Volume 22, Issue 5 (3-2023)
TB 2023, 22(5): 28-42 |
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eatesamipour R, aynolahi marian N. Comparison of emotional reactivity and the ability to control thought in students with and without sleep disorder. TB 2023; 22 (5) :28-42
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3561-en.html
URL: http://tbj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3561-en.html
payamenoor university , r.eatesami@gmail.com
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Comparing Emotional Reactivity and the Ability to Control Thought in Studentswith and without Sleep Disorder in Zanjan City in 2022
Razieh Eatesamipour(Ph.D.)1, Nadia einollahi Marian(M.Sc.)2
1.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department Of psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran. Email:r_etesamipour@pnu.ac.ir Tel:09171906899
2. Masters of General Psychology , Department of psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Sleep disorder is a condition characterized by disturbed patterns or behaviors related to sleep, and failure to meet this physiological need can compromised human life. The purpose of this research is to compare emotional reactivity and thought control ability in students with and without sleep disorder in Zanjan city.
Methods: This was a descriptive and causal-comparative research. 100 people (50 people with sleep disorder and 50 people without sleep disorder) were selected using random sampling method from the students of Payame Noor University Zanjan city in 2022. To collect data, the questionnaires of insomnia and hypersomnia screening by Zomer et al., thought control ability by Luciano et al. and emotional reactivity by Knock et al. were used. To analyze data, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variancethrough SPSS version 26 software were used.
Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between students with and without sleep disorder regarding the components of emotional reactivity and the ability to control thoughts (P<0/05). Also, there was no significant difference between the emotional reactivity of male and female students (P<0/05), and there was a significant difference in the ability to control their thoughts between male and female students (P=0/001).
Conclusion: The findings showed that people with high emotional reactivity and lower thought control ability have more sleep disorders. Therefore, it is suggested to improve personal and social performance of students by identifying and eliminating personal and environmental factors governing sleep status of people, as well as providing appropriate educational programs.
Keywords: Sleep Disorder, Students, Thought Control, Emotional Reactivity, Thought Control
References
1-Guadiana N, Okashima TL. The effects of sleep deprivation on college students. 2021.
2-Zhang J, Yuan G, Guo H, & et al. Longitudinal association between problematic smartphone use and sleep disorder among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addictive Behaviors. 2023;144:107715.
3-Jiang Y, Guo L, Lai W, Li Y, Sun X, Zhao H, et al. Association of emotional and behavioral problems with sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: The moderation effect of academic performance. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;330:94-100.
4-Tempesta D, Socci V, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Sleep and emotional processing. Sleep medicine reviews. 2018;40:183-95.
5-Lipinska G, Austin H, Moonsamy JR, Henry M, Lewis R, Baldwin DS, et al. Preferential consolidation of emotional reactivity during sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 2022;16:976047.
6-Moghbeli HM, Zanjani Z, Omidi A. Evaluating The Psychometric Properties Of The Persian Version Of The Emotional Reaction Scale (Ers) In Students. 2020. .[Persian]
7-Schmidt RE, Harvey AG, Van der Linden M. Cognitive and affective control in insomnia. Frontiers in Psychology. 2011;2:349.
8-Harrington MO, Cairney SA. Sleep loss gives rise to intrusive thoughts. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2021;25(6):434-6.
9-Abolghasemi A, Bakhshian F, Narimani M. The Thought Control Strategies and Response Inhibition in the Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Normal Persons. 2013. .[Persian]
10-Ballot O, Daviaux Y, Sanz-Arigita E, Ivers H, Micoulaud-Franchi J, Bioulac S, et al. Emotion coping strategies and dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs are associated with objective sleep problems in young adults with insomnia. Sleep Medicine. 2021;88:180-6.
11-Sella E, Borella E. Individual differences between poor and good sleepers on thought control strategies, objective and subjective sleep quality. Sleep Medicine. 2019;64:S342.
12-Wells A, Davies MI. The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour research and therapy. 1994;32(8):871-8.
13-Barati H, Oreyzi H. Investigating the Reliability and Validation of Luchiano and His ColleguesThought Control Ability Questionnaire. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2017;16(1):33-41. .[Persian]
14-Ahmadpour R, Torkan H. The prediction of rumination and worry based on the ability to control thought and cognitive behavioral avoidance in students university with clinical depression. 2022.[Persian]
15-Rajabi Jourshari M, Amini S, Jafarirad S. The Effect of Doogh (a Traditional Yogurt Drink) Consumption on Quality of Sleep in Female Students with Sleep Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 2019;14(2):31-8. .[Persian]
16-Zhang Y, Chernaik M, Hallet K. Relationship issues among college nursing students: associations with stress, coping, sleep, and mental disorders. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2017;12(4):246-52.
