Volume 22, Issue 5 (3-2023)
TB 2023, 22(5): 89-106 |
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Research code: 162622726
Ethics code: IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1401.207
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Shadi Zavareh B, Azmoudeh M, Kashefimehr B, Mesrabadi J. Effectiveness of Positive Resilience Training on Emotional Self-Regulation, Psychological Distress and Parent-Child Interaction among Mothers of Mentally Retarded Children. TB 2023; 22 (5) :89-106
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3581-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3581-en.html
Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University , mas_azemod@yahoo.com
Keywords: Positive Resilience, Emotional Self-Regulation, Psychological Distress, Parent-Child Interaction, Mothers, Intellectual Disability
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Effectiveness of Positive Resilience Training on Emotional Self-Regulation, Psychological Distress and Parent-Child Interaction among Mothers of Mentally Retarded Children
Bamdad Shadi Zavareh (Ph.D.s)1, Masoumeh Azmoudeh (Ph.D.)2, Babak Kashefimehr (Ph.D.) 3, Javad Mesrabadi (Ph.D.)4
1.Ph.D. student in Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2.Assistant Professor in Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3.Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4.Professor of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran. Email: mesrabadi@azaruniv.ac.ir Tel: 09120530805
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effect of positive resilience training on improving emotional self-regulation, psychological distress, and parent-child interactions in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Methods: Data collection tools included Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (1992), Emotion Self-Regulation Questionnaire by Hofmann and Kashdan (2010), and Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire by Pianta (1994). Positive resilience training was implemented in 8 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. Data analysis was done using SPSS.v21 software and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance tests. 30 individuals were selected using purposive sampling method who were randomly assigned to two groups (15 individuals per group).
Results: The results showed that positive resilience training was effective on the overall score of emotional self-regulation and the components of concealment and compromise. In addition, the effectiveness of this intervention on psychological distress had also been significant. Also, the results showed that positive resilience training had a significant effect on general positive relationship and the components of closeness and dependence.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to prioritize positive resilience training in intervention programs aimed at improving mental health of the mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Keywords:Positive Resilience, Emotional Self-Regulation, Psychological Distress, Parent-Child Interaction, Mothers, Intellectual Disability
References
1-Mercer JR. Labeling the mentally retarded: Clinical and social system perspectives on mental retardation: Univ of California Press 2022.
2-Hamilton JL. Assessment in Mental Retardation: Toward Instructional Relevance 1. Infants at Risk: Routledge; 2021:p. 181-203.
3-Gupta R, Kaur M, Reddy K & et al. A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among primary school teachers in selected urban and rural schools, Jalandhar (Punjab) with a view to develop an information booklet. International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 2022;2(5):361-9.
4-Putri VR, Junaidi AR, Dewantoro DA. The Drill Method Filming in Improving Mental Retardation Students Self-Care Skills. Journal of ICSAR. 2021;5(2):21-7.
5-Gillespie-Smith K, McConachie D, Ballantyne C & et al. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on psychological distress in family caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disability in the UK. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021:1-15.
6-MacKinnon AL, Silang K, Penner K & et al. Promoting mental health in parents of young children using ehealth interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 2022;25(3):413-34.
7-Zhang X, Gatzke‐Kopp LM, Cole PM & et al. A dynamic systems account of parental self‐regulation processes in the context of challenging child behavior. Child development. 2022;93(5):e501-e14.
8-Sanabra M, Gómez-Hinojosa T, Grau N & et al. Deficient emotional self-regulation and sleep problems in ADHD with and without pharmacological treatment. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2022;26(3):426-33.
9-Wilson D, de Oliveira DR, Palace-Berl F& et al. Fostering emotional self-regulation in female teachers at the public teaching network: A mindfulness-based intervention improving psychological measures and inflammatory biomarkers. Brain, behavior, & immunity-health. 2022;21:100427.
10-Bennett RJ, Saulsman L, Eikelboom RH & et al. Coping with the social challenges and emotional distress associated with hearing loss: a qualitative investigation using Leventhal’s self-regulation theory. International Journal of Audiology. 2022;61(5):353-64.
11-Zheng J, Morstead T, Sin N & et al. Psychological distress in North America during COVID-19: The role of pandemic-related stressors. Social Science & Medicine. 2021;270:113687.
12-Sirois FM, Owens J. Factors associated with psychological distress in health-care workers during an infectious disease outbreak: a rapid systematic review of the evidence. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021;11:589545.
13-Necho M, Tsehay M, Birkie M & et al. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2021;67(7):892-906.
14-Uzun H, Karaca NH, Metin Ş. Assesment of parent-child relationship in Covid-19 pandemic. Children and Youth Services Review. 2021;120:105748.
15-Imrie S, Zadeh S, Wylie K & et al. Children with trans parents: Parent–child relationship quality and psychological well-being. Parenting. 2021;21(3):185-215.
