;1(1):23-35.
17-Alnahdi GH. Special Education Programs for Students with Intellectual Disability in Saudi Arabia: Issues and Recommendations. Journal of the International Association of Special Education. 2014;15(1).
18-Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. The gerontologist. 1980;20(6):649-55.
19-Ramzani A, Zarghami M, Charati JY & et al. Relationship between self-efficacy and perceived burden among schizophrenic patients' caregivers. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2019;6(2):91.
20-Derogatis LR, Lipman R, Covi L. SCL-90. Administration, scoring and procedures manual-I for the R (revised) version and other instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scales Series Chicago: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 1977.
21-Akhavan Abiri F, Shairi MR. Validity and reliability of symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R) and brief symptom inventory-53 (BSI-53). Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020;17(2):169-95.
22-Riemersma I, Van Santvoort F, Van Doesum K & et al. ‘You are Okay’: Effects of a support and educational program for children with mild intellectual disability and their parents with mental health concerns. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2022;26(1):70-89.
23-Wade C, Llewellyn G, Matthews J. Parent mental health as a mediator of contextual effects on parents with intellectual disabilities and their children. Clinical Psychologist. 2015;19(1):28-38.
24-Baker K, Devine RT, Ng-Cordell E & et al. Childhood intellectual disability and parents' mental health: integrating social, psychological and genetic influences. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;218(6):315-22.
25-Jyoti A, gupta P, awasthi k & et al. Caregiver burden among primary caregivers of children with intellectual development disorder and its association with perceived stress. Neuroquantology. 2023;21(6):96.
26-Jeong KE, Suk MH. The relation among uncertainty, social support, care burden of mothers having children with developmental disabilities. Research in Community and Public Health Nursing. 2023;34(2):117-26.
27-Thoma CA, Getzel EE. " Self-determination is what it's all about": What post-secondary students with disabilities tell us are important considerations for success. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities. 2005:234-42.
28-Wehmeyer ML. Promoting Self-Determination in Students with Developmental Disabilities. What Works for Special-Needs Learners. Guilford Publications. 2007.
29-Martin DB. A look at grit: Teachers who teach students with severe disabilities: Brandman University; 2016.
Full-Text: (76 Views)
The Effectiveness of Education for Children with Intellectual Disabilities on reducing the burden of parental care
Elahe Dolatabadi(MA.)1, Maedeh bagheri (Ph.D.)2
1.MA of clinical psychology, Semnan branch, Islamic Azad University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
2. Corresponding Author :Assistant Professor of Health psychology, Department of psychiatry and psychosomatic research center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Tel: +98-9113546225, Email: bagheri.ma@mazums.ac.ir
Abstract
Introduction: Although the pressure of care has an adverse effect on mental health of parents with children with intellectual disabilities, educational training for these children can be helpful by creating independence for these children. Accordingly, the present study is conducted by determining the effectiveness of educational training for children with intellectual disabilities on reducing the burden of care for their parents.
Methods: The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all the children under 14 withintellectual disabilities in Pakdasht city in 2021; 30 of them were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 20 training sessions, -two sessions a week for 5 hours, but the control group did not receive any training. Zarit Burden Interview was completed by their parents. Then, the obtained data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software and univariate covariance.
Results: Data illustrated the significant difference of the parental burden mean scores between the experimental and control groups (F=107/535, P<0/01); so, it can be concluded that educational training for children with educable intellectual disabilities significantly impacts caregiving-induced burden.
Conclusion: Educational training for children with educable intellectual disabilities in centers related with welfare organization (private and governmental), can reduce the caregiving-induced burden and its possible devastating consequences.
Keywords: Education, Caregiving Burden, Disabled Children, Intellectual Disabilities, Parents
References
1-American Psychiatric Association D, Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5: American psychiatric association Washington, DC; 2013.
2-Lee K, Cascella M, Marwaha R. Intellectual disability. 2019.
3-Zablotsky B, Black LI, Maenner MJ & et al. Prevalence and trends of developmental disabilities among children in the United States: 2009–2017. Pediatrics. 2019;144(4).
4-Soltani S, Khosravi B, Salehiniya H. Prevalence of intellectual disability in Iran: Toward a new conceptual framework in data collection. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2015;20(7): 715-6.
5-Olusanya BO, Wright SM, Nair M & et al. Global burden of childhood epilepsy, intellectual disability, and sensory impairments. Pediatrics. 2020;146(1).