17-Alhamed AA. The link among academic stress, sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, academic performance, and the moderating role of resourcefulness in health professions students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Professional Nursing. 2023;46:83-91.
18-Delavar A. Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Roshd. 2016:100-99.
19-ZOMER J. Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) for screening large populations for EDS complaints. Sleep'84. 1985.
20-Falavigna A, de Souza Bezerra ML, Teles AR, Kleber FD, Velho MC, Da Silva RC, et al. Consistency and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire in undergraduate students. Sleep and Breathing. 2011;15:351-5.
21-Manavipour D. Psychometric properties of the sleep questionnaire. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2015;3(3):16-20.
22-Luciano JV, Algarabel S, Tomás JM, Martínez JL. Development and validation of the thought control ability questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences. 2005;38(5):997-1008.
23-Nock MK, Wedig MM, Holmberg EB, Hooley JM. The emotion reactivity scale: development, evaluation, and relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Behavior therapy. 2008;39(2):107-16.
24-O’Bryan EM, McLeish AC, Johnson AL. The role of emotion reactivity in health anxiety. Behavior modification. 2017;41(6):829-45.
25-Al Salmani AA, Al Shidhani A, Al Qassabi SS, Al Yaaribi SA, Al Musharfi AM. Prevalence of sleep disorders among university students and its impact on academic performance. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. 2020;25(1):974-81.
26-Cárdenas-Egúsquiza AL, Berntsen D. Sleep well, mind wander less: A systematic review of the relationship between sleep outcomes and spontaneous cognition. Consciousness and Cognition. 2022;102:103333.
27-Yarahmadi M, Hafezi F, Makvandi B. Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Emotional Regulation and Dysfunctional Sleep Beliefs Among Insomnia Patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2022;28(2):196-209. .[Persian]
28-Tran E. Gender Differences in Daily Emotional Reactivity in Late Life 2020.
29-Deng Y, Chang L, Yang M, Huo M, Zhou R. Gender differences in emotional response: Inconsistency between experience and expressivity. PloS one. 2016;11(6):e0158666.
30-Carlton S, Harrison A, Honoré S, Goodmon LB. Conceal, don't feel: Gender differences in implicit and explicit expressions of emotions. Modern Psychological Studies. 2020;25(1):10.
31-Dell NA, Vidovic KR, Huang J, Pelham M. Self-Reported emotional reactivity, depression, and anxiety: gender differences among a psychiatric outpatient sample. Social Work Research. 2020;44(3):205-14.
32-Stoica T, Knight L, Naaz F, Patton S, Depue B. Gender differences in functional connectivity during emotion regulation. Neuropsychologia. 2021;156:107829.
33-Li C-sR, Zhang S, Duann J-R, Yan P, Sinha R, Mazure CM. Gender differences in cognitive control: an extended investigation of the stop signal task. Brain imaging and behavior. 2009;3:262-76.
34-Low RS, Overall NC, Hammond MD, Girme YU. Emotional suppression during personal goal pursuit impedes goal strivings and achievement. Emotion. 2017;17(2):208.
35-Gard MG, Kring AM. Sex differences in the time course of emotion. Emotion. 2007;7(2):429.
36- Biele C, Grabowska A. Sex differences in perception of emotion intensity in dynamic and static facial expressions. Experimental brain research. 2006;171:1-6.
37-McRae K, Ochsner KN, Mauss IB, Gabrieli JJ, Gross JJ. Gender differences in emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal. Group processes & intergroup relations. 2008;11(2):143-62.
38-Lacy HG, Genuchi MC. Men's Conformity to Masculine Gender Role Norms: A Broad Association to Thought Suppression. 2021.
39-Göbel K, Hensel L, Schultheiss OC, Niessen C. Meta‐analytic evidence shows no relationship between task‐based and self‐report measures of thought control. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 2022;36(3):659-72.
40-Massar K, Bělostíková P, Sui X. It’s the thought that counts: Trait self-control is positively associated with well-being and coping via thought control ability. Current Psychology. 2020:1-10.
41-Kwok EL, Leys G, Koenig-Robert R, Pearson J. Thought Control Failure: Sensory Determinants and Functional Effects. BioRxiv. 2018:293761.