16-Lindell AK, Killoren SE, Campione-Barr N. Parent-child relationship quality and emotional adjustment among college students: The role of parental financial support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2021;38(2):81-459.
17-Giovannetti AM, Pakenham KI, Presti G & etal. A group resilience training program for people with multiple sclerosis: Study protocol of a multi-centre cluster-randomized controlled trial (multi-READY for MS). PloS one. 2022;17(5):e0267245.
18-Brassington K, Lomas T. Can resilience training improve well-being for people in high-risk occupations? A systematic review through a multidimensional lens. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2021;16(5):5-392.
19-Grabbe L, Higgins MK, Baird M & et al. Impact of a resiliency training to support the mental well-being of front-line workers: brief report of a quasi-experimental study of the community resiliency model. Medical Care. 2021;59(7):616.
20-Rezaei Z, Behpajooh A, Ghobari-Bonab B. The Effectiveness of Nonviolent Communication Program Training on Mother-Child Interaction in Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2019;20(1):40-51.[Persian]
21-Kessler R, Mroczek D. Final versions of our non-specific psychological distress scale. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. 1994.
22-Hofmann SG, Kashdan TB. The affective style questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment. 2010;32:255-63.
23-Pianta RC. Patterns of relationships between children and kindergarten teachers. Journal of school psychology. 1994;32(1):15-31.
24-Yaghoubi H. Psychometric properties of the 10 questions Version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). Journal of Applied Psychological Research. 2016;6(4):45-57.
25-Karashki H. Evaluating factorial structure of emotional styles in students. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2013;11(3):185-95.
26-Abareshi Z, Tahmasian K, Mazaheri M-A & et al. The Impact of Psychosocial Child Development Training Program, Done through Improvement of Mother-Child Interaction, on Parental Self-Efficacy and Relationship between Mother and Child under Three. Research in Health Psychology. 2009;3(3):49-57.
27-Saadipour I, Rostami N, Gazelle G. Everyday Resilience: A Practical Guide to Building Inner Strength and Coping with Life's Challenges. Tehran: Arjmand; 2021.[Persian]
28-Mohammadi-Bardbari N. Positive psychotherapy (fundamentals, principles and therapeutic interventions). Tehran: Roz Andish 2020.[Persian]
29-Hosseini ghomi T, Jahanbakhshi z. Effectiveness of resilience training on stress and mental health of mothers whose have children suffering mental retardation. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy
2021;12(46):205-28.[Persian]
30-Goudarzi M, Gholamrezaei S, Amraei K. Comparison of The Effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment with a Developed Intervention based on Training of Mindfulness, Resilience and Emotion Regulation on Positive and Negative Meta-Emotion Components in Pregnant Women with Psychological Distress: An Online Study. Clinical Psychology Studies. 2021;11(44):104-39.
31-Johnson J, Panagioti M, Bass J & et al Resilience to emotional distress in response to failure, error or mistakes: A systematic review. Clinical psychology review. 2017;52:19-42.
32-Boss P. Resilience as tolerance for ambiguity. Handbook of family resilience: Springer; 2012; p. 285-97.
33-abatabaei SM, Chalabainloo G. The Effectiveness of Resilience Training on Positive and Negative Affect and Reduction of Psychological Distress in Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2020;23(4):438-49.[Persian]
34-Loprinzi CE, Prasad K, Schroeder DR & et al. Stress Management and Resilience Training (SMART) program to decrease stress and enhance resilience among breast cancer survivors: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Clinical breast cancer. 2011;11(6):364-8.
35-Chesak SS, Morin KH, Cutshall S & et al. Stress management and resiliency training in a nurse residency program: Findings from participant focus groups. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development. 2019;35(6):337-43.
36-Tofighi Z, Asghar A, Golparvar M. Comparing the Effectiveness of Teaching Resilience and Emotion Regulation on the Life Quality and Self-Efficacy of the Mothers of the Children Suffering from Cerebral Paralysis. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences. 2020;63(4):2525-41.[Persian]
37-Roghanchi M, Jazayeri R, Etemadi O & et al. Effectiveness of group counseling based on resiliency on quality of parent-child relationship and family functioning in mother headed families. Journal of family Research. 2018;13(3):423-45.
38-Pines EW, Rauschhuber ML, Norgan GH & etal. Stress resiliency, psychological empowerment
and conflict management styles among baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of advanced nursing. 2012;68(7):1482-93.