6-Arasu S, Shanbhag D. Quality of life and burden of caregiving among the primary caregivers of children with disability in rural Karnataka. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021;10(8):2804.
7-Ramasubramanian V, Chellamuthu R, Selvikumari R & et al. Caregiver burden in children with intellectual disability: Does special school education help? Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 2019;28(2):176.
8-Javalkar K, Rak E, Phillips A & et al. Predictors of caregiver burden among mothers of children with chronic conditions. Children. 2017;4(5):39.
9-Barros ALO, de Gutierrez GM, Barros AO & et al. Quality of life and burden of caregivers of children and adolescents with disabilities. Special Care in Dentistry. 2019;39(4):380-8.
10-Ede MO, Okeke CI, Obiweluozo PE. Intervention for treating depression in parents of children with intellectual disability of Down’s Syndrome: a sample of Nigerian parents. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2022:1-25.
11-Holmberg Bergman T, Renhorn E, Berg B & et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Group intervention for parents of children with disabilities (navigator ACT): An open feasibility trial. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2023;53(5):1834-49.
12-Lobato D, Montesinos F, Polín E & et al. Acceptance and Commitment Training Focused on Psychological Flexibility for Family Members of Children with Intellectual Disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(21):13943.
13-Ugwuanyi LT, Ede MO, Agbigwe IB & et al. Effect of rational emotive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms in a sample of parents of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 2023;41(1):128-43.
14-Malekpour M, Nesai Moghadam B. Effect of sandplay therapy on cognitive development of educable mentally retarded. Research in cognitive and behavioral sciences. 2014;4(1):141-54.
15-Hashemi SA, Naderi E, Shariatmadari A & et al. Science production in Iranian educational system by the use of critical thinking. International Journal of Instruction. 2010 Jan 1;3(1).
16-azzahra s, nadipa sp, andika r & et al. the role of islamic religious education learning in increasing cognitive development for children mentally disabled. journal of islamic psychology and behavioral sciences. 2023 jan 29;1(1):23-35.
17-Alnahdi GH. Special Education Programs for Students with Intellectual Disability in Saudi Arabia: Issues and Recommendations. Journal of the International Association of Special Education. 2014;15(1).
18-Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. The gerontologist. 1980;20(6):649-55.
19-Ramzani A, Zarghami M, Charati JY & et al. Relationship between self-efficacy and perceived burden among schizophrenic patients' caregivers. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2019;6(2):91.
20-Derogatis LR, Lipman R, Covi L. SCL-90. Administration, scoring and procedures manual-I for the R (revised) version and other instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scales Series Chicago: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 1977.
21-Akhavan Abiri F, Shairi MR. Validity and reliability of symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R) and brief symptom inventory-53 (BSI-53). Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020;17(2):169-95.
22-Riemersma I, Van Santvoort F, Van Doesum K & et al. ‘You are Okay’: Effects of a support and educational program for children with mild intellectual disability and their parents with mental health concerns. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. 2022;26(1):70-89.
23-Wade C, Llewellyn G, Matthews J. Parent mental health as a mediator of contextual effects on parents with intellectual disabilities and their children. Clinical Psychologist. 2015;19(1):28-38.
24-Baker K, Devine RT, Ng-Cordell E & et al. Childhood intellectual disability and parents' mental health: integrating social, psychological and genetic influences. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;218(6):315-22.
25-Jyoti A, gupta P, awasthi k & et al. Caregiver burden among primary caregivers of children with intellectual development disorder and its association with perceived stress. Neuroquantology. 2023;21(6):96.
26-Jeong KE, Suk MH. The relation among uncertainty, social support, care burden of mothers having children with developmental disabilities. Research in Community and Public Health Nursing. 2023;34(2):117-26.
27-Thoma CA, Getzel EE. " Self-determination is what it's all about": What post-secondary students with disabilities tell us are important considerations for success. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities. 2005:234-42.
28-Wehmeyer ML. Promoting Self-Determination in Students with Developmental Disabilities. What Works for Special-Needs Learners. Guilford Publications. 2007.
29-Martin DB. A look at grit: Teachers who teach students with severe disabilities: Brandman University; 2016.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychology
Received: 2023/09/3 | Accepted: 2024/01/2 | Published: 2024/03/16
Received: 2023/09/3 | Accepted: 2024/01/2 | Published: 2024/03/16
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