42-Williams AD, Moulds ML, Grisham JR, Gay P, Lang T, Kandris E, et al. A psychometric evaluation of the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ) and the prediction of cognitive control. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2010;32:397-405.
Razieh Eatesamipour(Ph.D.)1, Nadia einollahi Marian(M.Sc.)2
1.Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department Of psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran. Email:r_etesamipour@pnu.ac.ir Tel:09171906899
2. Masters of General Psychology , Department of psychology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Sleep disorder is a condition characterized by disturbed patterns or behaviors related to sleep, and failure to meet this physiological need can compromised human life. The purpose of this research is to compare emotional reactivity and thought control ability in students with and without sleep disorder in Zanjan city.
Methods: This was a descriptive and causal-comparative research. 100 people (50 people with sleep disorder and 50 people without sleep disorder) were selected using random sampling method from the students of Payame Noor University Zanjan city in 2022. To collect data, the questionnaires of insomnia and hypersomnia screening by Zomer et al., thought control ability by Luciano et al. and emotional reactivity by Knock et al. were used. To analyze data, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variancethrough SPSS version 26 software were used.
Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between students with and without sleep disorder regarding the components of emotional reactivity and the ability to control thoughts (P<0/05). Also, there was no significant difference between the emotional reactivity of male and female students (P<0/05), and there was a significant difference in the ability to control their thoughts between male and female students (P=0/001).
Conclusion: The findings showed that people with high emotional reactivity and lower thought control ability have more sleep disorders. Therefore, it is suggested to improve personal and social performance of students by identifying and eliminating personal and environmental factors governing sleep status of people, as well as providing appropriate educational programs.
Keywords: Sleep Disorder, Students, Thought Control, Emotional Reactivity, Thought Control
References
1-Guadiana N, Okashima TL. The effects of sleep deprivation on college students. 2021.
2-Zhang J, Yuan G, Guo H, & et al. Longitudinal association between problematic smartphone use and sleep disorder among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addictive Behaviors. 2023;144:107715.
3-Jiang Y, Guo L, Lai W, Li Y, Sun X, Zhao H, et al. Association of emotional and behavioral problems with sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: The moderation effect of academic performance. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2023;330:94-100.
4-Tempesta D, Socci V, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Sleep and emotional processing. Sleep medicine reviews. 2018;40:183-95.
5-Lipinska G, Austin H, Moonsamy JR, Henry M, Lewis R, Baldwin DS, et al. Preferential consolidation of emotional reactivity during sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 2022;16:976047.
6-Moghbeli HM, Zanjani Z, Omidi A. Evaluating The Psychometric Properties Of The Persian Version Of The Emotional Reaction Scale (Ers) In Students. 2020. .[Persian]
7-Schmidt RE, Harvey AG, Van der Linden M. Cognitive and affective control in insomnia. Frontiers in Psychology. 2011;2:349.
8-Harrington MO, Cairney SA. Sleep loss gives rise to intrusive thoughts. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2021;25(6):434-6.
9-Abolghasemi A, Bakhshian F, Narimani M. The Thought Control Strategies and Response Inhibition in the Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Normal Persons. 2013. .[Persian]
10-Ballot O, Daviaux Y, Sanz-Arigita E, Ivers H, Micoulaud-Franchi J, Bioulac S, et al. Emotion coping strategies and dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs are associated with objective sleep problems in young adults with insomnia. Sleep Medicine. 2021;88:180-6.
11-Sella E, Borella E. Individual differences between poor and good sleepers on thought control strategies, objective and subjective sleep quality. Sleep Medicine. 2019;64:S342.
12-Wells A, Davies MI. The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour research and therapy. 1994;32(8):871-8.
13-Barati H, Oreyzi H. Investigating the Reliability and Validation of Luchiano and His ColleguesThought Control Ability Questionnaire. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2017;16(1):33-41. .[Persian]
14-Ahmadpour R, Torkan H. The prediction of rumination and worry based on the ability to control thought and cognitive behavioral avoidance in students university with clinical depression. 2022.[Persian]
15-Rajabi Jourshari M, Amini S, Jafarirad S. The Effect of Doogh (a Traditional Yogurt Drink) Consumption on Quality of Sleep in Female Students with Sleep Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 2019;14(2):31-8. .[Persian]
16-Zhang Y, Chernaik M, Hallet K. Relationship issues among college nursing students: associations with stress, coping, sleep, and mental disorders. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2017;12(4):246-52.
17-Alhamed AA. The link among academic stress, sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, academic performance, and the moderating role of resourcefulness in health professions students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Professional Nursing. 2023;46:83-91.