39-Roya Ebrahimi, Kazem Barzegar Bafrooei. The Relationship between Mindfulness and Creative Self-efficacy in School Teachers with Special Needs: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience, Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2022; 12(45):69-88. [Persian]
40-Kazem Barzegar Bafrooei,Maryam Afkhami, ,Reyhaneh Shafie, Mohammad Afkhami Aghda,Yasser Rezapour Mirsaleh. Comparison of General Health, Coping Styles, Religious Orientations, and….. Tolooebehdasht Journal.2019;18(1):42-57.[Persian]
Bamdad Shadi Zavareh (Ph.D.s)1, Masoumeh Azmoudeh (Ph.D.)2, Babak Kashefimehr (Ph.D.) 3, Javad Mesrabadi (Ph.D.)4
1.Ph.D. student in Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2.Assistant Professor in Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3.Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4.Professor of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran. Email: mesrabadi@azaruniv.ac.ir Tel: 09120530805
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to investigate the effect of positive resilience training on improving emotional self-regulation, psychological distress, and parent-child interactions in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Methods: Data collection tools included Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (1992), Emotion Self-Regulation Questionnaire by Hofmann and Kashdan (2010), and Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire by Pianta (1994). Positive resilience training was implemented in 8 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. Data analysis was done using SPSS.v21 software and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance tests. 30 individuals were selected using purposive sampling method who were randomly assigned to two groups (15 individuals per group).
Results: The results showed that positive resilience training was effective on the overall score of emotional self-regulation and the components of concealment and compromise. In addition, the effectiveness of this intervention on psychological distress had also been significant. Also, the results showed that positive resilience training had a significant effect on general positive relationship and the components of closeness and dependence.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to prioritize positive resilience training in intervention programs aimed at improving mental health of the mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Keywords:Positive Resilience, Emotional Self-Regulation, Psychological Distress, Parent-Child Interaction, Mothers, Intellectual Disability
References
1-Mercer JR. Labeling the mentally retarded: Clinical and social system perspectives on mental retardation: Univ of California Press 2022.
2-Hamilton JL. Assessment in Mental Retardation: Toward Instructional Relevance 1. Infants at Risk: Routledge; 2021:p. 181-203.
3-Gupta R, Kaur M, Reddy K & et al. A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among primary school teachers in selected urban and rural schools, Jalandhar (Punjab) with a view to develop an information booklet. International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 2022;2(5):361-9.
4-Putri VR, Junaidi AR, Dewantoro DA. The Drill Method Filming in Improving Mental Retardation Students Self-Care Skills. Journal of ICSAR. 2021;5(2):21-7.
5-Gillespie-Smith K, McConachie D, Ballantyne C & et al. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on psychological distress in family caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disability in the UK. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021:1-15.
6-MacKinnon AL, Silang K, Penner K & et al. Promoting mental health in parents of young children using ehealth interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 2022;25(3):413-34.
7-Zhang X, Gatzke‐Kopp LM, Cole PM & et al. A dynamic systems account of parental self‐regulation processes in the context of challenging child behavior. Child development. 2022;93(5):e501-e14.
8-Sanabra M, Gómez-Hinojosa T, Grau N & et al. Deficient emotional self-regulation and sleep problems in ADHD with and without pharmacological treatment. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2022;26(3):426-33.
9-Wilson D, de Oliveira DR, Palace-Berl F& et al. Fostering emotional self-regulation in female teachers at the public teaching network: A mindfulness-based intervention improving psychological measures and inflammatory biomarkers. Brain, behavior, & immunity-health. 2022;21:100427.
10-Bennett RJ, Saulsman L, Eikelboom RH & et al. Coping with the social challenges and emotional distress associated with hearing loss: a qualitative investigation using Leventhal’s self-regulation theory. International Journal of Audiology. 2022;61(5):353-64.
11-Zheng J, Morstead T, Sin N & et al. Psychological distress in North America during COVID-19: The role of pandemic-related stressors. Social Science & Medicine. 2021;270:113687.
12-Sirois FM, Owens J. Factors associated with psychological distress in health-care workers during an infectious disease outbreak: a rapid systematic review of the evidence. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2021;11:589545.
13-Necho M, Tsehay M, Birkie M & et al. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2021;67(7):892-906.
14-Uzun H, Karaca NH, Metin Ş. Assesment of parent-child relationship in Covid-19 pandemic. Children and Youth Services Review. 2021;120:105748.
15-Imrie S, Zadeh S, Wylie K & et al. Children with trans parents: Parent–child relationship quality and psychological well-being. Parenting. 2021;21(3):185-215.
16-Lindell AK, Killoren SE, Campione-Barr N. Parent-child relationship quality and emotional adjustment among college students: The role of parental financial support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 2021;38(2):81-459.
17-Giovannetti AM, Pakenham KI, Presti G & etal. A group resilience training program for people with multiple sclerosis: Study protocol of a multi-centre cluster-randomized controlled trial (multi-READY for MS). PloS one. 2022;17(5):e0267245.
18-Brassington K, Lomas T. Can resilience training improve well-being for people in high-risk occupations? A systematic review through a multidimensional lens. The Journal of Positive Psychology. 2021;16(5):5-392.
19-Grabbe L, Higgins MK, Baird M & et al. Impact of a resiliency training to support the mental well-being of front-line workers: brief report of a quasi-experimental study of the community resiliency model. Medical Care. 2021;59(7):616.
20-Rezaei Z, Behpajooh A, Ghobari-Bonab B. The Effectiveness of Nonviolent Communication Program Training on Mother-Child Interaction in Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2019;20(1):40-51.[Persian]
21-Kessler R, Mroczek D. Final versions of our non-specific psychological distress scale. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. 1994.
22-Hofmann SG, Kashdan TB. The affective style questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment. 2010;32:255-63.
23-Pianta RC. Patterns of relationships between children and kindergarten teachers. Journal of school psychology. 1994;32(1):15-31.
24-Yaghoubi H. Psychometric properties of the 10 questions Version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). Journal of Applied Psychological Research. 2016;6(4):45-57.
25-Karashki H. Evaluating factorial structure of emotional styles in students. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2013;11(3):185-95.
26-Abareshi Z, Tahmasian K, Mazaheri M-A & et al. The Impact of Psychosocial Child Development Training Program, Done through Improvement of Mother-Child Interaction, on Parental Self-Efficacy and Relationship between Mother and Child under Three. Research in Health Psychology. 2009;3(3):49-57.
27-Saadipour I, Rostami N, Gazelle G. Everyday Resilience: A Practical Guide to Building Inner Strength and Coping with Life's Challenges. Tehran: Arjmand; 2021.[Persian]
28-Mohammadi-Bardbari N. Positive psychotherapy (fundamentals, principles and therapeutic interventions). Tehran: Roz Andish 2020.[Persian]
29-Hosseini ghomi T, Jahanbakhshi z. Effectiveness of resilience training on stress and mental health of mothers whose have children suffering mental retardation. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy
2021;12(46):205-28.[Persian]
30-Goudarzi M, Gholamrezaei S, Amraei K. Comparison of The Effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment with a Developed Intervention based on Training of Mindfulness, Resilience and Emotion Regulation on Positive and Negative Meta-Emotion Components in Pregnant Women with Psychological Distress: An Online Study. Clinical Psychology Studies. 2021;11(44):104-39.
31-Johnson J, Panagioti M, Bass J & et al Resilience to emotional distress in response to failure, error or mistakes: A systematic review. Clinical psychology review. 2017;52:19-42.
32-Boss P. Resilience as tolerance for ambiguity. Handbook of family resilience: Springer; 2012; p. 285-97.
33-abatabaei SM, Chalabainloo G. The Effectiveness of Resilience Training on Positive and Negative Affect and Reduction of Psychological Distress in Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2020;23(4):438-49.[Persian]
34-Loprinzi CE, Prasad K, Schroeder DR & et al. Stress Management and Resilience Training (SMART) program to decrease stress and enhance resilience among breast cancer survivors: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Clinical breast cancer. 2011;11(6):364-8.
35-Chesak SS, Morin KH, Cutshall S & et al. Stress management and resiliency training in a nurse residency program: Findings from participant focus groups. Journal for Nurses in Professional Development. 2019;35(6):337-43.
36-Tofighi Z, Asghar A, Golparvar M. Comparing the Effectiveness of Teaching Resilience and Emotion Regulation on the Life Quality and Self-Efficacy of the Mothers of the Children Suffering from Cerebral Paralysis. medical journal of mashhad university of medical sciences. 2020;63(4):2525-41.[Persian]
37-Roghanchi M, Jazayeri R, Etemadi O & et al. Effectiveness of group counseling based on resiliency on quality of parent-child relationship and family functioning in mother headed families. Journal of family Research. 2018;13(3):423-45.
38-Pines EW, Rauschhuber ML, Norgan GH & etal. Stress resiliency, psychological empowerment
and conflict management styles among baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of advanced nursing. 2012;68(7):1482-93.
39-Roya Ebrahimi, Kazem Barzegar Bafrooei. The Relationship between Mindfulness and Creative Self-efficacy in School Teachers with Special Needs: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience, Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2022; 12(45):69-88. [Persian]
40-Kazem Barzegar Bafrooei,Maryam Afkhami, ,Reyhaneh Shafie, Mohammad Afkhami Aghda,Yasser Rezapour Mirsaleh. Comparison of General Health, Coping Styles, Religious Orientations, and….. Tolooebehdasht Journal.2019;18(1):42-57.[Persian]
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychology
Received: 2023/07/20 | Accepted: 2023/12/3 | Published: 2024/01/16
Received: 2023/07/20 | Accepted: 2023/12/3 | Published: 2024/01/16
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