18-Delavar A. Research methods in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Roshd. 2016:100-99.
19-ZOMER J. Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) for screening large populations for EDS complaints. Sleep'84. 1985.
20-Falavigna A, de Souza Bezerra ML, Teles AR, Kleber FD, Velho MC, Da Silva RC, et al. Consistency and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire in undergraduate students. Sleep and Breathing. 2011;15:351-5.
21-Manavipour D. Psychometric properties of the sleep questionnaire. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2015;3(3):16-20.
22-Luciano JV, Algarabel S, Tomás JM, Martínez JL. Development and validation of the thought control ability questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences. 2005;38(5):997-1008.
23-Nock MK, Wedig MM, Holmberg EB, Hooley JM. The emotion reactivity scale: development, evaluation, and relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Behavior therapy. 2008;39(2):107-16.
24-O’Bryan EM, McLeish AC, Johnson AL. The role of emotion reactivity in health anxiety. Behavior modification. 2017;41(6):829-45.
25-Al Salmani AA, Al Shidhani A, Al Qassabi SS, Al Yaaribi SA, Al Musharfi AM. Prevalence of sleep disorders among university students and its impact on academic performance. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. 2020;25(1):974-81.
26-Cárdenas-Egúsquiza AL, Berntsen D. Sleep well, mind wander less: A systematic review of the relationship between sleep outcomes and spontaneous cognition. Consciousness and Cognition. 2022;102:103333.
27-Yarahmadi M, Hafezi F, Makvandi B. Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Emotional Regulation and Dysfunctional Sleep Beliefs Among Insomnia Patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2022;28(2):196-209. .[Persian]
28-Tran E. Gender Differences in Daily Emotional Reactivity in Late Life 2020.
29-Deng Y, Chang L, Yang M, Huo M, Zhou R. Gender differences in emotional response: Inconsistency between experience and expressivity. PloS one. 2016;11(6):e0158666.
30-Carlton S, Harrison A, Honoré S, Goodmon LB. Conceal, don't feel: Gender differences in implicit and explicit expressions of emotions. Modern Psychological Studies. 2020;25(1):10.
31-Dell NA, Vidovic KR, Huang J, Pelham M. Self-Reported emotional reactivity, depression, and anxiety: gender differences among a psychiatric outpatient sample. Social Work Research. 2020;44(3):205-14.
32-Stoica T, Knight L, Naaz F, Patton S, Depue B. Gender differences in functional connectivity during emotion regulation. Neuropsychologia. 2021;156:107829.
33-Li C-sR, Zhang S, Duann J-R, Yan P, Sinha R, Mazure CM. Gender differences in cognitive control: an extended investigation of the stop signal task. Brain imaging and behavior. 2009;3:262-76.
34-Low RS, Overall NC, Hammond MD, Girme YU. Emotional suppression during personal goal pursuit impedes goal strivings and achievement. Emotion. 2017;17(2):208.
35-Gard MG, Kring AM. Sex differences in the time course of emotion. Emotion. 2007;7(2):429.
36- Biele C, Grabowska A. Sex differences in perception of emotion intensity in dynamic and static facial expressions. Experimental brain research. 2006;171:1-6.
37-McRae K, Ochsner KN, Mauss IB, Gabrieli JJ, Gross JJ. Gender differences in emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal. Group processes & intergroup relations. 2008;11(2):143-62.
38-Lacy HG, Genuchi MC. Men's Conformity to Masculine Gender Role Norms: A Broad Association to Thought Suppression. 2021.
39-Göbel K, Hensel L, Schultheiss OC, Niessen C. Meta‐analytic evidence shows no relationship between task‐based and self‐report measures of thought control. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 2022;36(3):659-72.
40-Massar K, Bělostíková P, Sui X. It’s the thought that counts: Trait self-control is positively associated with well-being and coping via thought control ability. Current Psychology. 2020:1-10.
41-Kwok EL, Leys G, Koenig-Robert R, Pearson J. Thought Control Failure: Sensory Determinants and Functional Effects. BioRxiv. 2018:293761.
42-Williams AD, Moulds ML, Grisham JR, Gay P, Lang T, Kandris E, et al. A psychometric evaluation of the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ) and the prediction of cognitive control. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2010;32:397-405.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychology
Received: 2023/10/3 | Accepted: 2023/12/3 | Published: 2024/01/16
Received: 2023/10/3 | Accepted: 2023/12/3 | Published: 2024/01/16
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